scholarly journals MOVE STRUCTURES AND THEIR RHETORICAL VERBS OF RESEARCH ARTICLE ABSTRACTS ACROSS ENGLISHES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid Ibrahim Tocalo
Keyword(s):  
Writing Instruction ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Structure Abstract ◽  
Expanding Circle ◽  
Language And Education ◽  
To Come

Genre-based studies on the move structure of research article (RA) abstracts have established variations across cultures. However, previous studies included at most two countries for comparisons of abstracts written by native against non-native speakers. With the advent of World Englishes, it is deemed more practical to examine abstracts across Englishes to determine the writing conventions of the L1, L2 and EFL speakers of English. Consequently, the present study is a structural move analysis of RA abstracts focusing on the macro-structural moves across the Englishes and the lexical verbs employed used in each move. It examined 36 RA abstracts from linguistics and language and education fields, consisting of 12 abstracts each from the Inner, Outer and Expanding Circles of English by Kachru (1992). Each abstract was segmented into moves using the Five-Move Model of Santos (1996), which includes moves: (1) Situating the Research (STR); (2) Presenting the Research (PTR); (3) Discussing the Methodology (DTM); (4) Summarizing the Findings, (STF), and (5) Discussing the Research (DTR). The study found that the Inner Circle of English has the structure: Abstract  (STR) + PTR + DTM + (STF) + (DTR). The Outer Circle has the structure: Abstract  (STR) + PTR + (DTM) + STF + DTR. The Expanding Circle has the structure: Abstract  (STR) + PTR + DTM + (STF) + (DTR). The formulaic structures of abstract moves revealed that the only common move across Englishes is PTR. Following the approach of Musa et al. (2015), the lexical verbs realizing the purpose of each of the rhetorical moves were listed in order to come up with lists of rhetorical verbs which can be used in structuring an RA abstract. The study concludes with implications for academic writing instruction that calls for future abstract analyses that are world Englishes-inspired.

scholarly journals Move analysis and their lexical verbs of research article abstracts of Filipino and American writers

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-63
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid Ibrahim Tocalo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Writing Instructions ◽  
Native Speakers Of English

Rhetorical move analyses of research article (RA) abstracts have established variations across disciplines and cultures. However, there is still a need for more explorations on Applied Linguistics discipline. Comparing native and other group of non-native speakers of English, such as Filipino users of the language, has also been a neglect in research as far as the researcher’s knowledge is concerned. Hence, this study investigated the rhetorical moves in the RA abstracts of American and Filipino writers who are published in two journals related to Applied Linguistics field. The study also explored the lexical verbs underlying each move in all the abstracts. Each abstract was then segmented into moves. Findings revealed that the moves Situating the Research (STR), Presenting the Research (PTR), and Discussing the Research (DTR) were obligatorily used by both groups of writers, while the moves Describing the Methodology (DTM) and Summarizing the Findings (STF) were obligatory only among Filipinos and optional among Americans. Filipino writers appear to develop their own conventions deviating from Americans who are considered native speakers and norm providers. The results also amplify the existence of cultural differences even in abstract writing. Further, the study details lists of lexical verbs that may be used to realize a rhetorical intent of each move. Hence, academic writing instructions may be informed by the rhetorical and linguistic realizations unveiled in this study. Directions for future research are likewise provided.

scholarly journals Pondering a Global BIPA: Politeness and Impoliteness in Verbal Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
Jumanto Jumanto ◽  
Emik Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Verbal Interactions ◽  
Interpersonal Context ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Research Article ◽  
To Come

This opinionated research article is about politeness and impoliteness in verbal interactions within Indonesian interpersonal context. Accounts on politeness, camaraderie, distant language, close language, code-switching, and code-mixing are elaborated to come to the concept of impoliteness, i.e. rude situations and awkward situations. The interpersonal context here partly elaborates the types of hearer in the aspects of power and solidarity in Brown and Gilman’s theory (1968), the hearers of which are divided into superiors and close people in this article. Elements of both the Indonesian distant and close languages are presented, and how rude situations and awkward situations happen due to incompetence or ignorance of the two variants is illustrated. Illustrations of the Indonesian two variants and code-mixing of the two are given to highlight the rude and awkward situations. All this worldview on the teaching of Indonesian to non-native-speakers, i.e. pondering a global BIPA, should be regarded as efforts to develop as well as to market the Indonesian language to the global societies.              Keywords Politeness, camaraderie, impoliteness, distant language, close language, rude situation, awkward situation, incompetence, code-switching, code-mixing, BIPA  

scholarly journals A Comparative study on English language teaching to young learners around the world

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Cansu Orsel ◽  
Fatih Yavuz
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
The World ◽  
Expanding Circle ◽  
Inner Circle

Usage of the English language as Lingua Franca has caused an increasing demand on the English Language Teaching (ELT) in early childhood and according to Braj Kachru’s Three Circles Model of World Englishes as the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle, and the Expanding Circle the approaches to the Young Learners dramatically differs. Besides the features of English as a global language and the nature of early language learning, this paper also focuses on the comparison of the three different examples from the Three Circles Model of World Englishes. They are compared in terms of techniques that are used and the approaches to the Young Learners. The examples taken are from the official websites of the three countries from the Inner Circle, Outer Circle, and the Expanding Circle; respectively, New Zealand’s Ministry of Education, Indian Ministry of Human Resource Development, and the Turkish Board of Education and Instruction. Keywords: Young Learners, The World Englishes, Lingua Franca, Braj Kachru, English Language Teaching (ELT).

In case of innovation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Edwards ◽  
Rutger-Jan Lange
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
Expanding Circle ◽  
User Data ◽  
Varietal Variation ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
The One

This paper addresses the equivalence often drawn between labels such as ESL, New Englishes and Outer Circle on the one hand, and between EFL, Learner Englishes and Expanding Circle on the other. It argues that this mapping takes insufficient account of both intra-varietal variation and inter-varietal similarities. We compare the two non-native varietal types with each other and with native English on the basis of ‘user’ data from the International Corpus of English and the Corpus of Dutch English, focusing on three-word clusters in academic writing. Quantitative analyses reveal no clear grouping per circle, but rather a regional East Africa grouping. Case studies of four specific clusters (in case of, due to the, the fact that and the other hand) mostly show a native/non-native divide. Characteristics of both ESL and EFL, including innovative processes as well as learner strategies, are shown to be at play in the Outer and Expanding Circle alike. The findings are consistent with the notion of neither a strict divide between varietal types, nor a continuum.

scholarly journals THEMATIC PROGRESSIONS OF THE 2015 TEFLIN ARTICLE ABSTRACTS IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reski Oktaviani Yuned ◽  
Azwandi . ◽  
Arono .
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Abstract Section ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Thematic Progression ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Article Abstract

Coherence is one of the characteristic of good academic writing, including abstract that represent the whole content of research article in order to be able to show what messages want to be expressed in the abstract. This study investigated the English abstract TEFLIN in applied linguistisc written by Indonesian speaker in its coherence by analyzing the theme and rheme. This study focuses on (1) identifying the theme which are dominantly used in 2015 TEFLIN  article  abstracts  written  by  non-native  speaker  of English (2) identifying thematic progressions which are dominantly used in 2015 TEFLIN article abstracts written by non-native speaker of English (3) finding  out  coherences’ quality of the research  article  abstract  section  in 2105 TEFLIN article abstracts in applied linguistic  based on thematic  progression.  This study  was designed by  using descriptive qualitative. The results show that the type of theme dominantly used in 2015TEFLIN article abstracts written by non-native speaker of English is topical theme, not all  non-native  speakers  of  English  use  textual  theme,  and  just  a  few  of  them  useinterpersonal theme. In addition, Zig Zag pattern in thematic progression is dominantlyused then followed by reitaration theme, and the last Multiple (Split) pattern, none of the abstracts use Derived TP pattern. Most of the  research  article  abstract  section   in TEFLIN abstracts in applied linguistic have fair quality, just a few included to less quality, none of them was catagorized as good and poor quality. It can be concluded that English abstracts of TEFLIN in applied linguistisc written by Indonesian speakers can be catagorized as good abstract based on their coherence.

scholarly journals THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY AND WORLD ENGLISHES – TREND FOR CULTURAL ENRICHMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Z.G. Proshina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxford English Dictionary ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Expanding Circle

The article discusses the reflection by the Oxford English Dictionary the cultural and language treasury of world Englishes differentiating the global pluricentric language. Using the classifying conception of the three circles developed by B.B. Kachru, we found out that despite the OED3 editors’ claim that now they avoid the principle of exoticization and they tend to represent the everyday culture of English users, the dictionary marks the lexicon of national and postcolonial varieties only, which is a proof of their status. Meanwhile, Expanding Circle varieties of English, which outnumber those of the Inner and Outer Circle, are not mentioned as varieties of English in the dictionary, and their lexicon is included as loan words from donating languages rather than Englishes.

Dutch English: tolerable, taboo, or about time too?

English Today ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Edwards
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
National Language ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
Expanding Circle

On keeping versus ‘correcting’ Dutch flavour in English texts. As early as 1992, Cox and Furlong indicated that some already considered English a national language in the Netherlands given how widely it was understood. Likewise, McArthur announced at a 1993 conference in Amsterdam, ‘English is now simply one of your languages, along with Dutch and Frisian.’ Against this backdrop and the increasing momentum of notions of World Englishes, it is no longer far-fetched to consider seriously the proposition of Dutch English emerging as a legitimate variety of the world's lingua franca. That such varieties have emerged in ESL or ‘outer circle’ countries such as India, Nigeria and Singapore is now well established. More controversial is the idea that so, too, could they emerge from traditionally EFL countries once relegated to Kachru's (1982) ‘norm-dependent’ expanding circle (such as the Netherlands and Scandinavia), which are now seen as transitioning – or indeed having already transitioned – to the ‘norm-developing’ realm of ESL.

scholarly journals Verb Complementation in News Headlines by the Inner, Outer, and Expanding Circles

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Jess Mendoza ◽  
Cecilia Genuino ◽  
Maria Elizabeth De Luna
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
The World ◽  
Expanding Circle ◽  
Concentric Circles ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Ditransitive Verbs ◽  
News Headlines

The English language has survived the pangs of giving birth to its variations commonly called as World Englishes. Though there are many “Englishes” in the globe today, they do have similarities and differences which are manifested in the different styles employed by writers around the world. In this regard, the study aimed to analyze the structure of verb phrases in news headlines of the different countries in Kachru’s three concentric circles leading to the identification of types of verbs used. This is done to give fresher ideas into the style of headline writing by understanding what types of verbs are used by the writers from the inner, outer, and expanding circles. Using Brinton, L and Brinton, D’s (2010) structure of verb complementation, the researchers analyzed five news headlines per circle which served as their corpus in identifying the complements present in the verb phrases. This, furthermore, led to the following results: a) inner and outer circles mostly use monotransitive verbs, b) outer circle is characterized by its use of copulative verbs, inner circle by its usage of intransitive verb, and the expanding circle by its usage of prepositional and ditransitive verbs c) expanding and inner circles use diprepositional verbs while outer circle does not, d) the expanding and outer circles both use complex transitive, e) the expanding circle exhibits the characteristics of both inner and outer circles, and f) the circles overlap each other.

scholarly journals Rhoticity in Chinese English: An experimental investigation on the realization of the variant (r) in an Expanding Circle variety

2017 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Zeyu Li ◽  
Barış Kabak
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Production Data ◽  
College English ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
Speaker Variability ◽  
Expanding Circle ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Substrate Influence

The realization of postvocalic /r/ has been frequently examined in both diachronic and synchronic research on world Englishes, showing a multitude of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors to modulate the degree of rhoticity. Since rhoticity is one of the most important indices of variation across Englishes, it forms an instructive phonological marker to investigate the dynamics of norm formation in emerging varieties. While the Inner and Outer Circle varieties have been extensively studied, there is fairly little research on the variable realization of postvocalic /r/ in the Expanding Circle Englishes. Here, we fill this gap with a study on the degree of rhoticity by highly proficient users of an EFL variety emerging in China, college English teachers, who are pertinent norm providers for EFL learners. We provide a multivariate analysis of phonological and sociolinguistic factors conditioning the degree of rhoticity in Chinese English on the basis of speech production data from 13 participants. Results show that Chinese English is best categorized as marginally rhotic. Concerning the patterning of phonological variables, it aligns more with Inner Circle than Outer Circle Englishes, albeit with significant inter- and intra-speaker variability. We discuss the competing roles of norm orientation, substrate influence, and other relevant variables therein.

scholarly journals World Englishes: Changing the Paradigm of Linguistic Diversity in Global Academia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-73
Author(s):  
Azizah Alogali
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Writing Communities

This paper discusses the ways that the publications of multilingual and non-native speakers of English are treated in academic publications. Using the World Englishes theory as a framework, it attempts to enumerate which overt and hidden advantages native speakers may have over non-native speakers in academic writing communities, and how these can be deconstructed. It also explores possible solutions to this problem, both to improve non-native students' written scholarly work and to restructure global perceptions and biases towards different regional varieties of English. The paper focuses on certain gatekeeping behaviors performed by institutions of knowledge production, and on how the World Englishes theory can be applied to help improve parity in international academia.

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