scholarly journals Comparison of water regimes of two dump catchments in the Krušné hory Mts. (Czech Republic) in dry years using a hydrological balance

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
J. Gregar ◽  
P. Kovář ◽  
H. Bačinová ◽  
T. Bažatová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Hydrological Balance ◽  
Surface Coal Mining ◽  
Small Reservoirs

The dump catchments water regime optimization is one of fundamental recultivation operations in areas devastated after surface coal mining. Two dump catchments (at Radovesice and Loket in the Krušné hory Mts., Czech Republic) were selected to study whether their hydrological balance allows to keep life in them on a sufficiently natural level. The WBCM-6 water balance model was implemented. Different hydrological conditions of the mentioned dump catchments located ca. 90 km apart were compared. The Radovesice catchment lies in a precipitation shadow and suffers from a much greater precipitation deficiency than the Loket one. Its long-term annual precipitation deficit makes about 100 mm. Based on the analysis of the dry year 2003 growing season, biotechnical hydrological measures, in particular cascades of small reservoirs, were proposed.

scholarly journals The extent of land use impact on water regime 

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kovář
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
The Impact

The paper is focused on the impact of land use changes on water regime. First, an emphasis was given to what extent the main components of the water balance on the experimental catchment Všeminka (region Vsetínské Hills) were influenced. For this reason, the WBCM-5 model was implemented for the period of 10 years in a daily step with a particular reference to simulate the components of direct runoff and of subsurface water recharge. In the selected years of the period 1990–2000, the major changes were made in land use and also the significant fluctuation of rainfall-runoff regimes were observed (e.g. dry year 1992 and flood year 1997). After WBCM-5 parameter calibration it was found that some water balance components can change in relation to substantial land use changes even up to tens of percent in a balance-consideration, i.e. in daily, monthly and yearly or decade values, namely the components of interception and also of direct runoff and of subsurface water recharge. However, a different situation appears when investigating significant short-term rainfall-runoff processes. There were about seven real flood events analysed using the model KINFIL-2 (time step 0.5 hr) during the same period of about 10 years on the same catchment. Furthermore, some land use change positive or negative scenarios were also analysed there. As opposed to long-term water balance analyses, there was never achieved any greater differences in the hydrograph peak or volume than 10%. Summarising, it is always important to distinguish a possible land use change impact in either long-term balance or short-term runoff consideration, otherwise a misunderstanding might be easily made, as can often be found when commenting on the impact on floods in some mass media.

scholarly journals Inferring Soil Moisture Memory from Streamflow Observations Using a Simple Water Balance Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1773-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene Orth ◽  
Randal D. Koster ◽  
Sonia I. Seneviratne
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Optimized Model ◽  
Streamflow Data

Abstract Soil moisture is known for its integrative behavior and resulting memory characteristics. Soil moisture anomalies can persist for weeks or even months into the future, making initial soil moisture a potentially important contributor to skill in weather forecasting. A major difficulty when investigating soil moisture and its memory using observations is the sparse availability of long-term measurements and their limited spatial representativeness. In contrast, there is an abundance of long-term streamflow measurements for catchments of various sizes across the world. The authors investigate in this study whether such streamflow measurements can be used to infer and characterize soil moisture memory in respective catchments. Their approach uses a simple water balance model in which evapotranspiration and runoff ratios are expressed as simple functions of soil moisture; optimized functions for the model are determined using streamflow observations, and the optimized model in turn provides information on soil moisture memory on the catchment scale. The validity of the approach is demonstrated with data from three heavily monitored catchments. The approach is then applied to streamflow data in several small catchments across Switzerland to obtain a spatially distributed description of soil moisture memory and to show how memory varies, for example, with altitude and topography.

scholarly journals Long-Term Water Balance of Selected Field Crops in Different Agricultural Regions of the Czech Republic Using Fao-56 and Soil Hydrological Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Duffková ◽  
Jiří Holub ◽  
Petr Fučík ◽  
Jaroslav Rožnovský ◽  
Ivan Novotný
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Crop Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Water Stress

Long-term water balance (WB) of four selected crops (winter wheat, oilseed rape, silage maize, semi-early potatoes) was determined at the field block scale in the Czech Republic for all agricultural growing areas (AGAs): maize-, beet-, potato- and mountain-AGAs for the 1981–2010 period. A novel approach for the calculation of WB was employed, which combined the FAO-56 method for crop water requirements (CWRs) with sources of available water from precipitation, soil, and groundwater. The computed WB was divided into four categories of soil water availability based on soil hydrolimits and crop features: Categories 1 and 2 with zero or mild occurrence of crop water stress; categories 3 and 4 with intermediate and severe occurrence of crop water stress. The winter crops were affected by water stress to a lesser extent (the area of categories 3 and 4: wheat 20.1%, oilseed rape 14.5%) as compared with spring crops (the area of categories 3 and 4: maize 39.6%, potatoes 41%). The highest water deficit was recorded for all crops in the maize-AGA due to low precipitation and high CWRs. Most available water was revealed to occur in the mountain-AGA. A strong need for the adoption of measures towards the optimization of water regimes on agricultural land was indicated. The present study shows a promising approach for evaluating and proposing changes of area of cultivated crops with the appropriate tillage and agricultural water management in terms of satisfactory crop water requirements.

scholarly journals The feasibility of using soil runoff in calculating the water balance of ameliorated soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Ivan Levshunov ◽  
Yuri Mazhayskiy ◽  
Olga Chernikova
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Term Field

The water regime on the reclaimed lands changes significantly during the year, and its possible change must be established or predicted in advance at the project stage. From the main characteristics of the water regime of soil, it is possible to reliably predict changes in moisture reserves and, worse, the dynamics of groundwater levels. Prediction of changes in moisture reserves in soil is carried out using “water balance calculations”. The results of long-term field research have shown that the main factors causing surface runoff are: the amount and intensity of precipitation, the initial moisture content of the upper soil layers, the slope and condition (agricultural use) of the site surface. The feasibility of using a variable runoff boundary in calculating the water balance of ameliorated soil is shown. The results of field experiments on the study of surface runoff in conditions of loamy soil are presented. Two-factor dependences of the daily runoff from precipitation and soil moisture have been obtained in case of its various agricultural uses.

scholarly journals Modelling Wetland Growing Season Rainfall Interception Losses Based on Maximum Canopy Storage Measurements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Ciężkowski ◽  
Tomasz Berezowski ◽  
Małgorzata Kleniewska ◽  
Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska ◽  
Jarosław Chormański
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Natural Wetland ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Rainfall Interception ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Weight Method

This study estimates rainfall interception losses from natural wetland ecosystems based on maximum canopy storage measurements. Rainfall interception losses play an important role in water balance, which is crucial in wetlands, and has not yet been thoroughly studied in relation to this type of ecosystem. Maximum canopy storage was measured using the weight method. Based on these measurements, daily values of interception losses were estimated and then used to calculate long term interception losses based on precipitation and potential evapotranspiration data for the 1971–2015 period. Depending mainly on the number of days with precipitation, the results show that total interception losses for the growing season as well as monthly interception losses are around 13% of gross rainfall. This value is similar to the values observed for some forests. Hence, interception losses should not be disregarded in hydrologic models of wetlands, especially because data trends in meteorological conditions (mainly number of days with precipitation) show that interception losses will increase in the future if those trends stay the same.

scholarly journals Long-term forecast model of spring runoff on the Belaya river

2019 ◽  
Vol 486 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-726
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Vasil’ev ◽  
V. V. Vodopyanov ◽  
G. S. Zayzeva ◽  
Sh. I. Zakirzyanov ◽  
V. V. Semenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Spring Runoff ◽  
Marquardt Algorithm ◽  
Long Term Forecasting ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
The Stability

This article presents the results of long-term forecasting of spring runoff in the Belaya River basin, based on the water balance model. To optimize the structure and parameters of the water balance model equations, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used to impose restrictions on the input data values. The obtained values of the equations’ coefficients were checked according to the criterion D/s adopted in the hydrometeorological service. The reliability of the predictive method used was assessed by statistical calculations of the stability of their parameters and test calculations on an independent sample. All equations obtained during the numerical experiment may be suitable to make forecasts.

CLOSED TOREY LAKES: IS IT POSSIBLE TO PREDICT CHANGES IN HYDROLOGICAL REGIME?

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
M. A. Kashnitskaya ◽  
◽  
M. V. Bolgov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Hydraulic Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
The Impact

A model of the water balance of Torey Lakes is proposed. The model is based on the integration of satellite data for 1989-2020 and ground-based observation data for the period of 1965- 2018. The analysis of long-term changes in the water level in the lakes revealed its cyclicity. A possible change in the level of Torey Lakes is estimated taking into account the impact of the construction of a hydraulic structure on the transboundary Ul’dza River. Variants of the planned development of water use in the Mongolian part of the catchment area in the form of the water inflow reduction by 10 and 20% are considered. The water balance model is used to demonstrate a possible negative impact of inflow variations on the hydrological regime of the lakes.

scholarly journals Fusarium spp. In wheat grain in the Czech Republic analysed by PCR method

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nedělník ◽  
H. Moravcová ◽  
J. Hajšlová ◽  
K. Lancová ◽  
M. Váňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Fourth Species ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The frequency of occurrence of four <I>Fusarium</I> spp. on wheat in the Moravia region, Czech Republic, was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Grain samples were collected during 2003–2006 at grain purchase centres. The dominant species was <I>F. graminearum</I>, which was recorded in all samples of the first 3 years of the study and in 88% of them in 2006. The previously more frequent <I>F. culmorum</I> was detected in 100 % of the samples only in 2005; in the preceding two years the frequency of its detection was lower, 84% and 60%, and in 2006 it was detected in 55% of the samples. <I>Fusarium avenaceum</I> had a very low occurrence in the years 2003–2004, but in 2005 it was recorded in 100% of the samples. In 2006 it was the opposite – total absence of this species. A quite different situation was found in the occurrence of the fourth species – <I>F. poae</I>. In the years 2005 and 2006 it was only detected in 10%, resp. 2% of the samples, compared to markedly higher occurrences in the previous years. A comparison of the current weather development with the long-term mean at the Troubsko locality suggests that years with a relatively long, wet and cold start of the growing season and warmer end of vegetation (late May–July) will favour <I>F. graminearum</I>.

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