scholarly journals Microbial and heavy metals examination of Expellers groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) oil

2021 ◽  
pp. 364-367
Author(s):  
Babeker Awad M ◽  
Abdalla AA ◽  
Ahmed AR ◽  
Ebrahiem Mohammed Alhadi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Groundnut Oil ◽  
Bacterial Detection ◽  
Specification Limit ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Study Results

This study was designed to determine the microbial and heavy metal contamination level in expeller’s groundnut oil. Ten samples of groundnut oil were collected, labeled from E1 to E10 and the microbial and heavy metals examination tests were laboratory assessed. The study results showed that, the Total Count of Bacteria (TCB) for all oil Expellers samples was 33.8 Colony Forming Unit (Cfu)/ml oil. The highestt value was (111 Cfu/ml) in E10 and the lowest value (7 Cfu/ml oil) in E1. Concerning the Total Count of Fungal (TCF) for all samples was 31.4 and 6.75 Cfu/1ml for the yeast and mould respectively. Yeasts highest count was 109 Cfu/ml in E10 and the lowest count was 6 Cfu/ml in E1. while moulds highest count was 18 Cfu/ml in E10 and the lowest number of 2 Cfu/ml oil was found in E2. The bacterial detection test of Staph, Bacillus, Coliform, and E.Coli in the oils Expellers explored that no bacterial presence in E1, E3, and E7 but, the four types were recorded in E5, E9 and E10. On the other hand E2, E6 and E8 showed positive detection to Staph and Bacillus, while E4 was positive to Bacillus detection only. The Concentration of Iron (Fe) on expeller oil samples (E2, E3, E4, E6, E7, E8, E9 and E10) was higher than the minimum specification limit of 5meq/kg for heavy metals, but E1 and E5 were within the minimum specification limit. All expellers oil samples were higher than acceptable limit for Copper (Cu) concentration that established by SSMO and Codex alimentary for heavy metals of less than 0.1meq/kg. As well as, the Concentration value of Lead (Pb) all expeller oil samples were above the specification limit of heavy metals that should not be more than 0.1meq/kg.

Proteomics Study on Heavy Metal Contaminated Bellamya aeruginosas in Poyang Lake

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 299-302
Author(s):  
Xiao Juan Zhu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Jiang Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Proteomics Study ◽  
Contaminated Area

Heavy metal contamination to Poyang Lake is increasingly severe. Bellamya aeruginosas, the dominant species of bellamya in Poyang Lake, was chosen in this project to carry out a proteomics study, because they obtain nutrients from sediments directly and have a strong heavy metal enrichment capability. To get a better knowledge of the contamination level of Poyang Lake and a better understanding of toxicity and bioavailability of heavy metals contamination, the main heavy metals of surface sediments were tested and a proteomics study was carried out on bellamya aeruginosa, the dominant species of bellamya in Poyang Lake. Results of heavy metal tests show, to Poyang Lake, the most contaminated heavy metal is Cu, the widest contaminated heavy metal is Pb, the most contaminated area is the south lake area, and the least contaminated area is the entrance of Xioushui River. Proteomics analysis shows the main significantly different proteins are keratins or similar substances. These proteins are higher expressed in the samples obtained from the most contaminated area, so they could be the responding biomarkers for monitoring heavy metal contamination of surface sediment in Poyang Lake.

scholarly journals The Amount of Selected Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments and Fish Species from the Rupsha River, Khulna, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Md. Matiar Rahman ◽  
Md. Mahedi Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Aquatic Life

The present study was conducted to figure out the heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn) concentrations in water, sediments and fish species from the Rupsha River, Khulna, Bangladesh to spot the heavy metal contamination level. Heavy metals are dangerous because they're non-biodegradable and having an extended half-life period. The heavy metal contamination could also be an excellent concern, especially for aquatic life. The metal concentration within the water sample from the Rupsha River was significantly above the rule values of WHO and USEPA respectively. Moreover, the concentration of metal within the sediments was also greater than the respective probable effect concentrations of the sediment quality guidelines. Furthermore, consistent with the fish standards, these studied fish species weren't found to be contaminated by heavy metals. It’s concluded that each of the heavy metals from the whole sample didn't exceed the standard maximum level. This study demonstrated that water of Rupsha River isn't safe for aquatic organisms also like humans in terms of Pb, Cd and Cr contents as accumulated through consumption.

scholarly journals Heavy metal remediation technologies in Latvia: possible applications and preliminary case study results / Technologie remediacji obszarów zanieczyszczonych metalami ciężkimi na Łotwie: możliwe zastosowania i wstępne wyniki badań

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-547
Author(s):  
Juris Burlakovs ◽  
Magnuss Vircavs
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Heavy Metal Remediation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Polluted Sites

Abstract Environmental contamination with heavy metals as a result of anthropogenic activities is not a recent phenomenon. Contaminated sites with heavy metals can be found in functioning as well as abandoned industrial (brownfield) territories, landfills, residential areas with historical contamination, road sides and rarely in polluted sites by natural activities. Pollution data on its amount and concentrations is known from historical studies and monitoring nowadays, but it should be periodically updated for the use of territorial planning or in case of a change of the land use. A special attention should be paid to heavy metal contamination, because in many cases this contamination is most problematic for remediation. 242 territories now are numbered as contaminated and fixed in the National Register of contaminated territories - at least 56 of them are known as contaminated with heavy metals in different amount and concentration. Legislative aspects are discussed as well as an overview of soil and groundwater contamination research and the possible remediation technologies in Latvia are given. Two case studies are described in order to give the inside look in pre-investigations done before potential start of heavy metal remediation works.

scholarly journals Contamination Characteristics and Assessment of Manganese, Zinc, Chrome, Lead, Copper and Nickel in Bus Station Dusts of Xifeng, Northwest China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongfu Wu ◽  
Xinwei Lu ◽  
Sukai Zhuang ◽  
Xiufeng Han ◽  
Yan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Bus Station ◽  
Assessment Results

The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration and spatial distribution patterns of six potentially toxic heavy metal elements (Mn, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu and Ni) in bus station dusts in the Xifeng district of Gansu province, NW China. The contents were analyzed for Mn, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu and Ni by using S8 TIGER Brochures wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo ), enrichment factor (EF), pollution index (PI) and integrated pollution index(IPI) were calculated to evaluate the heavy metal contamination level of bus station dusts. The results indicate that, in comparison with the background values of local soil, bus station dusts in Xifeng have elevated metal concentrations as a whole. The concentrations of heavy metals investigated in this paper are compared with the reported data of other cities. The results show that the arithmetic means of Mn, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu and Ni are 440.8, 137.9, 60.0, 42.8, 33.5 and 19.8mg kg−1 respectively. The mean values of Igeo reveal the order of Ni<Mn<Cr<Cu<Zn<Pb. The high Igeo and EF for Cu, Zn and Pb in bus station dusts indicate that there is a considerable Cu, Zn and Pb pollution, which mainly originate from traffic and industry activities. The Igeo and EF of Ni, Mn and Cr are low and the assessment results indicate an absence of distinct Ni, Mn and Cr pollution in bus station dusts. The assessment results of PI also support Cu, Zn and Pb in bus station dusts presented middle pollution, and IPI indicates heavy metals of bus station dusts polluted seriously.

scholarly journals Pollution Intensity Assessment of Sediments Obtained Near Ieodo Ocean Research Station Using Pollution Index for Heavy Metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Junho Lee ◽  
Kyungsoo Han ◽  
Dongmyung Kim ◽  
Taeyoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Research Station

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the heavy metal contamination level by analyzing heavy metals in sediments near Ieodo ocean research station located in southwestern Jeju Island. Methods:Sixteen sediments samples were collected from Ieodo ocean research station, and two and three sediment samples were collected from the southwestern region and between Ieodo and Jeju Island. These samples were used for heavy metal content analysis according to the marine pollution process test method, and contamination level of sediments was calculated using the measured heavy metal concentration. Results and Discussion:All heavy metals except Ni were evaluated as non-contamination level, and Ni was found to have high pollution level. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency guideline, samples 6, 9, 15, and 22 were classified as severe contamination, and according to the geoaccumulation index, samples 15 and 22 were classified as slightly contaminated for Ni. When classified by the Enrichment factor value, Ni contamination was categorized as moderately severe enrichment for samples 15 and 22. Using the potential ecological risk factor value, the ecological risks of the heavy metals in all samples were classified as low risk. The mean PEL quotient value for all six heavy metals in samples was a maximum of 0.60, indicating a 21% probability of toxicity for heavy metals in all samples.Conclusions:It was confirmed that there was no contamination by Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn, but contamination by Ni was found to be a serious level. Compared with previous studies, the concentration of Ni in the Ieodo was found to be high, which may be due to the inflow of ocean research station or the Yangzu river runoff in China.

scholarly journals Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil around Piyungan Landfill, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Mufid Muyassar ◽  
Wawan Budianta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Zone Ii ◽  
Negative Impacts

One of the negative impacts of the landfill as solid waste disposal is soil contamination by heavy metals. This study assessed heavy metals impact, especially Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, in the soil in Piyungan landfill, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The assessment was conducted by analyzing 15 soil samples from 25 cm depth in the study area, which was divided into three-zone. The study results showed that generally, the highest content of metals was found in zone II, which is located near or directly situated in a landfill site. The pollution index (PI) calculated showed in order Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn. The result also indicates that Cd has the highest pollution index and even the highest risk compared to Pb, Cu, and Zn. The eco-risk index (RI) calculation showed that the value was 29 to 70 demonstrating a low class. The result also indicates that the accumulation of heavy metals investigated in this study was normal, and that the ecological risk was relatively low.

Polymorphism of p-450 cytochrome detoxication genes in adolescents depending on the degree of contamination of the organism by heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
N. P. Setko ◽  
A. G. Setko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Bulycheva ◽  
A. V. Tyurin ◽  
E. Yu. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cyp2b6 Gene ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Gene Cyp1a1 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards. Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes. Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.

The change in agrochemical indicators of soil fertility under the influence of heavy metal contamination

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
S. H. Korsun ◽  
N. I. Dovbash
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Natural Background Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Hydrolytic Acidity

The aim of the study was to establish changes in the physico-chemical and agrochemical characteristics of gray forest large-clay loamy soil, depending on the contamination of ecotopes by heavy metals. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. The results of the study of the soil of areas with an over-dimensioned content of heavy metals and the transformation of agrochemical characteristics of gray forest soil in the cultivation of corn for grain. It was established that under conditions of systematic application of mineral fertilizers in agrocenoses, an increase in the lead concentration to 100 mg/kg, cadmium to 2,0, zinc to 50 mg/kg in gray forest soil did not result in a decrease in the amount available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium by plants, compared with the natural background. Concentration of lead in the amount of 1000 mg/kg, cadmium – 20, zinc – 500 mg/kg marked an increase in exchange and hydrolytic acidity and loss of humus.

A brief Survey of Assessment models to Predict stress Level of Heavy Metals in Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Annam ◽  
Anshu Singla
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress

Abstract: Soil is a major and important natural resource, which not only supports human life but also furnish commodities for ecological and economic growth. Ecological risk has posed a serious threat to the ecosystem by the degradation of soil. The high-stress level of heavy metals like chromium, copper, cadmium, etc. produce ecological risks which include: decrease in the fertility of the soil; reduction in crop yield & degradation of metabolism of living beings, and hence ecological health. The ecological risk associated, demands the assessment of heavy metal stress levels in soils. As the rate of stress level of heavy metals is exponentially increasing in recent times, it is apparent to assess or predict heavy metal contamination in soil. The assessment will help the concerned authorities to take corrective as well as preventive measures to enhance the ecological and hence economic growth. This study reviews the efficient assessment models to predict soil heavy metal contamination.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Nakdong River Around the Weir

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 684
Author(s):  
Hee Won Son ◽  
Sun Hee Shim ◽  
Haeseong Oh ◽  
Jung Hyun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Nakdong River ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
The Nakdong River ◽  
Reducible Fraction

In this study, the concentrations and characteristics of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) contamination in sediment samples were investigated using aqua regia extraction and Tessier’s five-step sequential extraction. Based on the concentration of metals, the influence of the Hapcheon-Changnyeong weir on sediments in the Nakdong River was assessed. The origins of the contaminants, their bioavailability, and their mobility were determined using sequential extraction. Greater concentrations of heavy metals were found in samples collected closer to the weir. The largest proportion of Cu was identified in the residual fraction based on sequential extraction, whereas Zn was predominantly found in the reducible fraction. Iron-manganese in the reducible fraction of Zn has the potential to leach back to the water body. In addition, the combined concentration of fractions 1 and 2 of Cu comprised more than 20% of total amount that still has potential to affect the water quality. The results of this study were compared with existing sediment standards set out by the NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research), Canada, and US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) guidelines, as well as the risk assessment code (RAC). The concentrations of heavy metals exceeded the standards set by the Canadian guideline by up to four times in particular samples, highlighting the need for continual monitoring.

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