scholarly journals A multivariate probit analysis for indigenous chicken ownership at household level: The case of Alice communal area, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mukarumbwa ◽  
Amon Taruvinga ◽  
Avela Madikizela
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Multivariate Probit ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Indigenous Chickens ◽  
Communal Area

African indigenous chickens (IC) though commonly kept by households in rural areas for consumption and sale, their contribution to rural livelihoods is generally overlooked. Literature suggests that IC production plays a vital role in rural communities of South Africa as an important source of animal protein and income. Despite these claimed benefits, production of indigenous chickens in Alice and other parts of South Africa’s rural areas is very low. This study used a cross-sectional survey of 120 households who keep IC in Alice communal area. The multivariate probit model was employed to investigate the factors that determine the choice of indigenous chicken owned by rural households. Results reveal that, gender, age, household size, association membership, access to formal markets, access to veterinary services, access to informal credit, access to formal credit and diversity score drive ownership of different indigenous chickens at household level. Thus far, the paper argues that, promotion of ownership of indigenous chicken at household level calls for strategic institutional alignment and a clear understanding of social demographic characteristics of the targeted community, which should be supported by several awareness campaigns and client based selection of indigenous chicken breeds of socio-economic importance to the household.

scholarly journals SELF-REPORTED MALARIA AND MOSQUITO AVOIDANCE IN RELATION TO HOUSEHOLD RISK FACTORS IN A KENYAN COASTAL CITY

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH KEATING ◽  
KATE MACINTYRE ◽  
CHARLES M. MBOGO ◽  
JOHN I. GITHURE ◽  
JOHN C. BEIER
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Factors ◽  
History Of

A geographically stratified cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2002 to investigate household-level factors associated with use of mosquito control measures and self-reported malaria in Malindi, Kenya. A total of 629 households were surveyed. Logistic regressions were used to analyse the data. Half of all households (51%) reported all occupants using an insecticide-treated bed net and at least one additional mosquito control measure such as insecticides or removal of standing water. Forty-nine per cent reported a history of malaria in the household. Of the thirteen household factors analysed, low (OR=0·23, CI 0·11, 0·48) and medium (OR=0·50, CI 0·29, 0·86) education, mud–wood–coral (OR=0·0·39, CI 0·24, 0·66) and mud block–plaster (OR=0·47, CI 0·25, 0·87) wall types, farming (OR=1·38, CI 1·01, 1·90) and travel to rural areas (OR=0·48, CI 0·26, 0·91) were significantly associated with the use of mosquito control, while controlling for other covariates in the model. History of reported malaria was not associated with the use of mosquito control (OR=1·22, CI 0·79, 1·88). Of the thirteen covariates analysed in the second model, only two household factors were associated with history of malaria: being located in the well-drained stratum (OR=0·49, CI 0·26, 0·96) and being bitten while in the house (OR=1·22, CI 0·19, 0·49). These results suggest that high socioeconomic status is associated with increased household-level mosquito control use, although household-level control may not be enough, as many people are exposed to biting mosquitoes while away from the house and in areas that are more likely to harbour mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Individual-, maternal- and household-level factors associated with stunting among children aged 0–23 months in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabuj Kanti Mistry ◽  
Md. Belal Hossain ◽  
Fouzia Khanam ◽  
Fahmida Akter ◽  
Mahmood Parvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Factors Associated

AbstractObjectiveChildhood stunting remains a major public health concern in Bangladesh. To accelerate the reduction rate of stunting, special focus is required during the first 23 months of a child’s life when the bulk of growth takes place. Therefore the present study explored individual-, maternal- and household-level factors associated with stunting among children under 2 years of age in Bangladesh.DesignData were collected through a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted between October 2015 and January 2016. A two-stage cluster random sampling procedure was applied to select 11 428 households. In the first stage, 210 enumerations areas (EA) were selected with probability proportional to EA size (180 EA from rural areas, thirty EA from urban slums). In the second stage, an average of fifty-four households were selected from each EA through systematic random sampling.SettingRural areas and urban slums of Bangladesh.ParticipantsA total of 6539 children aged 0–23 months.ResultsOverall, 29·9 % of the children were stunted. After adjusting for all potential confounders in the modified Poisson regression model, child’s gender, birth weight (individual level), maternal education, age at first pregnancy, nutrition (maternal level), administrative division, place of residence, socio-economic status, food security status, access to sanitary latrine and toilet hygiene condition (household level) were significantly associated with stunting.ConclusionsThe study identified a number of potentially addressable multilevel risk factors for stunting among young children in Bangladesh that should be addressed through comprehensive multicomponent interventions.

scholarly journals Knowledge and predictors of retention of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among users in rural areas of Nadia district, West Bengal, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4976
Author(s):  
Jitu Sharma ◽  
Jayita Pal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive Device ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive

Background: Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) is a safe, highly effective postpartum contraceptive, yet to be popularized at the community level in a diversified developing country like India where still the unmet need for spacing remains high. This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding PPIUCD among users and the predictors of its retention.Methods: A case-control study had been conducted using multi-stage sampling technique in Nadia district of West Bengal. Face to face interviews of the cases and the controls had been done with the help of a predesigned pretested semi-structured schedule. Data were entered in MS Excel and analysed in SPSS 20.0 version.Results: Majority of the acceptors (55.2%) had poor knowledge regarding PPIUCD. Most of the participants (62.2%) retained their PPIUCD at least for 6 months. Acceptors who belonged to Hindu religion, higher socio-economic class (I and II), nuclear family, educated up to or above secondary level, ever counselled on PPIUCD, satisfied using that in day to day life, undergone follow-up visits and had correct knowledge regarding different aspects of PPIUCD had higher odds of retention of PPIUCD.Conclusions: Regular awareness campaigns, counselling at household level, advocacy are the utmost needs of the hour to motivate the eligible couple for its acceptance and retention.

scholarly journals Food-borne disease prevalence in rural villages in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanya Z. Bisholo ◽  
Shanaz Ghuman ◽  
Firoza Haffejee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Food Borne

Background: The highest burden of food-borne diseases is in Africa. Despite this, food safety does not seem to be a major concern in many African countries. There is also a lack of concern within rural areas of South Africa.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of food-borne diseases in rural areas in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, by comparing data obtained from a cross-sectional survey and clinic records.Setting: The study was conducted in Ncera, Mpongo and Needscamp villages in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.Methods: In the first phase of the study, a random sample of household heads (n = 87) were interviewed to determine the prevalence of food-borne diseases between 2012 and 2014. In the second phase, registers from clinics serving the villages were screened for food-borne disease cases during the same time period.Results: A total of 109 (27.3%) household members fell ill because of food-borne diseases. Half (n = 56; 51.3%) of the respondents who fell ill because of food-borne diseases did not seek medical treatment for their illness. Of those who sought treatment, 19 (46%) attended primary health care clinics. However, examination of the clinic registers showed only four recorded cases of food-borne diseases.Conclusion: The prevalence of food-borne diseases in rural villages in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, was reported as high but the records in clinic registers are low, indicating a gap in the health care system. Monitoring of these diseases needs to improve.

Food-Coping Strategy Index Applied to a Community of Farm-Worker Households in South Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozanne Kruger ◽  
Hettie Carina Schönfeldt ◽  
Johanna Hendriena Owen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Farm Worker ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Stress ◽  
Side Dishes

Background In South Africa, households living in informal urban settlements, in rural areas, and on commercial farms experience various levels of dietary variety, food intake, and household hunger. Low incomes, poor food production and availability, and low spending power characterize these households. Households employ various food-coping strategies to alleviate food stress or poor food availability. Objective To apply an existing food-coping strategy (FCS) index to assess household hunger and its usefulness in identifying the level of food stress and the patterns of food coping in farm-worker households. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Data were gathered from women (18 to 57 years of age) responsible for food provision in a small farm-worker community in Fouriesburg, South Africa. A structured food-coping questionnaire and a standardized FCS index were used to gather data. Results The two most common FCS used were relying on cheaper food (chicken feet, diluted soya-mince soup) or less preferred food (meat bones) and employing food-seeking strategies (gathering wild foods), followed by consumption of seed stock (maize) and reduced portion sizes (protein foods and side dishes), resulting in starch-based diets of poor variety. Seasonal strategies varied according to the level of food stress experienced. Patterns of food coping were identified. Conclusions Negative FCS (limiting food choices, only consuming starchy staples) may cause poor health status. The FCS index was effectively used to assess farm-worker household food-coping behavior (early, clear signals of the level of food distress). These results could be used to allocate appropriate food aid (type of food) and to design nutrition education programs focused on positive FCS (food gathering or bartering) in a particular community to prevent suboptimal nutritional status.

scholarly journals May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_B) ◽  
pp. B134-B137
Author(s):  
Angela J Woodiwiss ◽  
Lebo F Gafane-Matemane ◽  
Gavin R Norton ◽  
Lisa Uys ◽  
Caitlynd Myburgh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Hypertension Awareness ◽  
Temporary Solution ◽  
Global Initiative ◽  
General Populations

Abstract Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative of the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) aimed at raising awareness of high BP and acting as a temporary solution to the lack of screening programmes worldwide. As part of MMM, screening in South Africa in 2017 and 2018 revealed that approximately one-third of adults had hypertension, that only half of hypertensives were receiving anti-hypertensive therapy and that only a third of those with hypertension had controlled BP. These data highlight the need for continued screening and awareness campaigns. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 years was carried out in May 2019. Blood pressure measurements, the definition of hypertension and statistical analyses followed the MMM protocol. The sites screened were general populations, pharmacies, and university campuses in preference to hospitals and clinics, aiming to raise awareness, and allow access to screening to those less likely to be aware of their BP. Of the 4727 individuals (age 40.9 ± 18.1 years) screened, 31.9% had hypertension. Of those with hypertension, only 42.5% were aware and 36.1% were receiving treatment for hypertension. A large proportion (48.5%) of individuals receiving antihypertensive medication had uncontrolled BP. In conclusion, the high proportions of individuals unaware of their hypertension and with uncontrolled BP highlight the need for hypertension awareness campaigns and more rigorous management of hypertension.

Social Media and the Psychosocial Well-Being of Youths in the Amathole District Municipality, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Alvira Hendricks ◽  
Nkosiyazi Kanjiri
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Depth Interviews

The use of social media in the rural areas of South Africa is growing, with the youth being the prominent users. The growth of social media has incited a growing knowledge about impending forthcoming social events. However, there are concerns about mental illness, such as depression, owing to the increase in social comparison. There is a lack of literature on the use of social media in rural areas. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the effects of social media on the psychosocial well-being of the youth in selected rural areas of the Eastern Cape. The study was conducted in the Amathole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Using a qualitative research approach, 30 youths from the Amathole District Municipality were purposively sampled. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and analysed using a thematic analysis. The findings revealed that using social media has a negative bearing on the psychosocial well-being of the youth owing to the discrepancies between appearance, reality and expectations. Some youths use social media as a means of recreation whereas some use social media as a networking method. The study concluded that the extensive use of social media among the youth can lead to comparison and ultimately depression and, therefore, recommended awareness campaigns on the good use of social media so the youth benefit rather than become victims.

scholarly journals May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_H) ◽  
pp. H115-H118
Author(s):  
Angela J Woodiwiss ◽  
Ruan Kruger ◽  
Gavin R Norton ◽  
Aletta E Schutte ◽  
Caitlynd Myburgh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Hypertension Awareness ◽  
Temporary Solution ◽  
General Populations

Abstract Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative of the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) aimed at raising awareness of high BP and acting as a temporary solution to the lack of screening programmes worldwide. As part of MMM, screening in South Africa in 2017 revealed that 24.5% of adults (mean age = 31 years) have hypertension and only half of those with hypertension had controlled BP. These data highlight the need for continued screening and awareness campaigns. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 years was carried out in May 2018. Blood pressure measurements, the definition of hypertension and statistical analyses followed the MMM protocol. The sites screened were general populations and university campuses in preference to hospitals and clinics, aiming to raise awareness and allow access to screening to those less likely to be aware of their BP. In total, 2965 individuals (age 40.5 ± 18.2 years) were screened. After multiple imputation for missing BP readings, 34.6% had hypertension, only 56.7% of those with hypertension were aware, 21.2% of those not receiving treatment for hypertension were hypertensive, and a large proportion (42.5%) of individuals receiving antihypertensive medication had uncontrolled BP. These results suggest that opportunistic screening campaigns can identify significant numbers with undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension. The high proportions of individuals with undiagnosed and treated uncontrolled hypertension highlight the need for hypertension awareness campaigns and more rigorous management of hypertension.

scholarly journals Development of a Comprehensive Conceptual Framework for Biogas Technology Adoption in South Africa

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Solomon E. Uhunamure ◽  
Nthaduleni S. Nethengwe ◽  
David Tinarwo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Biogas Technology

This article focuses on the development of a conceptual framework guiding the adoption of biogas technology in selected rural areas of the Limpopo province. The theoretical framing of the study emanated from the critical evaluation of models and work that privileged the technical design and optimisation of a biogas system over the adoption of the technology at the household level. Based on the empirical evidence, and using logistic regression analysis, the study highlighted that determinants of biogas technology adoption in communities are complex, context-dependent and spatially varied. Hence, the policy of biogas adoption should be tailored based on the principle of fit-for-purpose, instead of using existing unimodal approaches for all settings. Based on the findings, the study developed a robust conceptual framework that harnesses the relationships between the influencing variables that can enhance the adoption of biogas technology.

scholarly journals Determinants of Customer Perception about adoption of Islamic Insurance (Takaful) in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1505-1516
Author(s):  
Areeba Khan ◽  
Hafiz Abdur Rashid ◽  
Rana Muhammad Shahid Yaqub ◽  
Saba Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Islamic Insurance ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to assess the response level of individuals concerning Islamic Insurance in Pakistan and to measure its outreach and most pertinent factors affecting customer selection of Islamic Insurance. It also seeks to make informed recommendations on empowering frameworks for the establishment of Takaful insurance through relevant marketing campaigns in Pakistan. The impact of factors like Customer Awareness, Consumer Satisfaction, Risk Perception, Compatibility and Religiosity was checked on Adoption of Islamic Insurance in Pakistan, with the presence of Social Influence as a mediating variable. Data were collected through questionnaire administered to 300 respondents, representing the Muslim community from urban as well as rural areas, of Pakistan. Partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) through Smart PLS3 was used to examine the relationships among pertinent factors in this study. The findings suggest that most respondents are either not aware of Takaful as an insurance and investment option, or do not understand the concept altogether. This study suggests that Islamic insurance organizations should focus on awareness campaigns as an essential marketing strategy and dedicated resources to reach prime customer segments in general and fulfil the need to inform people about their products and services through clear understanding of principles of Shariah compliance. The findings of this research have important implications for Takaful companies as well as regulators and general insurance customers.

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