scholarly journals Profiling a Spectrum of Mental Job Demands and their Linkages to Employee Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-72
Author(s):  
Saija Mauno ◽  
Jaana Minkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Complex Spectrum ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
And Performance

Working life is becoming more mentally demanding and intense due to technological acceleration. The present study explored employees’ experiences of different mental job demands (MJDs) and their outcomes (job burnout, job performance, and meaning of work). We focused on intra- and inter-individual variations and possible harmful combinations of MJDs, which we explored via latent profile analysis (LPA). To identify harmful combinations of MJDs, we also investigated how the profiles of MJDs related to the outcomes of interest. The study was based on a diverse sample of Finnish employees (n = 4,583). LPA showed that both intra-individual and inter-individual variation characterized MJDs as we identified five latent profiles of MJDs. The most harmful profile, which predicted the most negative outcomes (particularly job burnout), was characterized by employees’ scoring high on all MJDs. A profile characterized by low learning demands and moderate level of other MJDs was also a harmful combination in terms of outcomes. In contrast, a profile characterized by moderate level of learning demands and low level of other MJDs did not relate to negative outcomes. Altogether, the findings suggest that different MJDs may co-occur implying risks to employee well-being and performance. However, MJDs simultaneously form a complex spectrum that may differ within and between individuals.

scholarly journals Motivational Profiling of League of Legends Players

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Brühlmann ◽  
Philipp Baumgartner ◽  
Günter Wallner ◽  
Simone Kriglstein ◽  
Elisa D Mekler
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Game ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
And Performance ◽  
League Of Legends

Player motivation is a key research area within games research, with the aim of understanding how the motivation of players is related to their experience and behavior in the game. We present the results of a cross-sectional study with data from 750 players of League of Legends a popular Multiplayer Online Battle Arena game. Based on the motivational regulations posited by Self-Determination Theory and Latent Profile Analysis, we identify four distinct motivational profiles, which differ with regards to player experience and, to a lesser extent, in-game behavior. While the more self-determined profiles "Intrinsic'' and "Autonomous'' report mainly positive experience-related outcomes, a considerable part of the player base does not. Players of the "Amotivated'' and "External'' profile derive less enjoyment, experience more negative affect and tension, and score lower on vitality, indicating game engagement that is potentially detrimental to players' well-being. With regards to game metrics, minor differences in the rate of assists in unranked matches and performance indicators were observed between profiles. This strengthens the notion that differences in experiences are not necessarily reflected in differences in behavioral game metrics. Our findings provide insights into the interplay of player motivation, experience, and in-game behavior, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of player-computer interaction.

scholarly journals A Person-Centered Approach to the Job Demands–Control Model: A Multifunctioning Test of Addictive and Buffer Hypotheses to Explain Burnout

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mafalda Gameiro ◽  
Maria José Chambel ◽  
Vânia Sofia Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Contact Center ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Person Centered Approach

This study used a cross-sectional design and a person-centered approach in order to test the addictive and interactive strain hypotheses of Job Demands–Control Model to explain burnout. A large sample (n = 6357) of Portuguese workers (nurses, bank employees, retail traders, and contact center agents) was used. Through latent profile analysis (LPA), first latent profiles of demands and control were identified and then it was examined how these profiles differed in workplace well-being (engagement and burnout) through an ANCOVA. The four hypothesized profiles (i.e., “high-strain”, “low-Strain”, “passive”, and “active”) and one more profile denominated “moderate active”, emerged from LPA analysis. The hypotheses were supported in both addictive effects and interactive effects (buffer hypothesis), suggesting that the difficulty in finding consistent support for the buffer hypothesis might be related to the use of variable-centered approaches. Moreover, this reinforces that, in organizational practice, job control is a crucial characteristic to face job demands, as job control will buffer job demands’ harmful effects on workplace well-being.

scholarly journals Classification of Mental Health among Korean Vietnam War Veterans: A Latent Profile Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 637-637
Author(s):  
Hyunyup Lee ◽  
Carolyn Aldwin ◽  
Sungrok Kang ◽  
Xyle Ku
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
Vietnam War Veterans ◽  
Latent Profile

Abstract We investigated the dimensional structure of mental health among aging Korean Veterans using latent profile analysis (LPA) on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD), late onset stress symptomology (LOSS), and psychosocial well-being (PWB). The Korean Vietnam War Veterans Study consists of 367 men (Mage=72, SD=2.66). LPA identified five classes of mental health as best fitting the data. Most men were in the normal (38%) and moderate distress (31%) groups, while smaller proportions were in the low affect (13%) and severe distress (7%) groups. The resilient group (12%) had low PTSD, medium LOSS, and high PWB, and were highest on optimism, positive appraisals of military service, and social support. Negative and positive aspects of mental health outcomes were on separate dimensions rather than on a single bipolar dimension. Service providers should attempt to both reduce Veterans’ negative psychological symptoms and increase psychosocial well-being. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Aging Veterans: Effects of Military Service across the Life Course Interest Group.

Work Design in the Contemporary Era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Knight ◽  
Sabreen Kaur ◽  
Sharon K. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Work Motivation ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Design ◽  
Good Work ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
And Performance

Work design refers to the roles, responsibilities, and work tasks that comprise an individual’s job and how they are structured and organized. Good work design is created by jobs high in characteristics such as autonomy, social support, and feedback, and moderate in job demands such as workload, role ambiguity, and role conflict. Established research shows good work design is associated with work outcomes such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work safety, and job performance. Poor work design is characterized by roles that are low in job resources and/or overly high in job demands, and has been linked to poor health and well-being, absenteeism, and poor performance. Work design in the 20th century was characterized by traditional theories focusing on work motivation, well-being, and performance. Motivational and stress theories of work design were later integrated, and work characteristics were expanded to include a whole variety of task, knowledge, social, and work-context characteristics as well as demands, better reflecting contemporary jobs. In the early 21st century, relational theories flourished, focusing on the social and prosocial aspects of work. The role of work design on learning and cognition was also recognized, with benefits for creativity and performance. Work design is affected by many factors, including individual traits, organizational factors, national factors, and global factors. Managers may impact employees’ work design “top-down” by changing policies and procedures, while individuals may change their own work design “bottom-up” through “job crafting.” In the contemporary era, technology and societal factors play an important role in how work is changing. Information and communication technology has enabled remote working and collaboration across time and space, with positive implications for efficiency and flexibility, but potentially also increasing close monitoring and isolation. Automation has led to daily interaction with technologies like robots, algorithms, and artificial intelligence, which can influence autonomy, job complexity, social interaction, and job demands in different ways, ultimately impacting how motivating jobs are. Given the rapidly changing nature of work, it is critical that managers and organizations adopt a human-centered approach to designing work, with managers sensitive to the positive and negative implications of contemporary work on employees’ work design, well-being, and performance. Further research is needed to understand the multitude of multilevel factors influencing work design, how work can be redesigned to optimize technology and worker motivation, and the shorter- and longer-term processes linking work design to under-researched outcomes like identity, cognition, and learning. Overall, the aim is to create high-quality contemporary work in which all individuals can thrive.

scholarly journals Mental Health in Affectionate, Antagonistic, and Ambivalent Relationships During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Latent Profile Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Mehulić ◽  
Željka Kamenov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
Relationship Type ◽  
Relationship Types ◽  
Latent Profile

The ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents an acute stressor affecting mental health. In these stressful times, intimate relationships functioning could serve as a protective or a risk factor to the well-being of partners. Adult Croatian citizens engaged in intimate relationships (N = 727) reported their relationship characteristics and assessed symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress during the state lockdown in May 2020. Three relationship profiles based on variations in key relationship characteristics were identified using latent profile analysis. Profiles represented distinct relationship types described as affectionate, ambivalent, and antagonistic relationships. These relationship types differed in their levels of love and perception of humility, responsiveness, and behavior of the partner. Relationship type was associated with mental health symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and state lockdown. Being in an affectionate relationship was associated with the lowest levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, while in an antagonistic relationship these are in the highest levels. Ambivalent relationships were characterized by moderate levels on all measured mental health indicators with no difference in anxiety compared with affectionate relationships. The results emphasized the link between relationship functioning and successful coping with mental health hazards such as the fear of disease or restrictive measures put in place to contain the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Employee Well-Being Profiles During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Latent Profile Analysis of French and UK Employees

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta K. Harju ◽  
Joonas Rokka ◽  
Maíra Magalhães Lopes ◽  
Massimo Airoldi ◽  
Karine Raïes
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
General Level ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Mixed Feelings ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Latent Profile

The coronavirus pandemic, social distancing, and lockdown measures have had an impact on employee well-being. This study uses Latent Profile Analysis to examine subjective well-being among employees during the first lockdown based on a cross-national survey in UK and France (n = 652). We identify five distinct well-being profiles, namely Moderately positive (67%), Languishing (18%), Flourishing (8%), Mixed feelings (4%), and Apathetic (3%). The results showed that while some employees were suffering, others managed to thrive and cope with the stresses of the lockdown. We also found that the profiles could be distinguished by perceived changes in financial situation and physical health as well as experienced boredom. Our study complements prior studies that examine the relations between individual characteristics and well-being during the pandemic on a general level by showing that employee well-being under lockdown is not the same across the board.

scholarly journals The Job Demands–Resources model: Challenges for future research

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Demerouti ◽  
Arnold B. Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Safety Climate ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Value Add ◽  
And Performance

Motivation: The motivation of this overview is to present the state of the art of Job Demands–Resources (JD–R) model whilst integrating the various contributions to the special issue.Research purpose: To provide an overview of the JD–R model, which incorporates many possible working conditions and focuses on both negative and positive indicators of employee well-being. Moreover, the studies of the special issue were introduced.Research design: Qualitative and quantitative studies on the JD–R model were reviewed to enlighten the health and motivational processes suggested by the model.Main findings: Next to the confirmation of the two suggested processes of the JD–R model, the studies of the special issue showed that the model can be used to predict work-place bullying, incidences of upper respiratory track infection, work-based identity, and early retirement intentions. Moreover, whilst psychological safety climate could be considered as a hypothetical precursor of job demands and resources, compassion satisfaction moderated the health process of the model.Contribution/value-add: The findings of previous studies and the studies of the special issue were integrated in the JD–R model that can be used to predict well-being and performance at work. New avenues for future research were suggested.Practical/managerial implications: The JD–R model is a framework that can be used for organisations to improve employee health and motivation, whilst simultaneously improving various organisational outcomes.

scholarly journals A typology of masspersonal information seeking repertoires (MISR): Global implications for political participation and subjective well-being

2020 ◽  
pp. 146144482093255
Author(s):  
James H Liu ◽  
Robert Jiqi Zhang ◽  
Roosevelt Vilar ◽  
Petar Milojev ◽  
Moh. Abdul Hakim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Contact

Masspersonal information seeking repertoires are a person-centered method of gaining insight into the relationship between Internet use, subjective well-being, and political participation. Through latent profile analysis, three person types were identified in two waves of stratified samples in 18 countries ( N = 8352). In accord with the “augmentation hypothesis,” high levels of interpersonal contact and traditional mass media usage covaried with high Internet use for the highly engaged type, that had highest political participation and life satisfaction, political knowledge, low depressive symptoms and also high anxiety. The other two types fit the “displacement hypothesis,” where Internet-based media displaces traditional media and face-to-face communication. Compared with the digitally immersed, the traditional repertoire was more knowledgeable and politically engaged, and had better well-being. Latent transition analysis showed these repertoires were stable over 6 months. Identifying different types of people with different information seeking styles clarifies mixed results on effects of online mass media use.

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