Research about the Relation Between Cognitive Function, Language Skills, and Constructional Functions in Elderly with Cognitive Disorders through CERAD-K

The prevalence of cognitive impairment caused by neurodegenerative diseases and other neurologic disorders associated with aging is expected to rise dramatically between now and year 2050, when the population of Americans aged 65 or older will nearly double. Cognitive impairment also commonly occurs in other neurologic conditions, as well as in non-neurologic medical disorders (and their treatments), idiopathic psychiatric illnesses, and adult neurodevelopmental disorders. Cognitive impairment can thus infiltrate all aspects of healthcare, making it necessary for clinicians and clinical researchers to have an integrated knowledge of the spectrum of adult cognitive disorders. The Oxford Handbook of Adult Cognitive Disorders is meant to serve as an up-to-date, scholarly, and comprehensive volume covering most diseases, conditions, and injuries resulting in impairments in cognitive function in adults. Topics covered include normal cognitive and brain aging, the impact of medical disorders (e.g., cardiovascular, liver, pulmonary) and psychiatric illnesses (e.g., depression and bipolar disorder) on cognitive function, adult neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., Down Syndrome, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), as well as the various neurological conditions (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, concussion). A section of the Handbook is also dedicated to unique perspectives and special considerations for the clinicians and clinical researchers, covering topics such as cognitive reserve, genetics, diversity, and neuroethics. The target audience of this Handbook includes: (1) clinicians, particularly psychologists, neuropsychologists, neurologists (including behavioral and cognitive neurologists), geriatricians, and psychiatrists (including neuropsychiatrists), who provide clinical care and management for adults with a diverse range of cognitive disorders; (2) clinical researchers who investigate cognitive outcomes and functioning in adult populations; and (3) graduate level students and post-doctoral trainees studying psychology, clinical neuroscience, and various medical specialties.

Download Full-text

Empty-nest elderly: mahjong and Chinese square dance for improving the cognitive function in the community

Frontiers of Nursing ◽

10.2478/fon-2019-0011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 71-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yue Zhang ◽

Marcia A. Petrini

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Nursing Care ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

The Elderly ◽

Community Nursing ◽

Empty Nest ◽

China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Straightforward Method ◽

Aging People

Abstract Objective The elderly population has proliferated worldwide. The empty-nest family pattern has become predominant among the aging people, and they are more vulnerable to the development of cognitive disorders. However, there is no standardized service in the community nursing care that includes procedures on how to improve the cognitive function of the elderly. Meanwhile, the booming number of empty-nest elderly stimulates the community nurses to assume the responsibility for their care. All of these bring more difficulties and opportunities for community nurses who are dedicated to the prevention of geriatric cognitive disorders. Methods The authors reviewed the literature related to “empty-nest elderly”, “cognitive function”, “mahjong”, and “Chinese square dance” in the Elsevier, Web of Science (WOS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Springer and PubMed databases. The study illustrates the utility possibility of an efficient and straightforward method for improving the cognitive function among the elderly in the context of community nursing care in China and even in the rest of the world. Results Mental and physical activity contributes to cognitive fitness and may be beneficial in delaying cognitive decline. Mental activities, such as playing mahjong, and physical activities, such as the Chinese square dance, are common Chinese activities. Both of them can affect cognitive function in some way. Conclusions China is experiencing one of its most severe aging problems. Community health personnel and related professionals may consider using mahjong and Chinese square dance to promote psychological health in empty-nest elderly individuals in the community.

Download Full-text

Cognitive Function in Older Euthymic Bipolar Patients

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1902 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S116-S117

Author(s):

K. Hajbi ◽

I. Baati ◽

S. Ellouze ◽

S. Mkaouar ◽

I. Abida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Low Income ◽

Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

Hamilton Depression Scale ◽

Affective Symptoms ◽

Bipolar Patients ◽

Psychotic Features

ObjectivesTo assess cognitive function in older euthymic bipolar patients. To investigate the relationship between cognitive disorders and clinical features in this population.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study during the period from August to November 2015. It included 34 stable bipolar outpatients, aged at least 65 years. We used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to screen for cognitive disorders. Our patients were clinically euthymic, as checked by the Hamilton depression scale and the Young mania scale.ResultsThe sex ratio was 1. The mean age of our patients was 68.2 years. Most of them were married (82.4%), unemployed (55.8%), living in urban area (82.4%), had low educational level (58.8%) and low income (64.7%).The majority was bipolar type 1 (67.6%). The most recent episode was manic in 55.9% of cases, including psychotic features in 50% of cases. Subsyndromal affective symptoms were noted between episodes in 23.5% of them. The average MoCA score was 23.6. Cognitive disorders were found in 61.5% of patients, who showed impairments across all cognitive domains. The most frequent deficits were found in attention (100%) and executive functions (85.3%).Cognitive dysfunction correlated to psychotic features during the last episode (P = 0.005), subsyndromal affective symptoms between episodes (P = 0.13), high number of mood episodes (P = 0.007) and hospitalisations (P = 0.014).ConclusionOur study confirmed that cognitive dysfunction was frequent in older bipolar patients in Tunisia. Preventing mood episodes, screening for addictive and somatic comorbidities, as well as cognitive rehabilitation, are suitable strategies for improving cognitive functioning among these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Download Full-text

Cognitive function and academic performance in neurofibrornatosis 1: Consensus statement from the NF1 Cognitive Disorders Task Force

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.48.4.1121 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 1121-1127 ◽

Cited By ~ 184

Author(s):

K. N. North ◽

V. Riccardi ◽

C. Samango-Sprouse ◽

R. Ferner ◽

B. Moore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Consensus Statement ◽

Task Force ◽

Cognitive Disorders

Download Full-text

Probiotics treatment improves cognitive impairment in patients and animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.1101/2020.06.12.20129015 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tingting Lv ◽

Mengfei Ye ◽

Fangyi Luo ◽

Baiqi Hu ◽

Anzhe Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

Cognitively Impaired ◽

Controlled Clinical Trials ◽

Subgroup Analyses ◽

Positive Effect

AbstractThe gut–brain axis has received considerable attention in recent years, and the “psychobiotics” concept indicates that probiotics have a potential positive effect on cognitive function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the influence of probiotics on cognitive function. We conducted a random-e?ects meta-analysis of 7 controlled clinical trials and 11 animals studies to evaluate the e?ects of probiotics on cognitive function. Probiotics supplementation enhanced cognitive function in both human (0.24 [0.05–0.42]; I2 = 0%) and animal studies (0.90 [0.47–1.34]; I2 = 74%). Subgroup analyses indicated that the effects of probiotics on cognitively impaired individuals (0.25 [0.05–0.45]; I2 = 0%) were greater than those on healthy ones (0.15 [−0.30 to 0.60]; I2 = 0%). Furthermore, compared with a multiple-probiotic supplement, one strain of probiotic was more effective in humans. The meta-analysis provided some suggestions for probiotics intervention and tended to support a customized approach for different individuals to ameliorate cognitive disorders. Future additional clinical trials are necessary to evaluate therapeutic effect and influencing factors.

Download Full-text

Falacias necesarias: una apología de los malos argumentos para la clase de argumentación / Necessary Fallacies: an Apology for Bad Arguments in Argumentation Lessons

Cuaderno de Pedagogia Universitaria ◽

10.29197/cpu.v11i21.204 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 75-80

Author(s):

Gonzalo Martín de Marcos

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Language Resources ◽

Function Language

ResumenEste artículo defiende la necesidad de las falacias. Los llamados malos argumentos constituyen recursos del lenguaje que permiten a sus usuarios dar cumplimiento a las distintas funciones del lenguaje. Como cualquier otro recurso, es su uso (cuando no obedezca a ciertos criterios axiológicos), pero no su funcionalidad, lo que puede ser censurado. A partir de los estudios de Aristóteles, C. L. Hamblin y, en particular, Van Eemeren y Grootendorst, se evalúan mediante ejemplos la falacia de ambigüedad, que responde a una necesidad expresiva; la falacia del espantapájaros, que puede satisfacer una necesidad conativa; y la falacia cum hoc, ergo propter hoc, que cumple con la función cognitiva. El lenguaje es un fenómeno irreductible, y las falacias son indicio de ello. No pueden repudiarse porque se salgan de los límites descritos por enfoques lógicos. Una reflexión de este tenor debería anteceder a la enseñanza de la argumentación en el nivel superior. AbstractThis article supports the need of fallacies. The so-called bad arguments constitute language resources that allow to complying with the various functions of the language. As with any other resource, its use (when it doesn’t meet certain axiological criteria), but not its functionality, could be censured. Based upon studies by Aristotle, C.L. Hamblin, and particularly, Van Eemeren and Grootendorst, examples have been used to assess the ambiguity fallacy, which responds to an expressive need; the fallacy of the Scarecrow, which can satisfy a conative need; and the cum hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy, which meets the cognitive function. Language is an irreducible phenomenon and fallacies are an indicator thereof. Such can’t be disowned because of being out of the limits described by logical approaches. A reflection on this regard should precede the teaching of argumentation in the higher level.

Download Full-text

Safety of Nicergoline as an Agent for Management of Cognitive Function Disorders

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/610103 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bernd Saletu ◽

Amit Garg ◽

Ahsan Shoeb

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

Peripheral Circulation ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Receptor Blocking ◽

Blocking Property ◽

The Brain ◽

Ergot Derivative

Nicergoline is a semisynthetic ergot derivative and has a selective alpha-1A adrenergic receptor blocking property and also other additional mechanisms of actions, both in the brain and in the periphery. It is in clinical use for over three decades in over fifty countries for conditions such as cerebral infarction, acute and chronic peripheral circulation disorders, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease and has been found to be beneficial in a variety of other conditions. However, concerns about its safety have been raised, especially after the European medicines agency’s (EMEA’s) restriction in the use of all ergot derivatives including nicergoline. But, most of the available literature and data suggest that the adverse events with nicergoline are mild and transient. Further, none of the available treatment options for cognitive disorders afford definitive resolution of symptoms. In this backdrop, we discuss the pharmacology of nicergoline with special emphasis on the safety of this compound, especially when used in patients suffering from cognitive function disorders.

Download Full-text

NQPC-15 COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND ACTIVITY OF DAILY LIFE AFTER TUMOR REMOVAL FOR PATIENTS WITH BIFRONTAL GLIOBLASTOMA

Neuro-Oncology Advances ◽

10.1093/noajnl/vdz039.144 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. ii32-ii32

Author(s):

Akiko Kakuta ◽

Masayuki Nitta ◽

Takashi Maruyama ◽

Yoshihiro Muragaki ◽

Tetsuo Ikai

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Social Life ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

Tumor Location ◽

Tumor Removal ◽

Disturbance Of Consciousness ◽

Before And After ◽

Active Rehabilitation ◽

The Right

Abstract INTRODUCTION Glioblastomas often grow in a butterfly shape in the bifrontal lobes. The aggressive removal of these contrast-enhanced lesions may cause serious cognitive dysfunction. In this study, we have analyzed changes of cognitive function, effects on ADL, as well as rehabilitation methods for patients with bifrontal glioblastoma before and after tumor removal. SUBJECTS In this study, 6 patients including 2 males and 4 females with a mean age of 39.8 were reviewed. All patients exhibited bifrontal glioblastoma that was surgically removed. The primary tumor location was lower-left frontal gyrus for four of the patients, the right preSMA-SMA region for one patient, and the lower-right frontal gyrus for the remaining patient. METHOD Patients’cognitive function and ADL evaluated after the tumor removal and at the end of postoperative chemoradiotherapy, were retrospectively analyzed. We compared and verified the features and EOR. An evaluation was performed using MMSE-J, FAB, TMT, RCPM, RBMT, BADS, and FIM. RESULT After completion of chemoradiotherapy, 3 patients returned home, 2 were transferred to the hospital, and 1 returned to work. MMSE score was worsen in two patients, and their tumor were located in the lower-right frontal gyrus and the lower-left frontal gyrus. Two cases in the right frontal lobe and two cases in the lower left frontal gyrus scored lower average on the TMT. In our final evaluation, ADL was not worsening after surgery. DISCUSSION Many patients with bifrontal glioblastoma exhibited disturbance of consciousness due to strong edema before surgery, but they recovered in about two months after the tumor removal and many of them considered back to work. Involvement of prefrontal cortex may be related to severe cognitive dysfunction. Active rehabilitation should be started as soon as possible after surgery to acquire a compensation functions for the cognitive disorders and simulation for social life and work.

Download Full-text

Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Schizophrenia and Cognitive Impairment

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.6289 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (T3) ◽

pp. 160-163

Author(s):

Elmeida Efffendy ◽

Mustafa Mahmud Amin ◽

Nurul Utami

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Mental State ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

State Examination

Background: Neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity play a key role as triggers and support for neurodegenerative processes, increase levels of TNF-α have been found in schizophrenic patients. Improved inflammatory processes have been demonstrated in acute and chronic schizophrenia. In schizophrenia is characterized by a collection of core symptoms that trigger individuals experiencing several cognitive disorders. Objective: To investigate the relationship of serum TNF-α levels to impaired cognitive function in schizophrenic patients in Medan, Indonesia. Method: This research is cross sectional analytical correlative study involving 40 male schizophrenic patients at Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital through July to September 2019 that fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Serum TNF-α levels were analyzed using Quantikine HS Human TNF-α Assay with a minimum detection limit of 0.1062 pg/ml while in the other hand, cognitive function test was carried out by using the Mini Mental State Examination. Results: Serum TNF-α levels with a mean of 25.1216 with a standard deviation of 1.7629. There is a positive correlation with moderate correlation (r = 0.4 - <0.6) on cognitive function with the strength of correlation r = 0.434 Conclusion: We found that there is a link between serum TNF-α level and cognitive function as assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Download Full-text

Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function and Neurogenesis: Roles of BDNF and Oxidative Stress

Thrita ◽

10.5812/thrita.109723 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elham Shakouri ◽

Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani ◽

Seyed Behnamedin Jameie ◽

Maghsoud Peeri ◽

Mona Farhadi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Poor Nutrition ◽

Enhanced Learning ◽

Lifestyle Patterns

Context: Cognitive disorders are one of the most common neurological problems that can be caused by lifestyle patterns, especially sedentary lifestyle, poor nutrition, exposure to a variety of toxins or diseases. Evidence Acquisition: There are various strategies recommended for the prevention and treatment of these disorders, including drug therapy, psychological therapy, dietary pattern changes, and physical activity. Results: It seems that physical activity with biological mechanisms can have beneficial effects on the central nervous system and improve cognitive function, including enhanced learning and memory, as well as reduced depression and anxiety. Conclusions: Of the major mechanisms that physical activity can affect cognitive function include increased neurogenic factors, decreased oxidative stress, decreased inflammatory mediators, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, it is recommended that people with cognitive impairments can use physical activity as an appropriate strategy to prevent and treat cognitive impairment problems.

Download Full-text