scholarly journals Differences of Motor Proficiency in Preschool Girls Related to Organized Physical Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
Ivana Djordjevic ◽  
Hana Valkova ◽  
Emilija Petkovic
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
Total Test ◽  
Total Test Score

This study purpose was to determine the level of motor competence and differences in motor skills of preschool girls aged 5 to 7 from Serbia according to participation in organized physical activities.  Materials and methods. Ninety-one girls aged 5-7 years (mean  ± 6.4) were divided into three subsamples: control group, rhythmic gymnastics and sports school. Girls were assessed with the MABC-2 test. Descriptive statistics analyzed the basic characteristics of participants according to the level of motor competence. Furthermore, Pearson’s χ2 test for contingency tables, MANOVA and discriminant analysis were employed to find differences in motor proficiency among groups.  Results. Significant differences have been found in girls attending rhythmic gymnastics in aiming & catching on the upper bound of moderate effect size (p < 0.001, η2 = 139), and total test score moderate effect size (p = 0.006, η2 = 0.105) compared to girls who did not participate in organized physical activity. The discrimination coefficient explained the differences in girls in aiming and catching, with a contribution of 41.4%, balance skills with 24%, and a total test score of 22.9%. According to the level of motor competence, 61% from the control group and 40% from the sports school group scored below average in aiming & catching. The total test score of ≥ 50 percentile was achieved by 68.3% of girls in the control group, 84% in the sports school group, and 96% in rhythmic gymnastics.  Conclusion. This study confirms that sports practice contributes to the development of motor capabilities and influences individual differences in children’s scores. Our findings can contribute to understanding how important it is to promote object control skills games for girls and older preschoolers generally.

scholarly journals Relative Age Effect on Motor Competence in Children Aged 4–5 Years

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Rubén Navarro-Patón ◽  
Marcos Mecías-Calvo ◽  
José Eugenio Rodríguez Fernández ◽  
Víctor Arufe-Giráldez
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Movement Assessment ◽  
Total Test ◽  
Total Test Score

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a Relative Age Effect (RAE) exists in motor competence of preschool children. The hypothesis was that motor competence, assessed by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2), would be higher in preschool children born in the first quarter of the year compared to those who were born in the last quarter of the same year. A total of 360 preschool children were evaluated of whom 208 (57.8%) were boys and 152 (42.8%) were girls, with a mean age of 4.52 years old (± 0.50). The distribution of the participants was 172 children aged 4 years old and 188 aged 5 years old. The data showed a main effect on the age factor in the total score of aiming and catching (p < 0.001) and in the total test score (p < 0.001), in the quarter of birth factor in all the dimensions studied (i.e., total score of manual dexterity (p < 0.001); total score of aiming and catching (p = 0.001); total score of balance (p < 0.001); total test score (p < 0.001)) and in the interaction between both factors (i.e., total score of manual dexterity (p = 0.005); total score of aiming and catching (p = 0.002); total score of balance (p < 0.001); total test score (p < 0.001)). Age and quarter of birth produce a RAE in 4 and 5-year-old preschool children’s motor competence.

scholarly journals Effect of a 6-Week Physical Education Intervention on Motor Competence in Pre-School Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1936
Author(s):  
Rubén Navarro-Patón ◽  
Juan Luis Martín-Ayala ◽  
Mariacarla Martí González ◽  
Alba Hernández ◽  
Marcos Mecías-Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
School Children ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Percentile Score ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Test ◽  
Total Test Score

The objective of this research was to analyze the impact of an intervention program performed by a specialist in physical education (PE) to contribute to the development of motor competence (MC) in pre-school children with motor development problems. The sample consisted of 28 children (12 from the intervention group and 16 from the control group) aged between 4.1 and 5.9 years (mean = 4.71 ± 0.54) who were in the fifth and sixth grades of pre-school education in two schools from Lugo, Spain. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) was used for data collection. The data revealed that, in the pre- and post-test intervention groups, there are statistically significant differences in manual dexterity (p < 0.001; d = 2.63), aiming and catching (p < 0.002; d = 1.13), balance (p < 0.001; d = 1.68), total test score (p < 0.001; d = 3.30) and total percentile score (p < 0.001; d = 1.88). Between the control and intervention post-test groups, significant differences were found in manual dexterity (p = 0.015; η2 = 0.22), aiming and catching (p = 0.003; η2 = 0.32), balance (p = 0.050; η2 = 0.15), total test score (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.47) and total percentile score (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.48). Based on the results obtained, a specific MC program implemented by a PE specialist contributed to the improvement of manual dexterity, aiming and catching and balance, as well as a better percentile in the general MC of pre-school children diagnosed with motor skill problems.

scholarly journals Senam Irama Lagu Gizi Seimbang Meningkatkan Kebugaran Pada Anak Sekolah

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Een Juliasti ◽  
Mury Kuswari ◽  
Idrus Jus’at
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Group

Physical activity on students in Jakarta is the lowest if it is compared to various regions in Indonesia. The low physical activity has an impact on the declining of health and fitness so that it affects toward the risk of various non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of gymnastics rhythm of Gizi Seimbang’s song to the level of fitness on students in State Elementary School Kebon Jeruk 08 Pagi West Jakarta. The type of research uses design experimental quasi research with design of Pre test - post test group control design. This design involves two groups of subjects, one is given an experimental group and one group is not enforced (control group). The population of this study are children aged 10-12 years old with 60 respondents (30 students of gymnastic group and 30 control group students) with gymnastics 3x/week for 12 times. Data analysis use t-dependent test, wilcoxon test because the data is not normally distributed. The result of the research shows that there is the influence of rhythmic gymnastics of Gizi Seimbang’s song to the significant fitness level (p value = 0.0001). Based on the results of this study, gymnastics rhythm of Gizi Seimbang’s song increases the level of fitness compared with control group on students in State Elementary School Kebon Jeruk 08 Pagi West Jakarta.

Handling the Neutral Vote in Paired Comparison Product Testing

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanford H. Odesky
Keyword(s):  
Test Score ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Product Testing ◽  
Comparison Test ◽  
Preference Responses ◽  
Total Test ◽  
Total Test Score

The number of “no preference” responses in a paired comparison test can definitely be influenced by the wording of the question. More important, allocation of such responses among the total test score can have serious effects. This article suggests a method for handling the neutral vote.

School-Based High-Intensity Interval Training Programs for Promoting Physical Activity and Fitness in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
André Filipe Paulino da Silva Bento ◽  
Luis Carrasco Páez ◽  
Armando Manuel de Mendonça Raimundo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Purpose: This review aimed to evaluate the utility of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs integrated into physical education classes. Method: Searches of electronic databases from January 2008 to March 2020. Inclusion criteria: Applied to adolescents aged 10–19 years; applied in school settings; reported results on physical fitness, physical activity (PA), and motivation; at least for 4 weeks; and randomized controlled trials. Studies with adolescents with physical or intellectual limitations were excluded, as well as other interventions parallel to HIIT. Results: Fourteen studies were included. All works present significant improvements in physical fitness and PA. Improvements in body composition recorded, at most, a moderate effect size. HIIT is presented as a powerful stimulus on cardiorespiratory fitness. Improvements in PA registered, a least, a moderate effect size. Conclusions: HIIT in the school context has great potential in improving physical fitness and PA in adolescents. HIIT efficiency (about 10 min) reflects the wide applicability that these protocols can have in physical education classes and great adaptation to the facilities.

REPRODUCTION OF TOTAL TEST SCORE THROUGH THE USE OF SEQUENTIAL PROGRAMMED TESTS1

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Anne Cleary ◽  
Robert L. Linn ◽  
Donald A. Rock
Keyword(s):  
Test Score ◽  
Total Test ◽  
Total Test Score

Comparison of tests AH 2/AH 3 with academic criteria

1977 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
A. W. Heim ◽  
K. P. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Test Score ◽  
School Subject ◽  
Comparison Of Tests ◽  
Total Test ◽  
Total Test Score

849 boys and girls from five different schools took Test AH 2/AH 3 one or two years before taking GCE or CSE examinations. Their Total test score and their test profile are compared with their overall success in the examinations, and are analysed according to school subject. Some effects of the raising of the school-leaving age are briefly discussed.

Some Relationships between Selected Creativity and Critical Thinking Measures

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Gibson ◽  
Robert J. Kibler ◽  
Larry L. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
College Undergraduate ◽  
Butler University ◽  
Total Test ◽  
Total Test Score

Scores from selected creative thinking tests ( Object Synthesis Test. Alternate Uses Test, Apparatus Test: Drastic and Minor, and Symbol Production Test) and the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (W-G) (subtests: Inference, Recognition of Assumptions, Deduction, Interpretation, Evaluation of Arguments; and total test score) were obtained from each of 100 college undergraduate Ss enrolled in a public speaking course at Butler University. The scores for the 11 subtests and total tests were intercorrelated Low, but significant, correlations were observed between scores on the Alternate Uses Test and (a) W-G total test, (b) W-G Recognition of Assumptions, and (c) W-G Interpretation. These and other significant correlations obtained indicate a relationship between critical thicking measures and creativity measures identified with adaptive flexibility.

scholarly journals Is It Possible to Reduce the Relative Age Effect through an Intervention on Motor Competence in Preschool Children?

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Marcos Mecías-Calvo ◽  
Víctor Arufe-Giráldez ◽  
Miguel Cons-Ferreiro ◽  
Rubén Navarro-Patón
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Specific Intervention ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Percentile Score ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Total Test

The purpose of the study was to find out whether a short 6-week intervention on motor competence can reduce the Relative Age Effect (RAE) of preschool children born in the first quarter, compared to those born in the fourth quarter of the same year. Seventy-six preschool children (5.20 ± 0.54 years) from Lugo (Spain) participated. A quasi-experimental pre-post-test design was used with an intervention group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 44). The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) was used to collect data before and after the intervention. The data show that, before the intervention, there are significant differences between the control and the intervention group in favor of the former (born in the first quarter of the year) in manual dexterity (p = 0.011), balance (p = 0.002), total test score (p = 0.008), and total percentile score (p = 0.010). After the application of the specific intervention, statistically significant differences were found in aiming and catching (p < 0.001), balance (p = 0.022), total test score (p = 0.001), and total percentile score (p < 0.001) in favor of the intervention group (born in the last quarter of the year). The results obtained suggest that the application of a specific intervention on MC could positively influence the improvement of MC in preschool children (boys and girls) and reduce the differences produced by the RAE.

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