scholarly journals Morphological Variability of Leonurus quinquelobatus (Lamiaceae): Environmental and Resource Potential Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Zagurskaya ◽  
Tatyana I. Siromlya ◽  
Irina I. Bayandina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Third Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Leonurus Quinquelobatus

The influence of the environment on the studied characteristics can be determined when growing genetically similar plants in different environmental conditions. The medicinal plant Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib. (five-bladed motherwort) belongs to a group of plants that are most responsive to changes of environmental conditions. Plants were grown from genetically uniform seeds in trial plots in three different southern regions of West Siberia (Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, and Kamlak Village, Altai Republic). Measurements were performed for 10 model live plants in each trial plot three times per growing season during three years. Variability of 23 vegetative and generative traits was studied based on linear, quantitative, and calculated data. The following traits correlated significantly with the phase of development: height of plant; branching of first-order shoots; length of the generative parts; inflorescence size share in plant height; width of generative part of the shoot; number of generative internodes of the first-order shoot; numbers of internodes with buds, flowers, and fruit; flowering index; fruiting index. The following traits changed significantly in different habitats: plant height; branching of first-order shoots; all generative traits studied. The branching and flowering indices changed due to the interaction of factors. The projection area of the aboveground part and the number of third-order shoots on a second-order shoot did not depend significantly on either the development phase or the growing region. For further research, the number of morphological traits under study could be reduced depending on the aims of the research

Evidence for general base catalysis by protic solvents in a kinetic study of alcoholyses and hydrolyses of 1-(phenoxycarbonyl)pyridinium ions under both solvolytic and non-solvolytic conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis N. Kevill ◽  
Byoung-Chun Park ◽  
Jin Burm Kyong
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Base Catalysis ◽  
Substitution Reactions ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Methoxy Derivative ◽  
First Order ◽  
General Base ◽  
Protic Solvents ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Pyridinium Ions

The kinetics of nucleophilic substitution reactions of 1-(phenoxycarbonyl)pyridinium ions, prepared with the essentially non-nucleophilic/non-basic fluoroborate as the counterion, have been studied using up to 1.60 M methanol in acetonitrile as solvent and under solvolytic conditions in 2,2,2-trifluoroethan-1-ol (TFE) and its mixtures with water. Under the non- solvolytic conditions, the parent and three pyridine-ring-substituted derivatives were studied. Both second-order (first-order in methanol) and third-order (second-order in methanol) kinetic contributions were observed. In the solvolysis studies, since solvent ionizing power values were almost constant over the range of aqueous TFE studied, a Grunwald–Winstein equation treatment of the specific rates of solvolysis for the parent and the 4-methoxy derivative could be carried out in terms of variations in solvent nucleophilicity, and an appreciable sensitivity to changes in solvent nucleophilicity was found.

Abundant rogue wave solutions for the (2 + 1)-dimensional generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Lu ◽  
Yufeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Vries Equation ◽  
Rogue Wave ◽  
Rogue Waves ◽  
Third Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Wave Solutions ◽  
De Vries ◽  
Rogue Wave Solutions ◽  
Bilinear Formulation ◽  
Hirota Bilinear

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse two types of rogue wave solutions generated from two improved ansatzs, to the (2 + 1)-dimensional generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation. With symbolic computation, the first-order rogue waves, second-order rogue waves, third-order rogue waves are generated directly from the first ansatz. Based on the Hirota bilinear formulation, another type of one-rogue waves and two-rogue waves can be obtained from the second ansatz. In addition, the dynamic behaviours of obtained rogue wave solutions are illustrated graphically.

scholarly journals Pore Type, Pore Structure, and Controlling Factors in the Late Triassic Lacustrine Yanchang Shale, Ordos Basin, China

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3053
Author(s):  
Ming Cheng ◽  
Yuhong Lei ◽  
Xiaorong Luo ◽  
Likuan Zhang ◽  
Xiangzeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Third Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pore Structures ◽  
Grain Sorting ◽  
Pore Types ◽  
Organic Pores

Organic-rich lacustrine shales in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation with thermal maturity mainly in the oil window are the main shale oil and shale gas system in the lacustrine strata of the Ordos Basin, China. Pore systems are important for the storage and transfer of shale oil and gas. The main objectives of this study are to identify the pore types and pore structures and investigate the controlling factors for pore types, pore structures, and total porosities of the lacustrine Yanchang Shale. In this study, organic-rich mudstones, mudstones with siltstone interlayers, siltstone, and sandstones were selected from 15 wells in the southern Ordos Basin. X-ray diffraction, pyrolysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), low-pressure nitrogen adsorption analysis, and helium porosimetry were conducted to investigate the mineral compositions, pore types, pore structures, porosities, and controlling factors. Siltstone and sandstone interlayers heterogeneously developed in the Yanchang Shale. The petrology, mineral composition, geochemistry, pore type, pore structure, and porosity of siltstone interlayers are different from those of mudstones. The siltstone and sandstone interlayers usually have more quartz and feldspars, greater detrital grain sizes, and relatively better grain sorting but are lower in clay minerals, total organic carbon (TOC), amount of free liquid hydrocarbons values (S1), and total residual hydrocarbons values (S2), compared to mudstones. Interparticle (interP), intraparticle (intraP) pores, and organic pores (OPs) were developed in both siltstones and mudstones. OPs were observed in samples with lower thermal maturity (e.g., 0.5–0.85%). The inorganic pore size is greater than that of OPs. Additionally, the inorganic pore diameters in siltstone interlayers are also greater than those in mudstones. Organic-rich mudstones generally have higher pore volumes (PVs) of pores with sizes less than 10 nm, pore volumes of pores with sizes between 10 and 50 nm (PV, 10–50 nm), and specific surface area (SSA), but they have lower PVs of pores with sizes greater than 50 nm, total PV, and porosity when compared to siltstone and sandstone interlayers. The dominant pore type in mudstones is OPs and TOC (first order), sources and OM types (second order), and thermal maturity (third order), while the abundances of rigid grains with greater sizes and grain sorting are the main controlling factors of pore structures, SSA and PV. Both inorganic pores and organic pores are abundant in the siltstone interlayers. The pore size distribution (PSD), PV, and porosity of siltstone interlayers are related to the abundance of rigid grains (first order), grain sorting (second order), grain size (third order), and carbonate cement content. The total PV and porosity of Yanchang Shale reservoirs may have increased with the increased abundance of siltstone and sandstone interlayers.

Asymptotics for third-order nonlinear differential equations: Non-oscillatory and oscillatory cases

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Calogero Vetro ◽  
Dariusz Wardowski
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Order Differential Equation ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Oscillatory Behavior ◽  
Third Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Third Order Differential Equation ◽  
Comparison Technique ◽  
First Order Differential Equations

We discuss a third-order differential equation, involving a general form of nonlinearity. We obtain results describing how suitable coefficient functions determine the asymptotic and (non-)oscillatory behavior of solutions. We use comparison technique with first-order differential equations together with the Kusano–Naito’s and Philos’ approaches.

scholarly journals Numerical Characterization of Cohesive and Non-Cohesive ‘Sediments’ under Different Consolidation States Using 3D DEM Triaxial Experiments

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
Hadar Elyashiv ◽  
Revital Bookman ◽  
Lennart Siemann ◽  
Uri ten Brink ◽  
Katrin Huhn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Cohesive Sediments ◽  
Third Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Numerical Characterization ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Individual Bond

The Discrete Element Method has been widely used to simulate geo-materials due to time and scale limitations met in the field and laboratories. While cohesionless geo-materials were the focus of many previous studies, the deformation of cohesive geo-materials in 3D remained poorly characterized. Here, we aimed to generate a range of numerical ‘sediments’, assess their mechanical response to stress and compare their response with laboratory tests, focusing on differences between the micro- and macro-material properties. We simulated two endmembers—clay (cohesive) and sand (cohesionless). The materials were tested in a 3D triaxial numerical setup, under different simulated burial stresses and consolidation states. Variations in particle contact or individual bond strengths generate first order influence on the stress–strain response, i.e., a different deformation style of the numerical sand or clay. Increased burial depth generates a second order influence, elevating peak shear strength. Loose and dense consolidation states generate a third order influence of the endmember level. The results replicate a range of sediment compositions, empirical behaviors and conditions. We propose a procedure to characterize sediments numerically. The numerical ‘sediments’ can be applied to simulate processes in sediments exhibiting variations in strength due to post-seismic consolidation, bioturbation or variations in sedimentation rates.

Panicle, spikelet, and floret development in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Fraser ◽  
Eric G. Kokko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Third Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Scanning Electron

The initial stages of panicle, spikelet, and floret development in field-grown 'Kay' orchardgrass were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Spikelets arose from a complex multilevelled sequence of initiation from branch apices. Spikelets developed indirectly in a two-tiered progression: (i) an acropetal and basipetal sequence of first order, second-order, and third-order inflorescence apices, and (ii) an acropetal development within subclusters of higher-order lateral branch inflorescence apices. The panicle had the unique feature of dorsiventrality as well as bilateral symmetry. The basal apex from first-order, second-order, or third-order apices developed on the same side of the main axis as the first-order apex. The two glumes subtending each spikelet primordium developed alternately and acropetally. Development and initiation of florets within spikelets was basipetal within the panicle, basipetal within clusters and subclusters of spikelets on lateral branches, and acropetal within spikelets. Within florets, paleas developed later than lemmas. Key words: Dactylis glomerata, cocksfoot, scanning electron microscopy, development, panicle.

A Synchrotron Radiation Study of Nonlinear Diffusion in Cu-Au

1990 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. K. Menon ◽  
P. Huang ◽  
M. Kraitchman ◽  
J. J. Hoyt ◽  
P. Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Nonlinear Diffusion ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Composition Modulation ◽  
First Order ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Modulation Wavelength

AbstractAlternate layers of pure copper and gold were vapor deposited on a sodium chloride substrate, the average concentration of the films being Cu-16at% Au and the layering periodicity (modulation wavelength) being 3.31 nm. The composition modulation gives rise to satellite diffraction peaks around the (200) Bragg reflections. Synchrotron radiation at SSRL was able to detect up to third order satellite intensity the evolution of which was measured as a function of annealing time at 515 K. Although the first order satellite intensity decayed as expected exponentially with time, intensities of both second and third order satellites decreased very rapidly at first, then increased before decaying exponentially. These results are in conformity with theoretical models of satellite evolution during annealing in a onedimensional modulated system governed by a nonlinear diffusion equation.

Geometric, Spatial Path Tracking Using Non-Redundant Manipulators via Speed-Ratio Control

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyajit Ambike ◽  
James P. Schmiedeler ◽  
Michael M. Stanisˇic´
Keyword(s):  
Path Tracking ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Redundant Manipulators ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Practical Advantage ◽  
First Order ◽  
Canonical Frame ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom

Path tracking can be accomplished by separating the control of the desired trajectory geometry and the control of the path variable. Existing methods accomplish tracking of up to third-order geometric properties of planar paths and up to second-order properties of spatial paths using non-redundant manipulators, but only in special cases. This paper presents a novel methodology that enables the geometric tracking of a desired planar or spatial path to any order with any non-redundant regional manipulator. The governing first-order coordination equation for a spatial path-tracking problem is developed, the repeated differentiation of which generates the coordination equation of the desired order. In contrast to previous work, the equations are developed in a fixed global frame rather than a configuration-dependent canonical frame, providing a significant practical advantage. The equations are shown to be linear, and therefore, computationally efficient. As an example, the results are applied to a spatial 3-revolute mechanism that tracks a spatial path. Spatial, rigid-body guidance is achieved by applying the technique to three points on the end-effector of a six degree-of-freedom robot. A spatial 6-revolute robot is used as an illustration.

Incommensurately modulated structure of TaGe0.354Te2: application of crenel functions

1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Boucher ◽  
M. Evain ◽  
V. Petříček
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Modulated Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Order ◽  
Germanium Telluride ◽  
Orthorhombic Cell ◽  
Orthogonalization Procedure

The incommensurately modulated structure of tantalum germanium telluride, TaGe0.354Te2, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The dimensions of the basic orthorhombic cell are a = 6.4394 (5), b = 14.025 (2), c = 3.8456 (5) Å, V = 347.3 (1) Å3 and Z = 4. The (3 + 1)-dimensional superspace group is Pnma(00γ)s00, γ = 0.3544 (3). Refinements on 1641 reflections with I ≥ 3σ(I) converged to R = 0.065 and 0.044 for 526 main reflections and R = 0.061, 0.12, 0.28 and 0.32 for 782 first-order, 237 second-order, 37 third-order and 59 fourth-order satellites, respectively. Since the structure exhibits a strong occupational modulation of both Ta and Ge atoms, along with important displacive modulation waves, crenel functions were used in the refinement in combination with an orthogonalization procedure. Such an approach is shown to be the most convenient and to give reliable coordinations and distances. A detailed analysis of some Te...Te distances is performed, in connection with already known commensurately and incommensurately modulated MAx Te2 structures.

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