scholarly journals Temporal evolution of human mercury exposure in the Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarisse Vasconcellos Serra ◽  
Wllyane da Silva Figueiredo ◽  
José Vicente Elias Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Hair Matrix ◽  
Selection Of

Due to the current global attention to mercury exposure and toxicity, as well as its various consequences on ecosystems and human health, new scientometric tools help to better understand the issues involved. In this literature research, studies of the risk of human exposure to mercury in populations of the Brazilian Amazon biome in the last three decades were contemplated using scientometric techniques, bibliographic docking, authors, citations, and keywords. The analyses of the period from 1991 to 2019 enabled the selection of 130 articles. There was the identification of the main research institutions, classification and interrelations of the main thematic axes of the studies in the Amazon biome and most cited authors. The most referenced articles on this theme and the main bioindicators were ordered. The results show that most of the studies were carried out along rivers and with riverside populations. In the sample universe, there is a predominance of localities on the Tapajós and Madeira Rivers. Most researchers work only with internal partnerships, without interaction with other scientific groups. The hair matrix is the main bioindicator of Hg exposure used by the authors. For future perspective, this paper has the potential to represent a general temporal understanding of human exposure to mercury in the Amazon and its main bioindicators.

scholarly journals Uncovering Prospective Role and Applications of Existing and New Nutraceuticals from Bacterial, Fungal, Algal and Cyanobacterial, and Plant Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3671
Author(s):  
Jameel R. Al-Obaidi ◽  
Khalid H. Alobaidi ◽  
Bilal Salim Al-Taie ◽  
David Hong-Sheng Wee ◽  
Hasnain Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Biological Sources ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Plant Sources ◽  
Health And Well Being

Nutraceuticals are a category of products more often associated with food but having pharmaceuticals property and characteristics. However, there is still no internationally accepted concept of these food-pharmaceutical properties, and their interpretation can differ from country to country. Nutraceuticals are used as part of dietary supplements in most countries. They can be phytochemicals which are biologically active and have health benefits. These can be supplied as a supplement and/or as a functional food to the customer. For human health and longevity, these materials are likely to play a vital role. Consumption of these items is typical without a therapeutic prescription and/or supervision by the vast majority of the public. The development of nutraceuticals can be achieved through many bioresources and organisms. This review article will discuss the current research on nutraceuticals from different biological sources and their potential use as an agent for improving human health and well-being, as well as the gaps and future perspective of research related to nutraceutical development.

scholarly journals Selection of morphoagronomic descriptors for the characterization of accessions of cassava of the Eastern Brazilian Amazon

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Silva ◽  
E.F. Moura ◽  
J.T. Farias-Neto ◽  
C.A.S. Ledo ◽  
J.E. Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Longitudinal Study of Mercury Exposure Biomarkers Among Newborns and Their Mothers in the Brazilian Amazon

Epidemiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. S13
Author(s):  
V Camara ◽  
E Santos ◽  
I M Jesus ◽  
E Brabo ◽  
K Fayal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Exposure Biomarkers

scholarly journals Economic Impacts on Human Health Resulting from the Use of Mercury in the Illegal Gold Mining in the Brazilian Amazon: A Methodological Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11869
Author(s):  
Leonardo Barcellos de Bakker ◽  
Pedro Gasparinetti ◽  
Júlia Mello de Queiroz ◽  
Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Methodological Assessment

Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in the Amazon results in the dumping of tons of mercury into the environment annually. Despite consensus on the impacts of mercury on human health, there are still unknowns regarding: (i) the extent to which mercury from ASGM can be dispersed in the environment until it becomes toxic to humans; and (ii) the economic value of losses caused by contamination becomes evident. The main objective of this study is to propose a methodology to evaluate the impacts of ASGM on human health in different contexts in the Brazilian Amazon. We connect several points in the literature based on hypotheses regarding mercury dispersion in water, its transformation into methylmercury, and absorption by fish and humans. This methodology can be used as a tool to estimate the extent of environmental damage caused by artisanal gold mining, the severity of damage to the health of individuals contaminated by mercury and, consequently, can contribute to the application of fines to environmental violators. The consequences of contamination are evaluated by dose-response functions relating to mercury concentrations in hair and the development of the following health outcomes: (i) mild mental retardation, (ii) acute myocardial infarction, and (iii) hypertension. From disability-adjusted life years and statistical life value, we found that the economic losses range from 100,000 to 400,000 USD per kilogram of gold extracted. A case study of the Yanomami indigenous land shows that the impacts of mercury from illegal gold mining in 2020 totaled 69 million USD, which could be used by local authorities to compensate the Yanomami people.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN BAKU KECERDASAN JAMAK ANAK USIA DINI

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Martini Jamaris
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Spatial Intelligence ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Intrapersonal Intelligence ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: This reasearch was done in the form of research and development. The reason underlied the selection of the reasearch method was because the purpose of the reseacrh was to develop a valid and realiable instrument which can be used to measure the multiple-intellegences of the 4-5 years old childen. The multiple-intelligences measured were consisted of eigth dimensions, there were: verbal/linguistic intelligence, logical mathematical intelligence, visual spatial intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, bodily/kinesthetic intellgence, music/rythmic intelligence and naturalist intelligence. Based on the need in researching and developing, therefore, the study was conducted in two faces, as folowed : (1) the first face was literature research aiming to analyzed and synthesis concepts, principles, and theories. The result of the literature study was used formulte the construct of multiple intelligences, especially for the 4-5 years old children; (2) the second face was to define and to develop the valid and reliable multiple intelligences instrument for the 4-5 years old children. Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode research and Development. Alasan pemilihan metode tersebut karena tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan validitas dan reliabilitas suatu instrumen yang bisa digunakan untuk mengukur kecerdasan majemuk anak usia 4-5 tahun. Kecerdasan majemuk dikur dengan delapan dimensi, yaitu: kecerdasan bahasa/verbal, kecerdasan logika matematika, kecerdasan visual, kecerdasan intrapersonal, kecerdasan interpersonal, kecerdasan gerak/kinestetik, kecerdasan musik, dan kecerdasan natural. Berdasarkan penelitian dan pengembangan, oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap, yaitu: (1) tahap pertama adalah penelitian literatur yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mensintesis konsep, prinsip, dan teori. Hasil dari penelitian literatur digunakannnya rumus untuk mengkonstruksi kecerdasan majemuk. Khususnya anak usia 4-5 tahum, (2) tahap kedua yaitu mendefinisikan dan mengembangkan validitas dan reliabiltas instrumen kecerdasan majemuk untuk anak usia 4-5 tahun. Kata Kunci: penelitian dan pengembangan, kecerdasan majemuk, instrumen validitas dan reliabilitas, anak usia 4-5 tahun, penelitian literatur, mendefinisikan dan mengembangkan

The spatio-temporal evolution of groundwater dependent precipitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Passet ◽  
Lan Wang-Erlandsson ◽  
Yoshihide Wada ◽  
Agnes Pranindita ◽  
Agatha De Boer
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Selection Of

<div><span>A<strong> </strong>substantial portion of groundwater abstracted from aquifers is used for irrigation and evaporated to the atmosphere, potentially contributing towards downwind precipitation. While the fate of evaporation fluxes from land have been analysed, the atmospheric pathways of evaporation originating from groundwater have not yet been globally quantified. This study analysed the geographical distribution, the seasonality and the magnitude of groundwater-dependent precipitation (Pgw) </span><span>at a global scale and for a selection of countries and river basins. The Eulerian moisture tracking WAM-2layers model was used to process meteorological and groundwater abstraction input data from 1980 to 2010.  Results show considerable contributions of groundwater to precipitation downwind of the most heavily irrigated areas, leading to net groundwater losses over these areas. Globally, 40% of the Pgw </span><span>precipitates directly in the oceans, and do not contribute to biomass production in terrestrial ecosystems. Some of the countries with the highest rates of groundwater abstraction (India, the USA, Pakistan and Iran), receive low volumes of Pgw </span><span>and are net losers of groundwater resources. The countries with the highest net gain of groundwater are China, Canada and Russia. At river basin scale, the Indus, Ganges and Mississippi basins are net losers of groundwater to downwind Pgw</span><span>, while the Yangtze, Tarim and Brahmaputra basins receive more Pgw </span><span>than their groundwater withdrawals. The share of precipitation that originates from groundwater varies considerably with seasons, and can be especially high when low local precipitation levels occur in combination with high upwind groundwater abstraction. Furthermore, precipitation dependence on </span><span>groundwater (ρgw)</span><span>, has steadily increased between 1980 to 2010 in all studied areas and globally. Our study suggests that the countries and basins with a high and increasing dependency on ρgw </span><span>to support their precipitation can be vulnerable to groundwater availability upwind.</span></div>

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a new challenge in untreated wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Kumar Chaudhry ◽  
Payal Sachdeva
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 12 March 2020. As of 27 May 2020, WHO statistics exhibited that more than five million confirmed cases have been reported globally. Much remains unclear about the fate and impact of SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus 2019, in wastewater. SARS-CoV-2 infection, the etiologic agent of the current COVID-19 pandemic, is followed by virus shedding in the stool. The quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, therefore, enables monitoring of the prevalence of infections among the population through wastewater-based epidemiology. This review discusses the possible spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewater and its impact on human health, if any. The information and resources outlined in this paper are based on recently published studies and provide information to decision-makers on the successful management of COVID-19 and reduce the risk of human exposure to COVID-19. Additionally, systems-based approaches to curtail COVID-19 spread are also discussed.

A critical review on the potential impacts of neonicotinoid insecticide use: current knowledge of environmental fate, toxicity, and implications for human health

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1315-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrin A. Thompson ◽  
Hans-Joachim Lehmler ◽  
Dana W. Kolpin ◽  
Michelle L. Hladik ◽  
John D. Vargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide

The review examines literature relevant to environmental fate, transformation, and toxicity, and human exposure and health risks of neonicotinoid insecticides.

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