scholarly journals Destabilizing intervention in EU dairy markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Mieczysław Olipra
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Dairy Markets ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Skimmed Milk Powder ◽  
Price Spread ◽  
The Eu

Butter and skimmed milk powder (SMP) are considered to be primary dairy commodities as they enable storage of fat and protein. The spread between butter and SMP prices in the European Union (EU) has been stable for many years. However, in 2016, butter prices suddenly increased to reach extremely high levels while SMP prices remained low. As a consequence, the price spread between milk fat and protein has surged, leading to severe imbalance in the EU dairy market. Some professionals argue that the main reason for this occurrence are large intervention stocks of SMP accumulated by the European Commission (EC) which weigh on prices. Nevertheless, no one has yet proved the existence of a causal relationship between the intervention stocks accumulated by the EC and the butter/SMP price spread. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to test that hypothesis. The causality between the EC intervention stocks and the butter/SMP price spread was tested using the Granger causality approach. The results show that the difference between butter and SMP intervention stocks accumulated by the EC Granger-causes the butter/SMP price spread while there is no causality in the opposite direction, which supports the hypothesis tested.

Turkey and Europe: The Role of Migration

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Pieter Emmer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Turkish Immigrants ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Eu

In spite of the fact that negotiations have been going on for years, the chances that Turkey will eventually become a full member of the European Union are slim. At present, a political majority among the EU-member states headed by Germany seems to oppose Turkey entering the EU. In the Netherlands, however, most political parties are still in favour of Turkey's membership. That difference coincides with the difference in the position of Turkish immigrants in German and Dutch societies.

14. Interest Groups and the European Union

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-218
Author(s):  
Rainer Eising
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Group System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group Structures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the role of interest groups in European Union (EU) politics. It also considers the way in which the EU institutions influence interest group structures and activities. The chapter begins with an overview of the relationship between the EU institutions and interest groups and examines the steps taken thus far to regulate that relationship. It then looks at the evolution and the structure of the interest group system, focusing in particular on two salient aspects: the difference between national and EU organizations; and the difference between specific and diffuse interests.

scholarly journals THE MOLDOVAN BANK FRAUD (2012-2015). A process tracing analysis of the Moldovan $1 billion money laundering

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-107
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Eu

In the 2012-2015 period, $1 billion have been stolen from three Moldovan banks, which is the equivalent of 12% of the country’s GDP. The highly fraudulent environment in the RM allowed for the successful application of fraudulent schemes for three years, without it being seized and frozen. This paper seeks to decipher the schemes that were applied as well as argue how the integration into the European Union would have lowered the corruption and thereby prevent the fraud from happening. Even though several scholars discussed the bank fraud and how it affected the relationship between Moldova and the EU, they do not address how the steps of integration into the European Union could gradually regulate the level of corruption in the RM and subsequently eliminate the possible methods of committing the bank fraud. Through a comparative analysis of Romania and the Republic of Moldova, I aim to demonstrate that the difference between the level of corruption and the stability of the banking system in these two countries is due to EU membership. Further, through secondary analysis of qualitative data, and semi-constructed interviews, I conclude that, in theory, my argument holds – the instruments the EU applies on the candidate countries would not have allowed the fraudulent schemes to be put into action. However, the EU failed to apply the conditionality concept on Romania and thus, it is possible that the money laundering in the RM could have happened even if it had been a member of the EU.

scholarly journals Features of EU Involvement in the Negotiation Process on the Transnistrian Settlement (1994–2005)

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
Nina Shevchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The West ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Economic Tools ◽  
Official Status ◽  
The Eu

The theme of the article is the EU participation in the transnistrian settlement with an emphasis on its observer status in the 5+2 format. It covers the period from the beginning of the negotiation process in 1994 until the EU gained observer status in 2005. Based on historical material, the author shows how the EU was gradually involved in the Transnistrian settlement process and how European mediation evolved, using political and economic tools more actively than the methods of traditional diplomacy. The author identified factors that affect the EU's interaction with the parties to the conflict and including – Russia. At the same time, the author focused on the tools used by the European Union in the conflict region even before its official involvement in the negotiations, including the introduction of sanctions against the leadership of Transnistria. The article also explores the essence of the institution of observer on the example of the EU participation in the negotiations in the "5+2" format. It is shown that the external participants in the negotiations on the Transnistrian settlement are equal, despite the difference in their official status. The Europeanization of the Transnistrian settlement failed to energies the negotiation process and increase its productivity, but it allowed the European Union to test new mediation tools, optimize approaches to the settlement of a modern international conflict, and strengthen its position in the conflict region, which remains a zone of geopolitical competition between Russia and the West.

To Characteristic the Uneven Economic Development of the European Union

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
V.S. Osipov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Econometric Modeling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Eu

The article attempts to econometric modeling of the influence of a complex of factors on the volume and dynamics of the economies of the member States of the European Union, taking into account their differentiation. The main results of the author’s research are as follows. First, the fundamental coincidence of trends in the EU GDP dynamics with global trends and the presence of a strong negative impact on this dynamics of the global crisis of the late 2000s have been established. Secondly, it is once again confirmed that there is a significant differentiation between the founding States of the EU and the countries that joined it after 1990, expressed in a significant excess of macroeconomic indicators of the first group of countries of similar indicators of the second group. Thirdly, the difference between the combinations of factors influencing economic development in the two groups of EU countries is revealed, which once again testifies to the bloc nature of the EU structure.

scholarly journals SEGRO and its Aftermath

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-88
Author(s):  
Xavier Groussot ◽  
Niels Kirst ◽  
Patrick Leisure
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Case Note ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
National Courts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Legislative Reforms ◽  
The Eu

The Court ofJustice ofthe European Union’s (CJEU, Court) SEGRO judgment is more than just a recent addition to the debate on the so-called rule of law crisis in the European Union. As this case note shows, SEGRO touches on the most fundamental aspects of the European Union and its relation to the Member States. From an economic perspective, the Court in SEGRO’s treatment ofproperty rights and the ability ofeconomic actors to rely on their lawfully concluded contracts forms the undercurrent of economic investment in the Union. From a functional perspective, the case is perhaps indicative of a wider change in the role of the Court with respect to national courts’ margin of discretion. From a normative perspective, SEGRO gives rise to an important discussion on the difference between fundamental rights and economic freedoms in the EU since the entering into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, as well as ‘constitutional homogeneity’ in the EU after Hungary’s legislative reforms. Finally, from an evolutionary perspective, SEGRO marks another iteration in perhaps a wider shift in the trajectory of the Court with respect to questions that menace the integrity of the functioning of the European Union. This case note first examines the background (I) and facts of the case (II). Then it analyses the Opinion of the Advocate General (III) and the findings of the Court (IV). It concludes with a discussion based not only on an analysis of the SEGRO case (V), but also going beyond the case by analysing the most recent jurisprudential developments concerning Hungary and the issue of the (non-respect) of the Rule of Law in the European Union(VI).

scholarly journals A Conceptual Understanding of EU Sectoral Administrative Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herwig C H Hofmann ◽  
Gerard C Rowe ◽  
Alexander H Türk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Eu

Any attempt to survey the sectoral administrative law of the European Union begs a number of fundamental questions. First, how do we understand ‘administrative law’, especially in relation to a supranational structure and system, such as that of the Union? Secondly, what exactly might we understand by ‘sectoral’ or ‘specialized’ administrative law, again especially in the context of the EU? Thirdly, just what is the difference between European Union law as such, and its administrative law. These distinctions, and the definitions attempted, are not addressed here just as scholarly abstractions. We take the view that understanding them and differentiating between these terms will make clear from the outset what this book attempts to cover, especially with respect to the concepts of both general EU administrative law and specialized EU administrative law employed here (which may or may not be similar to conceptualizations found in national contexts where these terms are employed).

scholarly journals TRANSLATION PECULIARITIES OF THE ABBREVIATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL AND PAEDAGOGICAL ORGANIZATIONS OF THE EU COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
N. V. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Full Form ◽  
Important Means ◽  
The Difference ◽  
English Competence ◽  
The Eu

Translation of professional vocabulary forms the basis of scientific translation, is an important means of intercultural communication, and constantly attracts the attention of researchers, actualization of the issue of foreign language scientific communication and cooperation. Of particular relevance is the acquisition of the process of comparative studies that provide an analytical component in the description and description of two or more educational systems, and therefore an important role is played by the English competence of the researcher. The study presents the peculiarities of the translation of abbreviations of educational and pedagogical organizations and institutions of the EU countries. The author established that the abbreviations of pedagogical subjects can be divided into three main groups: the names of organizations, structures, documents; abbreviations used to indicate the educational process and related methodological and methodological terms; reductions used in professional communication between educators, academics and practitioners. Since the uniqueness of stable phrases. The study also found that the main features of the translation of abbreviations of educational and pedagogical organizations of the European Union are: transformation by adding or lowering words, differences in the use of singular and plural in the English and Ukrainian languages, the difference between the translation of individual abstract concepts, the names of individual educational organizations , names of some organizations that carry out educational policy and influence the specifics of the functioning of educational institutions, differences in the expression of collective concepts. The author determines that the best ways of translating abbreviations of educational and pedagogical organizations of the European Union into the Ukrainian language are: translation of the corresponding full form of a word or phrase, direct borrowing method, descriptive method, transcoding of the abbreviation.

scholarly journals Price changes of dairy products in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 373-381
Author(s):  
Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska ◽  
Piotr Bórawski ◽  
Marta Guth ◽  
Andrzej Parzonko ◽  
Tomasz Rokicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Whey Powder ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Whole Milk Powder ◽  
The Eu

This article presents changes in the prices of milk and other dairy products in the European Union (EU). First, the descriptive statistics of the prices of milk and dairy products are presented, and then correlation and regression analyses were conducted to measure the relationships between the prices. We used the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model to measure the stationarity and changes in dairy product prices in the EU. At the EU level, we checked the changes in prices of butter, skim milk powder, whole milk powder, Cheddar, Edam, Gouda, Emmental and whey powder. Our analysis confirmed that the butter, skim milk powder, whole milk powder, Cheddar, Edam and Gouda processes depend on previous values. The biggest price changes were observed in whey powder (34.12%), butter (24.46%) and skim milk powder (21.78%).

scholarly journals POVERTY AS A HETEROGENEITY FACTOR IN EU COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Vesna Janković-Milić ◽  
Vinko Lepojević ◽  
Jelena Stanković
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Eu

Measuring poverty is of utmost importance for any economy in order to look at the extent and causes of the vulnerability of the population, but also to formulate social and economic policy measures and measure their effects. The multidimensionality of poverty makes it difficult to quantify and measure it. The subject of research is the components of the AROPE (At risk of poverty and social exclusion) indicator in the countries of the European Union (EU). Using the cluster analysis, the EU countries were grouped into homogeneous units, after which the significance of the difference in the average values of the analyzed indicators was tested. Based on the obtained results, the hypothesis of pronounced heterogeneity of EU countries from the aspect of poverty was confirmed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document