scholarly journals Reduction of surface runoff on sloped agricultural land in potato cultivation in de-stoned soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Daniel Vejchar ◽  
Josef Vacek ◽  
David Hájek ◽  
Jiří Bradna ◽  
Pavel Kasal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Surface Water Runoff

Regarding the increased surface runoff from production areas, wide-row crops grown on slopes are considered risk crops. By reducing the surface runoff, it is possible to mitigate the negative effects on both the soil and the plants and positively influence the subsequent production, e.g., after application of de-stoning before planting. During this research, the tied ridging method was applied during planting by a two-row planter in both central and tractor trail furrows in potato rows and on the slope of 8.8% compared to a control plot without this treatment. Rainfall and surface water runoff were monitored, and the crop yields were compared. During three monitored years, up to 86% of the runoff water in the central furrows was saved compared to the control, whereas it was up to 72% in the wider furrows for tractor travel. The total yield was increased on the treated area, however, the increase could not be statistically proven.

scholarly journals Analysis of Selected Water Quality Indicators from Runoff during Potato Cultivation after Natural Precipitation

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Petra Oppeltová ◽  
Pavel Kasal ◽  
František Krátký ◽  
Jana Hajšlová
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Application Requirements ◽  
Precipitation Events

When growing wide-row crops on sloped lands, there is significant surface runoff. In relation to the runoff process, potatoes are classified as a risk crop. This study aimed to grow potatoes in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, where the protection zone of the water supply reservoir of Švihov is also located. At selected experimental areas, water samples were taken after precipitation events when surface runoff and water erosion occurred. These samples were analysed (nitrates, total P, and selected pesticides used for potato growing) in an accredited laboratory. We located three different variants of nitrogen fertilisation in each experimental area. Precipitation and the amount of water from surface runoff after each higher precipitation event were also measured in the experimental areas. By knowing the acreage of each experimental area, the volume of surface runoff water and the concentration of nitrates, phosphorus, and pesticides, it was possible to calculate the balance of these substances. We also calculated the percentage of surface runoff. The results imply that a new potato cultivator in the technology of stone windrowing should be designed for weed control as part of a weed control system with reduced herbicide application requirements. Innovative agrotechnical processes reducing pollution of water sources by phosphorus and nitrates should also be enhanced. These are based on a precise application of mineral fertiliser into the root area of plants within the period of an intensive intake of nutrients.

scholarly journals Water-Trap Series and City Pond to Control The Destructive Power of Runoff Water from Mbay Hills

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Susilawati Susilawati ◽  
◽  
Pipit Skriptiana ◽  
Hartono Hartono ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Water Trap ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Runoff Analysis ◽  
Surface Water Runoff ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Weworuwet Hill, which is part of the Mbay hillside in Flores – NTT has sparse vegetation, only a stretch of grass that covers it, and is dry in the dry season like a barren teletabic hillside. This has the potential for surface water runoff, which has high destructive power, especially in the lowlands of Mbay City. To overcome this problem, a study to control the destructive force of water runoff was carried out by applying a water-trap series system, so that the potential for the destructive power of water can be reduced. Tertiary, secondary and primary runoff analysis studies are carried out to determine the location of the required watertraps. This study was conducted using a geographic information system-based program. Furthermore, the hydrological analysis of the area is carried out to determine which flood discharge can be controlled, and the volume of water that can be used for greening hills so that it can reduce the potential for damage to water runoff. The remaining water discharge in the downstream will be accommodated in the city pond, which functions as water conservation infrastructure. Finally, by applying a series of water traps on the tertiary, secondary and primary runoff from the Mbay hilly area, the destructive power of the runoff can be controlled, so that it does not impact and burden the residential plains of the town of Mbay.

scholarly journals SOIL TILLAGE FOCUSING ON THE REDUCTION OF WATER EROSION OF SOIL IN THE CULTIVATION OF SELECTED FIELD CROPS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr NOVÁK ◽  
Jiří MAŠEK ◽  
Josef HŮLA ◽  
Lukáš BENEŠ ◽  
Jitka KUMHÁLOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Stand Establishment

Water erosion is a problem of global significance. Water erosion destroys or damages a vast expanse of usable agricultural land every year. Conditions in the Czech Republic are characterized by high average slope of the land. It is reported that approximately half of land in the Czech Republic is threatened by water erosion. Water erosion is a natural process that cannot be fully prevented. In case of agricultural land an important option is suitable tillage, which may reduce symptoms of water erosion. The problem of water erosion of agricultural land is growing in the Czech Republic, which is mainly caused by the growth of wide areas of crops (maize). This is due to expansion of biogas power plants using parts of maize silage. The aim of paper is to evaluate and assess the crop stand establishment in conditions of resistance to water erosion. For this purpose, a field experiment was set up. This experiment affects the most widely used methods of maize cultivation in Central Bohemia region. It consists of six variants of crops and technologies stand establishment and control treatment without vegetation. To determine the surface runoff and erosive wash was used measurement by runoff microplots. From processed measurement the positive impact of reduced tillage on soil resistance to water erosion results can be confirmed. The consequence is a reduction of surface runoff and especially erosive washes of soil. Impact of ground cover with organic matter is favorable, even in case of conventional tillage. The results of the experiment are directly applicable to agricultural practices. Results of the experiment were used for the legislative recommendations of appropriate technology (wide-row crops on slopes).

scholarly journals Quantity and Quality of Surface and Subsurface Runoff from an Eroded Loess Slope Used for Agricultural Purposes

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Loess Slope ◽  
Subsurface Runoff ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

The purpose of the work was to determine the surface and subsurface water runoff and selected constituents of the matter contained and carried out from the eroded loess slope used as arable land. The research was carried out in 2008–2011 on the Lublin Upland. The quantity of water flowing out of the slope was measured and samples were collected in order to determine the concentration of the soil suspension of nitrogen and its forms as well as phosphorus and potassium. Soil tests were also carried out and the rainfall amount and intensity was monitored. The research results show that the amount of precipitation was significantly statistically correlated with the quantity of surface and subsurface water runoff and with the precipitation and surface runoff erosion indicator EI30 (correlations at the level of r = 0.75–0.78). In addition, the mass of eroded soil was strongly correlated with the erosion indicator of rain and surface runoff EI30 (r = 0.86). The annual soil losses were from 21.1 to 173.1 Mg ha−1. The concentration of chemical components dissolved in the surface and subsurface runoff water in most cases proved to be negatively statistically correlated with the amount of precipitation and indicator EI30. The correlation coefficients (r) were at levels from −0.32 to −0.52. The annual loss of nutrients caused by chemical erosion was: nitrogen 7.210–29.949 kg ha−1, phosphorus 0.846–5.279 kg ha−1 and potassium 7.065–21.660 kg ha−1. The highest intensity of water erosion was recorded in 2010, when root crops were grown in the field.

Justification of the need to increase the fertility of reclaimed alluvial soils of JSC «Moskovskoe»

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Andrey ilinsky ◽  
Alexander Nefedov ◽  
Konstantin Evsenkin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Adverse Weather

Global climatic changes, technogenic pollution by pollutants, violations of technologies of exploitation of reclaimed land lead to a decrease in fertility and soil degradation of agricultural land. Adverse weather conditions, resulting in a lack of adequate flood water, and economic difficulties in agriculture make it difficult to fill the deficit of organic matter and macronutrients in reclaimed alluvial soils. The monitoring of agrochemical properties of alluvial meadow medium-loamy soil of the stationary site (reclaimed lands of JSC «Moskovskoye» of Ryazan region), located in the floodplain of the Oka river, conducted by the Meshchersky branch of Vniigim, showed the presence and intensification of degradation changes in the soil. Thus, comparing the agrochemical indicators in the layer 0–20 cm, carried out in 1995, with the indicators of 2019, it should be noted a decrease in soil fertility. The decrease in soil quality was expressed in a decrease in the amount of mobile phosphorus by 37.6 %, mobile potassium by 53.3 %. Also, during this time there was a decrease in organic matter by 9.1 %, and an increase in soil acidity was 0.6 pH. As a result of such changes, soils lose ecological stability and become more vulnerable to adverse weather and negative anthropogenic impacts. In such a situation, advanced agricultural techniques should be actively used to obtain guaranteed, environmentally safe crop yields and restore the fertility of degraded reclaimed soils. In this regard, there is a need to develop innovative methods of fertility restoration of degraded alluvial soils in reclaimed lands using multi-component organic-mineral ameliorants. Meshchersky branch performs research work in addressing this issue.

Ukrainian Chernozem Fertility Reproduction under Soil Conservation Agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Yu. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Biological Potential

In Ukraine 57.5 % of agricultural land is subjected to erosion with 10–24 million tons of humus, 0.3–0.96 million tons of nitrogen, 0.7–0.9 million tons of phosphorus and 6–12 million tons of potassium lost annually. Degradation processes are also common on chernozems, which cover about 60 % of the Ukrainian territory. The aim of the research is to defi ne the most eff ective soil conservation practices and legislative decisions aimed to conservation/recovering the Ukrainian chernozem fertility. The experimental data of the agrochemical certifi cation of Ukrainian lands, data from scientifi c papers, stock and instructional materials as well as our own fi eld and laboratory studies were used. It has been established that the long-term use of deep subsurface tillage on typical chernozem increases, compared with plowing, the content of 10–0.25 mm of air-dry and water-resistant aggregates, the bulk density, soil water storages, water infi ltration rates, the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, pHH2O, CaCO3 stocks, the contents of humic and fulvic acids, molecular weights of humic acids – by 5.5 and 3.06 %; 0.05 g/cm3; 25.5 mm; 22.6 mm/h; 0.1 and 3 mg/100 g of soil; 0.03 pHH2O; 18 t/ha, 0.02 and 0.04 %, 91195 kDa, respectively. Fertilizers may contribute to the crop yields increase from by 60% in the Polissya, by 40 % – in the Forest Steppe, by 15 % – in the Wet Steppe, by 10 % – in the Dry Steppe and by 40 % – in the Irrigated Steppe areas. In soil-conservation rotations, the crop placement and alternation are advisable to combine with strips or hills sowing, taking into account the local relief features; soil alkalinization, applying anti-erosion structures. Ukrainian agriculture will receive additional 10–12 million tons of forage units or 20–22 % from all fodder in a fi eld agriculture under increasing 8–10 % of arable lands for intercrops. It is advisable to mulch the eroded chernozems of Ukraine depending on their texture composition: 1.3 t/ha of mulch for sandy and loamy soils, 1.9 t/ha – for sandy and 1.1 t/ha – for loamy soils. The implementation of soil conservation agriculture can minimize some soil degradation processes and improve eff ective soil properties required to realize the biological potential of cultivated plants. Key words: chernozem, degradation, fertility, soil conservation technologies, agriculture policy.

Landfarming of Oily Wastes: Design and Operation

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Groundwater Protection ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Oily Waste ◽  
Waste Degradation ◽  
Ground Characterization ◽  
Area Of Application

The technology of treatment through landfarming for oily wastes has been more and more often utilized in Brazil, always successfully. The definition, the processes which occur, as well as the factors which affect its performance are herein presented. Design parameters, such as location, ground characterization, dimensioning of the area of application, groundwater protection, drainage, treatment of surface runoff water and percolated liquid, among others, are presented. Operational procedures and quality monitoring of effluents and environment are also described. PETROBRÁS is already operating two landfarming systems and has several others in the design stage. We present data from these projects and report that oily waste degradation has been achieved in around six months. Finally, we expect to be contributing to the affirmation and development of this technology in our Country.

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