scholarly journals Redesign of a water quantity, quality, and sediment-monitoring network in a tropical region

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-77
Author(s):  
Jorge Julian Velez-Upegui ◽  
Adela Londoño-Carvajal ◽  
Maria Valentina Solorzano-Gómez ◽  
Jaime Ignacio Vélez-Upegui ◽  
Verónica Botero-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Distance Methods ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Sediment Monitoring

The CORNARE region, located in Antioquia (Colombia), required a redesign of its water quantity, quality, and sediment-monitoring network, in order to collect convincing data to help decision-makers to respond to different technical and environmental issues. This paper proposes a methodology which is based on secondary information and which employs Geographical Information System –GIS- tools and knowledge of the region, given that historical data are unavailable in most of the region. Although the main methodology, which applied physical, anthropic, and economic factors was the same for all networks, specific strategies were used for water quantity, quality, and sediment networks in the region. These used expert criteria and weight distance methods. The results were satisfactory. Macro-location was implemented for the sites monitored in the CORNARE region, and this indicated that the proposed methodology was adequate for tropical Andean watersheds, where historical data were insufficient and did not permit the use of more complex techniques. This methodology integrates water quantity, water quality and sediment in an integrated hydrological monitoring network.

Extending Metadata Standards for Historical GIS Research

2016 ◽  
pp. 1243-1265
Author(s):  
Shelley Burleson ◽  
Alberto Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Gis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Metadata Standards ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Definitive Solution

This chapter proposes a structure for handling commonly observed uncertainties in geo-historical data, using as case studies two historical geographical information systems (HGIS) projects that interweave historical research with the geography of genocide. The first case involves the ghettoization of Budapest's Jews during the Holocaust in the second half of 1944. The more recent work, and the second case, covers the Armenian genocide spanning most of WWI and several years afterwards. The authors suggest using existing metadata standards as one way of handling the inherent uncertainties of geo-historical sources. While not a definitive solution, they argue that such an approach provides a starting point and a platform to conceptually frame the use of geo-historical data in HGIS.

scholarly journals Sustainable Development: Evaluating Optimal Technique for Spatial Data Forecast

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (22) ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
Gaurav Kumar ◽  
Rajiv Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices

This paper is an approach to forecast the spatial data in time series domain. Normally in GIS (Geographical Information System), we need raster forecasting. Moving average, exponential smoothing, and linear regression methods of forecasting are used over one-dimensional data. Present work concentrates on using these methods on satellite images applying them from pixel to pixel of historical temporal satellite data. An example set of satellite images from years 2011 to 2015 has been used to forecast the image in the year 2016. GIS tools have been developed in ArcGIS 10.1 using python to implement the methods of forecasting. Forecasted and actual images of the year 2016 have been compared by calculating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) and change detection to identify the best method.

scholarly journals South African and Singaporean exporters: Their attitudes, information sources and export problems

1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Burgess ◽  
Nicola Oldenboom
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Managerial Leadership ◽  
Export Behaviour ◽  
Secondary Information

South Africa's emergence from years of political and regulatory trade barriers has focussed attention on South African exporters. In a replication of Elliot Krasnostein's study of 54 Singaporean exporters, the perceptions, attitudes and characteristics of a representative sample of 321 experienced South African exporters and their decision makers were investigated. Consistent with other international studies, the results suggest that managerial, organizational and environmental forces and perceptions motivate export behaviour. However, South African firms clearly are responding to unique situational factors and national export resources as well. The findings indicate that managerial leadership, supportive attitudes and extensive exporting experience are widely available in South Africa. Secondary information sources could be improved and freight costs reduced to improve South African export effectiveness.

scholarly journals Rural Electrification Pathways: An Implementation of LEAP and GIS Tools in Mali

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3338
Author(s):  
Vittorio Sessa ◽  
Ramchandra Bhandari ◽  
Abdramane Ba
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Information Tools ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Analysis Platform

Remote rural populations do not often have the luxury of viable multisource electricity generation systems. Considering fossil fuels for remote populated areas is not often a viable option due to the fuel transportation costs and the population’s socioeconomic status. Extending the grid is often economically prohibitive. This paper proposes possible ways in which Mali could increase the rate of population with access to electricity by 2050 using Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP) and geographical information tools. The current energy situation is assessed, and multiple demand and supply scenarios are created to find the most viable option in environmental and economic dimensions. A minimum of 50% reduction of biomass consumption in the residential sector and a maximum of 71% was achieved through the combination of grid extension and decentralized solar PV. Solar PV becomes the preferable option when enough time for the effects of electricity on income is given. When these effects are not present, solar PV is still a better option, as the amount of biomass replaced with electricity is reduced.

INTEGRATING SCAT DATA AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO SUPPORT SHORELINE CLEANUP OPERATIONS

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Lamarche ◽  
Edward H. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Gis Technology

ABSTRACT An analysis of the work performed by the various teams involved in shoreline cleanup operations has been applied to the design of an approach for the integration of data collected by the SCAT process with electronic maps produced by geographical information system (GIS) technology. This has led to the implementation of a PC-based system that incorporates a database of SCAT information, a knowledge base on oil behavior and shoreline cleanup, and a GIS. The system provides support to data collection using the SCAT approach for field teams and to map-based data analysis for planners and managers. In the course of this work, a set of the maps that are considered the most useful for summarizing information about shoreline conditions was designed and evaluated. This evaluation initially involved consultation with individuals experienced in shoreline cleanup. The applicability of the map representation for decision making was further tested during spill drills. SCAT surveys generate a large volume of data that need to be captured and integrated. There is a risk that this large amount of information might overwhelm decision makers involved in the management of shoreline cleanup operations. The paper describes the various modifications that were made to the SHORECLEAN software package to provide some solutions to these problems. These include providing specialized SCAT data entry forms, automating the links between a SCAT database and a GIS, and producing map representations that provide clear, useful, and nonmisleading information for decision makers.

The VIOLA Project: Natural background levels for the groundwater bodies of Apulia Region (Southern Italy)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Masciale ◽  
Stefano Amalfitano ◽  
Eleonora Frollini ◽  
Stefano Ghergo ◽  
Marco Melita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Apulia Region ◽  
Background Levels ◽  
Sampling Procedures

<p>The European Water Directives (WDs, 2000/60/EC; 2006/118/EC) force Member States to proceed to the characterization of groundwater bodies in order to define their quantitative and chemical status and their environmental objectives. Since the earlier years of this century, the Department of Water Resources Management of the Apulia Region implemented the WDs by setting a wide groundwater monitoring network, delineating regional groundwater bodies and characterizing their status. The groundwater bodies characterization showed that the risk of not achieving a good status was generally related to salt contamination and the exceedance of the threshold values or the quality standards for some parameters (e.g., NO<sub>3</sub>, Fe, Mn), as expected for regions with a predominantly agricultural vocation and characterized by extensive coastal development. The main regional aquifers reside in the carbonate bedrock characterized by intense fracturing and karstification.</p><p>The groundwater Directive 2006/118/EC allows the evaluation of Natural Background Levels (NBLs) to be taken into account when establishing the relevant threshold values.</p><p>During the last years, the IRSA-CNR collaborated with the National Environmental Protection Agency (ISPRA) in defining scientifically based guidelines for the NBLs assessment and clarifying some methodological aspects. These guidelines suggest excluding water samples characterised by high levels of specific markers clearly indicating anthropogenic inputs.</p><p>The project "VIOLA - Natural background levels for the groundwater bodies of Apulia Region ", has been funded by the Department of Water Resources Management of the Apulia Region for carrying out the application and validation of the above mentioned methodologies and to develop and test methodologies better tailored for coastal aquifers. In particular, isotopic techniques will be used to discriminate between the anthropogenic and natural origin of the salinization and historical data of groundwater salinization will be processed in order to study its evolution in time. . Finally, the investigation of innovative microbiological techniques is envisaged to evaluate how changes in groundwater quality will affect the resident microbial community properties involved in C-flux.</p><p>The VIOLA project will last three years during which the IRSA-CNR will:</p><ul><li>collect and order all the background knowledge relating to the hydro-geo-chemical characteristics of the Apulian groundwater bodies,</li> <li>define adequate groundwater sampling procedures and assessment protocols for the NBLs,</li> <li>carry out field activities, aimed at sampling groundwater at a specific monitoring network and measuring values of main physico-chemical and microbiological parameters, in the study area of the coastal Murgia groundwater body, and</li> <li>produce tools to support the planning and management of groundwater resources integrated in a GIS environment.</li> </ul><p>This contribution aims at providing an overview at the ongoing activities at the regional scale, illustrating the groundwater bodies setting, the main pressures and the preliminary derivation of NBL using the historical data.</p>

An Integrated Model for Simulating and Evaluating Water Resources Sustainability at Laoshan Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 880-885
Author(s):  
Jie Jun Yang ◽  
Jun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity ◽  
Water Resources Utilization ◽  
Water Resources Sustainability

An integrated model was developed for evaluating water resources sustainability. In the model, a new index was developed based on nineteen indicators related socio-economic, eco-environment and water resources. The interrelationships between indicators were quantified based on mathematical models. The integrated model was applied to simulate the water resources sustainability in Laoshan Region successfully from 2010 to 2030 after validation and calibration using historical data which has low relative errors and relative standard deviation (<10%). The results indicate that the sustainable solution to water resources utilization in Laoshan Region is to supply different types of water resources to different water resources demand sectors based on requirements on water quality and quantity. The integrated model developed in this study is useful for decision-makers to simulate and evaluate the water resources sustainability.

Applicability of GIS tools in assessing performance of the transportation systems in urban areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Moshabeb Al-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate applicability of geographical information system (GIS) tools in assessing performance of the transportation systems which integrate spatial and GIS parameters and indicators. Design/methodology/approach – In this context, performance measures have been objectively related to the strategic goals and objectives identified by policy makers in particular areas. Findings – Results suggest that as a result of on the characteristics of transportation system, further understanding and considerations have been achieved regarding the performance of the investigated transportation systems and the needed transport polices in the study areas. Originality/value – The integrating of spatial data with the conventional data to assess performance of the transportation system.

Collaborative Modeling Using System Dynamics for Water Resource Management

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Sun ◽  
V. C. Tidwell ◽  
R. Thomas ◽  
J. R. Brainard ◽  
P. H. Kobos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Hydrologic Cycle ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Collaborative Modeling

Water resource management for most Southwestern states requires collaborative solutions that cross regional, state, and federal judicial boundaries. As most of the region experiences drought-like conditions as well as population growth, there is a growing concern about sustainability of the water resource to meet industrial, agricultural, and residential demands. Technically, seeking a consensus path requires modeling of the hydrologic cycle within a prescribed region. Credible models must capture key interdependencies of various water resources, use historical data for calibration, and provide temporal/spatial resolutions that are aligned with the interests of the decision makers.

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