The names of the diseases in the written language of the Siberian Tatars of the 19th - early 20th centuries (based on the mosque books of the Tobolsk province)

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Guzel Ch. Fayzullina ◽  
◽  
Enze Kh. Kadirova ◽  
Lyubov Z. Maslovskaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Religious Worldview ◽  
Body Organ

The paper raises the question of studying the written heritage of the indigenous Turkic-speaking population of Western Siberia - the Siberian Tatars. The material of the study is the metric book “on a note of the dead” written in Arabic graphics in the Old Tatar language. The chronological framework of the study is the period from the 1830s to the beginning of the 20th century. The lexico-semantic classification of the names of diseases distinguishes four main groups: records containing the name of any part of the body/organ; records containing the name of the reaction / condition of the body; records containing the name of any change (internal or external) in the body / neoplasm on the body; names of diseases referring to a religious worldview. From the point of view of the structure, it was revealed that the names of diseases consist of two to three components, with the main semantic load in the first word. It was established that in 73.6 % of cases, the first component has a Turkic basis, and in 26.3 %, it was borrowed. The authors conclude that most lexemes in the modern pronunciation (or form) are widely used both in the Tatar literary language and in the dialects of the Siberian Tatars. The semantic dialectisms were identified, and lexemes used only in mosque books and dating back to foreign roots - Arabic or Persian - were distinguished.

scholarly journals HYPERMNESIA EUPHORIA OR ANY OTHER DESIRABLE FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE CONSUMER, A PSYCHOTROPIC EFFECT - FIRST AND LEADING ELEMENT IN THE OCCURRENCE AND PRESERVATION OF THE BODY’S DEPENDENCE ON PSYCHOACTIVE FACTORS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
D G Baitubayev ◽  
M D Baitubayeva
Keyword(s):  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Vegetative Nervous System ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Psychotropic Effect

The work shows the role of the vegetative nervous system (VNS) in the functioning of long-term memory, identity mechanisms of long-term memory in the human evolutionary adaptation and substance dependence. It is shown that, depending on the substance of the body are states like pro- gressive adaptation, that the bodycondition, depending on the chemical and psychogenic psychoactive- factors state of the same circle. It proposed the creation of a branch of medicine that combines study of the dependence of the organism, both on the chemical and psychoactive psychogenic factors. Given the classification of psychoactive factors.Onomastics formulated definitions of terminology changes and additions to be used in a new branch of medicine. Proposed allocation of the International Classifica- tion of diseases separate chapter for the classification of states like progressive adaptation of the body depending on psychoactive factors.

Der strībhedavarana-khaa in der Padumāvatī des Malik Muammad Jāyasī

1975 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-221
Author(s):  
Dieter B. Kapp
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Sanskrit Literature ◽  
Literary Source ◽  
Erotic Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Individual Interpretation

AbstractThe present article is concerned with “the chapter of the description of the [four] categories of women”, the strībhedavarana-khaa, which comprises the stanzas 463–467 of the great romantic poem Padumāvatī. It was composed ca. 1540 A.D. by the Muslim poet Malik Muammad Jāyasī, the most significant representative of the ūfī poets of Oudh, in Old Avadhi, the language of his native country.This study opens with a general introduction about the author and his chef-d'œuvre, which also gives the contents of the epic. The subject dealt with here is introduced by a short synopsis on the tradition of the description of the four categories of women, i.e. padminī, citriī, śakhinī, and hastinī, in Sanskrit erotic literature. Text and translation of the strībhedavarana-khaa, together with exhaustive notes, form the greater part of this article. The notes which appear after the translation of each verse, aim mainly at comparing Jāyasī's conception of the four categories of women with those held by authors of Sanskrit texts on this subject. For purpose of comparison, more than ten Sanskrit texts, beginning with Kokkoka's Ratirahasya, which was composed before 1200 A.D., have been cited. Besides, various quotations both from Sanskrit literature and from Arabic narrative literature have been given as illustrative examples, particularly in those cases, where no parallels for specific details in Jāyasī's description could be found in the Sanskrit texts referred to.The comparison of Jāyasī's conception of the four categories of women with those held by Kokkoka and his epigones, points to the conclusion that probably Jāyasī has not used any definite literary source for writing this particular chapter, but rather has relied upon possibly wide-spread popular traditions of this system of classification of women.Two conspicuous peculiarities in Jāyasī's very detailed description which are worthy of special note, have been discussed at the conclusion of the introductory remarks. The first is the “confusion” of the termini sakhinī and sighinī, that has been imputed to the poet by several editors of his œuvre; from my point of view, however, this “confusion” was fully intended by the author. The second peculiarity is Jāyasī's apparently individual interpretation of the so-called “sixteen śgāras”, i.e. “methods of decoration of the body”, which combined with the “twelve ābharaas”, i.e. “ornaments”, are generally known as the complete ornamentation of woman. According to Jāyasī, the “sixteen śgāras” are the “sixteen physical refinements”, divided into four groups: (1) four parts of the body (in the widest sense of the word) having “longness”, i.e. hair, fingers, eyes, neck, (2) four having “shortness”, i.e. teeth, breasts, forehead, navel, (3) four having “broadness”, i.e. cheeks, buttocks, arms, calves, and (4) four having “slenderness”, i.e. nose, waist, belly, lips.

scholarly journals АНТРОПОМЕТРИЧНІ ТИПОЛОГІЇ СПОЖИВАЧІВ В ДИЗАЙНІ СУЧАСНОГО ОДЯГУ

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Є. О. Головчанська
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Visual Illusions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Women's Clothing ◽  
Industrial Manufacture ◽  
Female Figures ◽  
Methods Analytical

Explore the existing anthropometric classifications of women's figures from the point of view of the clothes’ design for industrial production. To reveal the methodological significance of anthropometric classifications of consumer figures in the development of structural construction and content of clothing collections of industrial production. For the purpose of structuring consumer typology as the basis for designing industrial production clothing were used following methods: analytical-typological, comparative-typological, comparative-historical and comparative methods. In the article are analyzed the existing anthropometric typologies of female figures in the context of generally accepted sewing industry classifications, as well as modern trends in the creation of harmonic images with using visual illusions. Also in the article are determined the basic types of women’s body forms, which are the most frequently meet. Accordingly, it is advisable to take into account these types of figures in the design of women's clothing of industrial manufacture. The scientific novelty consists in systematizing modern typologies of the body shape of women for the design of clothing with their subsequent use in the process of designing an industrial collection of modern women's clothing. The systematized information is given about the classification of the modern typology of female figures for the design of assortment collections of promising women's clothing. The presented researches reveal ways of development and active use of methods of visual illusions for the development of women's clothing of industrial production.

ISSUES OF CLASSIFYING TRANSFER RISKS IN THE TRANSFER ACTIVITIES OF A FOOTBALL CLUB

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2540-2551
Author(s):  
A.S. Baskakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Football Club ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Transfer Activity ◽  
Football Clubs

The commercial attractiveness of football, the introduction of financial “fair play” and the need to disclose financial statements are forcing professional football clubs to pay more and more attention to issues of financial stability, improving management efficiency, including the transfer activities of football clubs. The article deals with the issues of transfer activity of a professional football club and the risks arising from this, which can significantly affect the financial, sports and reputation components of the club’s activities. This topic is especially relevant in view of the current situation with the coronavirus pandemic in the world, since one of the areas of activity that has been significantly affected is the football industry. Many clubs, including Russian ones, were forced to cut players’ and employees’ salaries, which was associated with a huge loss of income; and this obviously reflected on the transfer activity as well as the activity in the 2020 summer transfer window. Therefore, the need to pay even more attention to the topic of risks when making transfers seems obvious. This article is devoted to formulating the concept of transfer risk and creating a classification of transfer risks and transfer market participants, as well as their characteristics in terms of attitudes towards the risks arising from the transition of a professional footballer from one club to another in relation to the Russian professional football club. The article proposes a classification of transfer risks and transfer market participants from the point of view of their attitude to risks, which makes it possible to assess the degree of probability and the type of possible transfer risks to improve the efficiency of the transfer activities of a professional Russian football club. The article concludes that the most dangerous from the point of view of transfer risk due to incorrect decision-making and assessment of the situation are the actions of the representative of the buying club and the body that makes the final decision on the transfer; the least risky are the actions of the scout department and the intermediary agent. The article also introduces the concept of a player’s full transfer value, which is associated with a tendency for the difference between the market and transfer values of players to increase.

scholarly journals Morphological Dialectisms in the Work Sanat Digarasttar by Moldo Niyaz

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-340
Author(s):  
A. Akynbekova
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Language History ◽  
Literature History ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Language Literature

Moldo Niyaz is a person who has a unique place in the Kyrgyz language, literature, history and culture. He is the ancestor of the development of the form of written literary language in the nineteenth century. His work Sanat Digarasttar is of great importance as one of the priceless documents that makes it possible to reflect on the state of the language, almost in the previous century and a half and on the written monuments of the Kyrgyz language for linguistic science in the middle of the XIX century. Artistic and aesthetic value, dignity, all the beauty of Sanat songs left by the author are reflected in the language features. Therefore, in order to learn the written technologies of the ancient Kyrgyz peoples, it is necessary to study the language features of the works of Moldo Niyaz from different sides. Based on this direction, the article makes a comparative analysis of the grammatical local language features of the language in the work of akyn with the modern Kyrgyz literary language. Scientific works of researchers in this direction,devoted to dialects, such turkologists as K. K. Yudakhin, B. M. Yunusaliev, I. A. Batmanov, T. K. Akhmatov, Zh. Mukambaev, G. Bakinova, E. Abduldaev, K. Beknazarov, Sh. Zhaparov, K. Kyrbashev, A. Biyaliev, Zh. Zhumaliev, T. Sydykov were the scientific and theoretical foundations of our work. Thus, the study and definition of such issues as the emergence of the Kyrgyz literary language, history, development of the language-this is today also one of the main problems. When solving these problems, the issue of research of the works of pischuschih akyns before the October revolution can become the main linguistic base. From this point of view, it is necessary to study from different sides the works of akynovkak Moldo Niyaz, the written language of regional use, especially the XIX–XX centuries before the formation of the Kyrgyz people as a nationality.

scholarly journals Hypermnesia of Euphoria or Any Other Desired, from the Point of View of the Consumer, Psychotropic Effect as the Initial and leading link in the Occurrence and Maintaining the Body’s Dependence on Psychoactive Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Psychotropic Effect ◽  
Type Classification

The work shows the role of the autonomic nervous system in functioning of long-term memory, the identity of functioning of the mechanisms of long-term memory in the evolutionary adaptation of a man and dependence on psychoactive substances. It is shown that the dependences of the body on psychoactive substances are the states of progredient adaptation, that the states of dependence of the organism on psychoactive substances and on psychogenic psychoactive factors are the states of the same type. Classification of psychoactive factors is given. It is proposed to create a new branch of medicine combining study of the body’s dependence both on chemical and psychogenic psychoactive factors. Onomastic definitions to be used in this new branch of medicine are presented.

scholarly journals III. On the structure and development of vascular dentine

1878 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 25-47 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mammalian Teeth

The minute structure and the development of that variety of dentine which is met with in most mammalian teeth, and which goes by the name of hard or unvascular dentine, have been repeatedly and very carefully worked out, and our knowledge of their intimate nature is quite on a par with our knowledge of that of the tissues of other parts of the body. But the intimate structure of those interesting and, from a morphological point of view, important varieties of dentine, known as vaso-dentine and osteo-dentine, is but very imperfectly known; in point of fact, whilst the arrangement of the tubes and channels which permeate their substance has been satisfactorily described by many observers, so far as it can be studied in sections of dried teeth, next to nothing is with any certainty known as to the contents of these channels, nor as to the manner in which they were formed. In this paper I propose to give the results of a series of observations upon the development of vascular dentine, and the relation which it, in its completed condition, bears to the dental pulp; and I hope to be able to place the nomenclature and classification of the varieties of dentine upon a more satisfactory basis, by bringing them into accordance with the facts elicited by a study of development, which at present they are not.

scholarly journals A Chinese regard oblique

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003-1013
Author(s):  
Alessandra C. Lavagnino
Keyword(s):  
Information Sources ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Vast Range

Abstract The wealth of topics and the vast range of themes dealt during the Zurich Workshop have stimulated me to propose some preliminary remarks coming from a Chinese point of view. The difficulty of dealing with different set of words and different way of classifying things makes it necessary to provide some basic information, sources and insights into how such fundamental issues as the power of writing, the categorisation of knowledge, and the preeminence of the role of the traditional Classic texts in intellectual, political and administrative life were developed in ancient China. The written language was an empowering language. The privilege of mastering the Classical texts and the ability to write elegantly made success in the imperial exams possible, allowing the scholar to become a member of the powerful élite. This explains the close link established in China between the exercice of power and the literary language. The need to provide the necessary tools to acquire this ability became the main incentive for the production of a set of texts such as dictionaries, glossaries, thesaurus, and encyclopaedias or “books according to categories”. In these texts the world of knowledge was ordered according to categories which were functional and useful for the preservation of imperial power in the hands of loyal bureaucrats, carefully selected through the perfect machinery of the examinations, to perpetuate the “mandate of heaven” throughout the centuries.

scholarly journals Representation of the concept “money” in phraseological units of the Finnish and Erzia languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Ekaterina D. Karpunina
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semantic Feature ◽  
Lexical Analysis ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Actual Material ◽  
Linguistic Means

Introduction. The article examines the ways of representing the concept of “money” on the material of phraseological units of the Finnish and Erzia languages in a comparative aspect. It employs the model of conceptual analysis, which is based on the comparison of phraseological units of two distant languages. The purpose of the article is to identify the linguistic means of expression of the concept “money” on the material of phraseological units of each of the required language, and find out how the concept of “money” is represented in the linguistic, cognitive and cultural space of the nations. The study of phraseological fund of languages from the point of view of the representation of a concept is of great importance in linguistics. Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, the article uses descriptive and comparative methods, a method of conceptual analysis developed independently in the course of the study, as well as techniques of component and etymological analysis. The actual material is obtained as a result of using the method of continuous sampling from phraseological dictionaries of the Finnish and Erzia languages. Results and Discussion. This study has allowed to identify the phraseological units that most accurately reflects the concept “money” in the Finnish and Erzia languages; select the frequency of duplicate tokens and spend a lexical analysis of their dictionary definitions; to make their own model of concept analysis to explore the identified language material taking into account semantic basis, and to submit to the lexical-semantic classification of phraseological units based on the material of the Finnish and Erzia languages. Conclusion. During the study, 62 Finnish and 35 Erzya phraseological units were identified and analyzed, 17 most frequently occurring nuclear lexemes were identified, which allowed us to conclude that the concept of “money” is similar in the minds of the Finnish and Erzia peoples. As a result of the analysis, a classification was made based on the lexical and semantic feature, including 7 groups of phraseological units.

scholarly journals TO THE HISTORY OF USING UDMURT LEXICAL DIALECTISMS IN EARLY TEXTS AND PATHS TO THEIR SYNONYMIZATION (Using example words with the meaning ’to deceive’)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-803
Author(s):  
V.K. Kel'makov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Subsequent Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
The 19Th Century

Due to the lack of a common Udmurt written language, the translated texts of the first half of the 19th century and the subsequent time up to the beginning of the 20th century were formally oriented towards the native speakers of separate Udmurt dialects and therefore, they were mainly based on the Sarapul, Glazov, Kazan, Yelabuga and other dialects. However, in most cases, these translated texts - even the earliest ones - were linguistically different in various degrees from the spoken variant of the original basic dialects, since translators and editors were forced to incorporate linguistic elements from other dialects, firstly, in order to make these translations accessible for the majority of the Udmurt readers, and secondly, to enhance the expressive capabilities of the literary Udmurt language. Consequently, even the very first as well as the following Udmurt translations of Russian and (partially) Christian Tatar religious texts introduced various dialectal inclusions, especially lexical ones. The article discusses the ways and methods of using inter-dialectical lexical parallels with special attention to one of them, consisting of lexical units with the common meaning “to deceive” (in the clerical literature also “seduce, tempt”): southern aldani̮, peripheral southern and central örekč́ani̮ and northern pöjani̮. In the end, these specific words and a number of other inter-dialectal correspondences close to each other in meaning were subjected in the Udmurt literary language to full or partial synonymization, as evidenced by the language of Udmurt printed materials of recent decades.

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