scholarly journals Effect of a 6-Week Physical Education Intervention on Motor Competence in Pre-School Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1936
Author(s):  
Rubén Navarro-Patón ◽  
Juan Luis Martín-Ayala ◽  
Mariacarla Martí González ◽  
Alba Hernández ◽  
Marcos Mecías-Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
School Children ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Percentile Score ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Test ◽  
Total Test Score

The objective of this research was to analyze the impact of an intervention program performed by a specialist in physical education (PE) to contribute to the development of motor competence (MC) in pre-school children with motor development problems. The sample consisted of 28 children (12 from the intervention group and 16 from the control group) aged between 4.1 and 5.9 years (mean = 4.71 ± 0.54) who were in the fifth and sixth grades of pre-school education in two schools from Lugo, Spain. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) was used for data collection. The data revealed that, in the pre- and post-test intervention groups, there are statistically significant differences in manual dexterity (p < 0.001; d = 2.63), aiming and catching (p < 0.002; d = 1.13), balance (p < 0.001; d = 1.68), total test score (p < 0.001; d = 3.30) and total percentile score (p < 0.001; d = 1.88). Between the control and intervention post-test groups, significant differences were found in manual dexterity (p = 0.015; η2 = 0.22), aiming and catching (p = 0.003; η2 = 0.32), balance (p = 0.050; η2 = 0.15), total test score (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.47) and total percentile score (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.48). Based on the results obtained, a specific MC program implemented by a PE specialist contributed to the improvement of manual dexterity, aiming and catching and balance, as well as a better percentile in the general MC of pre-school children diagnosed with motor skill problems.

scholarly journals Relative Age Effect on Motor Competence in Children Aged 4–5 Years

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Rubén Navarro-Patón ◽  
Marcos Mecías-Calvo ◽  
José Eugenio Rodríguez Fernández ◽  
Víctor Arufe-Giráldez
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Movement Assessment ◽  
Total Test ◽  
Total Test Score

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a Relative Age Effect (RAE) exists in motor competence of preschool children. The hypothesis was that motor competence, assessed by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2), would be higher in preschool children born in the first quarter of the year compared to those who were born in the last quarter of the same year. A total of 360 preschool children were evaluated of whom 208 (57.8%) were boys and 152 (42.8%) were girls, with a mean age of 4.52 years old (± 0.50). The distribution of the participants was 172 children aged 4 years old and 188 aged 5 years old. The data showed a main effect on the age factor in the total score of aiming and catching (p < 0.001) and in the total test score (p < 0.001), in the quarter of birth factor in all the dimensions studied (i.e., total score of manual dexterity (p < 0.001); total score of aiming and catching (p = 0.001); total score of balance (p < 0.001); total test score (p < 0.001)) and in the interaction between both factors (i.e., total score of manual dexterity (p = 0.005); total score of aiming and catching (p = 0.002); total score of balance (p < 0.001); total test score (p < 0.001)). Age and quarter of birth produce a RAE in 4 and 5-year-old preschool children’s motor competence.

scholarly journals Is It Possible to Reduce the Relative Age Effect through an Intervention on Motor Competence in Preschool Children?

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Marcos Mecías-Calvo ◽  
Víctor Arufe-Giráldez ◽  
Miguel Cons-Ferreiro ◽  
Rubén Navarro-Patón
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Specific Intervention ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Percentile Score ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Total Test

The purpose of the study was to find out whether a short 6-week intervention on motor competence can reduce the Relative Age Effect (RAE) of preschool children born in the first quarter, compared to those born in the fourth quarter of the same year. Seventy-six preschool children (5.20 ± 0.54 years) from Lugo (Spain) participated. A quasi-experimental pre-post-test design was used with an intervention group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 44). The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) was used to collect data before and after the intervention. The data show that, before the intervention, there are significant differences between the control and the intervention group in favor of the former (born in the first quarter of the year) in manual dexterity (p = 0.011), balance (p = 0.002), total test score (p = 0.008), and total percentile score (p = 0.010). After the application of the specific intervention, statistically significant differences were found in aiming and catching (p < 0.001), balance (p = 0.022), total test score (p = 0.001), and total percentile score (p < 0.001) in favor of the intervention group (born in the last quarter of the year). The results obtained suggest that the application of a specific intervention on MC could positively influence the improvement of MC in preschool children (boys and girls) and reduce the differences produced by the RAE.

scholarly journals Study of Motor Competence in 4–5-Year-Old Preschool Children: Are There Differences among Public and Private Schools?

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Marcos Mecías-Calvo ◽  
Carlos Lago-Fuentes ◽  
Víctor Arufe-Giráldez ◽  
Rubén Navarro-Patón
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Percentage Score ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Total Test

The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the presence of preschool children with severe motor difficulties (SMDs) and (2) to evaluate the existence of differences in the motor competence (MC) of preschool children from public and private schools based on gender. A total of 581 preschool children (4.66 ± 0.52 years) from Galicia (Spain) were assessed. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) was used to collect the data. Preschool children from public schools presented a greater number of SMDs (OR = 20.65; CI = 9.99–85.53; p < 0.001). Preschool children from private schools have higher scores on the variables studied (for example, manual dexterity (p < 0.001), aiming and catching (p < 0.001), balance (p < 0.001), total test score (p < 0.001), and total percentage score (p < 0.001)). Regarding the gender factor, differences were found in manual dexterity (p < 0.001), aiming and catching (p = 0.014), balance (p < 0.001), total test score (p < 0.001), total percentage score (p < 0.001), and in the interaction of both factors in balance (p < 0.001), total global score (p = 0.004), and total percentage score (p < 0.001). Preschool children from private schools are less likely to have severe movement problems and score higher on all dimensions of the MABC-2 than preschool children from public schools analyzed in this study. Likewise, girls score higher than boys in all dimensions, except in aiming and catching.

scholarly journals Differences of Motor Proficiency in Preschool Girls Related to Organized Physical Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
Ivana Djordjevic ◽  
Hana Valkova ◽  
Emilija Petkovic
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
Total Test ◽  
Total Test Score

This study purpose was to determine the level of motor competence and differences in motor skills of preschool girls aged 5 to 7 from Serbia according to participation in organized physical activities.  Materials and methods. Ninety-one girls aged 5-7 years (mean  ± 6.4) were divided into three subsamples: control group, rhythmic gymnastics and sports school. Girls were assessed with the MABC-2 test. Descriptive statistics analyzed the basic characteristics of participants according to the level of motor competence. Furthermore, Pearson’s χ2 test for contingency tables, MANOVA and discriminant analysis were employed to find differences in motor proficiency among groups.  Results. Significant differences have been found in girls attending rhythmic gymnastics in aiming & catching on the upper bound of moderate effect size (p < 0.001, η2 = 139), and total test score moderate effect size (p = 0.006, η2 = 0.105) compared to girls who did not participate in organized physical activity. The discrimination coefficient explained the differences in girls in aiming and catching, with a contribution of 41.4%, balance skills with 24%, and a total test score of 22.9%. According to the level of motor competence, 61% from the control group and 40% from the sports school group scored below average in aiming & catching. The total test score of ≥ 50 percentile was achieved by 68.3% of girls in the control group, 84% in the sports school group, and 96% in rhythmic gymnastics.  Conclusion. This study confirms that sports practice contributes to the development of motor capabilities and influences individual differences in children’s scores. Our findings can contribute to understanding how important it is to promote object control skills games for girls and older preschoolers generally.

scholarly journals The Effect of Physical Education to Improve Motor Competence of Elementary School Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
Pulung Riyanto ◽  
Syamsudin Syamsudin
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
School Children ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
School Students ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This study aimed to determine the effect of physical education in improving children's motor competence in primary schools. To enhance children's motor competence, the research method used was a quasi-experimental method with The Pretest Post-Test Two Treatment Design. The sample used was elementary school students in Merauke District with a total of 60 people. The instrument used is using Somatic measures (measuring the height, weight, BMI, and thickness of the student's fat). Then the second test instrument uses Motor skills (Gymnastics skills, Soccer skills, Basketball skills, Track-and-field skills). The results showed that the physical education program could improve the motor competence of elementary school children, as for the conclusion of this study that physical education programs provided in elementary schools can improve children's motor competence. This increase is inseparable from a physical education program that is well designed and by the child's characteristics.

scholarly journals Differences on Motor Competence in 4-Year-Old Boys and Girls Regarding the Quarter of Birth: Is There a Relative Age Effect?

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Rubén Navarro-Patón ◽  
Víctor Arufe-Giráldez ◽  
Alberto Sanmiguel-Rodríguez ◽  
Marcos Mecías-Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Age Effect ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Movement Assessment ◽  
Gender Factor ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Total Test

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences on motor competence between boys and girls aged 4 years old and investigate the existence of Relative Age Effect on their motor competence. In total, 132 preschool children were evaluated, of whom 60 (45.50%) were girls and 72 (54.5%) were boys. The distribution of the participants was from quarter 1 [n = 28 (21.2%)], quarter 2 [n = 52 (39.4%)], quarter 3 [n = 24 (18.2%)], and quarter 4 [(n = 28 (21.2%)], respectively. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) was used to collect the data. The data show the main effects on quarter of birth factor in manual dexterity (MD; p < 0.001), in aiming and catching (A&C; p < 0.001), in balance (Bal; p < 0.001) and in total test score (TTS; p < 0.001). There are also statistical differences on gender factor in MD (p < 0.001) and in TTS (p = 0.031). A significant effect was also found in the interaction between two factors (gender and quarter of birth) in MD (p < 0.001), A&C (p < 0.001), and Bal (p < 0.001). There are differences in all the variables studied according to the quarter of birth and only in manual dexterity and in the total score if compared according to gender (the scores are higher in girls).

scholarly journals Gender Differences on Motor Competence in 5-Year-Old Preschool Children Regarding Relative Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3143
Author(s):  
Rubén Navarro-Patón ◽  
Joaquín Lago-Ballesteros ◽  
Víctor Arufe-Giráldez ◽  
Alberto Sanmiguel-Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos Lago-Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Percentile Score ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Movement Assessment ◽  
Gender Factor ◽  
Total Test

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences on motor competence between 5-year-old boys and girls and to investigate the existence of Relative Age Effect (RAE) on their motor competence. A total of 232 preschool children were evaluated of whom 134 (57.8%) were boys and 98 (42.2%) were girls. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) was used to collect data. The data show a main effect on gender factor; there was a main effect in total score of manual dexterity (MD; p = 0.010), in total score of balance (Bal; p < 0.001), in total test score (TTS; p < 0.001), and in total percentile score (TPS, p < 0.001). In the semester of birth factor, there were differences in aiming and catching (A&C, p < 0.001), in Bal (p = 0.029) and in total percentile score (TPS, p = 0.010). Girls perform better in MD, Bal, TTS, and TPS than boys. Preschool children born in the first semester obtain, in general, a higher percentage and a higher percentile than their peers born in the second one. RAE is present in A&C, Bal, and TPS, with higher scores obtained by preschool children born in the first semester compared to those born in the second one.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Child To Child Approach on Practice of Hand Washing Among School Children in a Selected School at Mangalore

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Smitha Mariam Mathew ◽  
Sujatha R.
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Group I ◽  
Post Test

Abstract Objective: Effectiveness of child to child approach on practice of hand washing. Design: Quantitative evaluative research approach & pre experimental - One group pre-test post-test design was used. Setting: This study was conducted in a selected rural school (Aided higher primary school, Pavoor- Harekala) at Mangalore. Participants: The populations covered were school children in the age group 9-10 years who met the inclusion criteria and studying in a rural school at Mangalore. 75 students from Aided higher primary school within the age 9-10 years and studying in 4th to 5th class were selected by using purposive sampling. Main outcome measures: Main outcome measure was whether the school children are able to practice the hand washing technique. Data collection was collected by using Demographic proforma and Checklist (to assess the practice of hand washing). Results: Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean post-test score on hand washing of group 1 (12.46) and group 2 (12.05) was higher as compared with pre-test score of group I (12.46) and group II (12.05) and the “p” value is &lt;0.05. So the child to child approach was effective to teach the children hand washing technique. There was no association between the selected demographic variables and pre-test hand washing scores Conclusions: This study concludes that through proper training and motivation by peer group, that is child to child approach was an effective method to teach the children healthy habits like hand washing and other common issues concerning children.

Handling the Neutral Vote in Paired Comparison Product Testing

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanford H. Odesky
Keyword(s):  
Test Score ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Product Testing ◽  
Comparison Test ◽  
Preference Responses ◽  
Total Test ◽  
Total Test Score

The number of “no preference” responses in a paired comparison test can definitely be influenced by the wording of the question. More important, allocation of such responses among the total test score can have serious effects. This article suggests a method for handling the neutral vote.

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