scholarly journals Theological resources for building resilience to gangster identity formations. A study of the Cape Flats

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Vorster
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Psychosocial Studies ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theological Discourse ◽  
Identity Formations

This essay probes the remedial promise of Christian narratives on resilience in creating buffers against gangster identity formation on the Cape Flats. First, we consult and compare both quantitative and qualitative psychosocial studies on the causes of gangster identity formation on the Cape Flats. Thereafter, we discuss the dominant Christian narratives on resilience and examine their applicability and remedial potential for the specific social setting. The essay finds that the social settings within which gangster identities are formed determine to a large degree the kind of resilience competencies that have to be instilled in individuals and communities, as well as the type of theological discourse that ought to be followed. A certain type of theological discourse on resilience might be helpful in creating buffers against gangster identity formation within some communities of the Cape Flats, but the same narrative could yield negative results in others. The type of theological approach followed should therefore be closely aligned to the audience addressed to ensure that the competencies instilled in communities do not, in fact, grow into risk factors.

The Social Network(s) of the Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period Treasurers: Rehuerdjersen, Siese, Ikhernefret and Senebsumai

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-287
Author(s):  
Danijela Stefanović
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Social

Abstract Studies on the ancient Egyptian administrative system(s) are usually based on analysis of the institutions and officials attached to them. The present paper focuses on the social settings of the four Middle Kingdom / Second Intermediate Period highest ranking officials, i.e., treasurers. Starting with the traditional methodological approach, which focuses on collecting the prosopographic data, this paper further addresses the implementation of Social Network Analysis (SNA) tools for analyzing the obtained material. SNA is used to study people, or groups of people (nodes), linked together through social interaction, and relations or links between them (edges). SNA exemplifies various types of interaction through networks and analyzes them. By applying SNA methodology for studying the networks of the selected treasurers, it is possible to reconstruct more precisely their social setting (both private and institutional) and interrelations, which complement the traditional approach, but also provide new possibilities for research into ancient Egyptian administration.

scholarly journals Exploring the Past, Present, and Future of Forensic Linguistics Study: A Brief Overview

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatum Derin ◽  
Budianto Hamuddin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Forensic Linguistics ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

Post-print of The First Conference of Indonesian Community for Forensic Linguistics (KLFI-1)What marked forensic linguistics as unique is its young age compared to other disciplines. Here we review and collected 88 articles that strongly related to Forensic Linguistic (FL) from time to time. These articles help to reveal from its conceptualisation in 1968 to its fame in 1988, how it responds to the great diversity of people, and what form it may take in the future. A literature-based analysis as library research in nature helps in defining the FL issue and manage to see in the early stages was merely concerned about the use of language in legal cases. As society continues to change, FL has linked with so many other disciplines besides law. Therefore the definition of this discipline may also transform. Presently, FL no longer limits itself to the particular social setting of a courtroom but could be applied to the virtual world or cyberspace influences users negatively and dynamically developed. There is a line of proof that FL will be used to prevent and predict the social settings between citizens who could easily be not law-abiding as they seem. Shortly, the use of FL will be much more accessible to individuals through artificial intelligence (AI). Moreover, individuals will no longer need to hire experts and be able to use FL with freely available artificial intelligence (AI).

scholarly journals Construction of Gendered Identities through Cultural Memory in Moses Isegawa’s Novel, Snakepit

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-668
Author(s):  
Remmy Shiundu Barasa
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Creative Writing ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Gendered Identity ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Gendered Identities ◽  
Colonial Theory ◽  
Identity Formations

Creative writing from Uganda hardly passes without the mention of the Idi Amin era which has significantly influenced the writing from that country. In this paper I examine how Isegawa narrates a people’s cultural memory to define gender identities in his novel, Snakepit. Cultural memory permeates individual as well as social identity formation. Narrating cultural memory results from long interactions with others as well as semiotic objects in a particular social setting. Snakepit was purposively sampled to underscore the interpenetrating relationship between cultural memory and gendered identity formations. The discussion applies itself to the post-colonial theory to explore and make meaning out of the narrative.

scholarly journals Social context modulates basic properties of oculomotor control

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Strukelj ◽  
Tom Foulsham ◽  
Marcus Nyström
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Oculomotor Control ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vertical Saccades ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Experimental Group

Experiments performed in a lab are often considered generalizable over both people and social settings. The problems with generalizing over different groups of people are well known, but it is only recently that changes in behavior depending on the social setting have been examined. Large changes in behavior can be seen in trivial cognitive tasks, depending on whether the participant is alone or if other people are present. However, there are very few studies which have measured eye movements in social settings. In this paper, we used the antisaccade task to test whether basic parameters of oculomotor control are sensitive to the size of an experimental group. 70 participants conducted 48 antisaccade trials in groups of one to seven people in a classroom equipped with multiple eye trackers. The results show that for horizontal saccades, but not for vertical saccades, participants make significantly more antisaccade errors when the group size become larger. The group size did however not significantly predict a change in antisaccade latency. These results are in line with a number of recent studies on social attention showing that the mere presence of other people in the room can modulate several aspects of performance, and show that behavior in a lab might not be easily generalizable to everyday life or social situations. Finally, from a methodological viewpoint, the results show that the group size should be considered when testing participants in a social setting.

Our Most Troubling Madness

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Defeat ◽  
Social World ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
The West ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Brain Alteration ◽  
Benign Course ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
The Way

This book examines the way schizophrenia is shaped by its social context: how life is lived with this madness in different settings, and what it is about those settings that alters the course of the illness, its outcome, and even the structure of its symptoms. Until recently, schizophrenia was perhaps our best example—our poster child—for the “bio-bio-bio” model of psychiatric illness: genetic cause, brain alteration, pharmacologic treatment. We now have direct epidemiological evidence that people are more likely to fall ill with schizophrenia in some social settings than in others, and more likely to recover in some social settings than in others. Something about the social world gets under the skin. This book presents twelve case studies written by psychiatric anthropologists that help to illustrate some of the variability in the social experience of schizophrenia and that illustrate the main hypotheses about the different experience of schizophrenia in the west and outside the west--and in particular, why schizophrenia seems to have a more benign course and outcome in India. We argue that above all it is the experience of “social defeat” that increases the risk and burden of schizophrenia, and that opportunities for social defeat are more abundant in the modern west. There is a new role for anthropology in the science of schizophrenia. Psychiatric science has learned—epidemiologically, empirically, quantitatively—that our social world makes a difference. But the highly structured, specific-variable analytic methods of standard psychiatric science cannot tell us what it is about culture that has that impact. The careful observation enabled by rich ethnography allows us to see in more detail what kinds of social and cultural features may make a difference to a life lived with schizophrenia. And if we understand culture’s impact more deeply, we believe that we may improve the way we reach out to help those who struggle with our most troubling madness.

Political psychology in the digital (mis)information age: A model of news belief and sharing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Joseph Van Bavel ◽  
Elizabeth Ann Harris ◽  
Philip Pärnamets ◽  
Steve Rathje ◽  
Kimberly Doell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
The Social

The spread of misinformation, including “fake news,” propaganda, and conspiracy theories, represents a serious threat to society, as it has the potential to alter beliefs, behavior, and policy. Research is beginning to disentangle how and why misinformation is spread and identify processes that contribute to this social problem. We propose an integrative model to understand the social, political, and cognitive psychology risk factors that underlie the spread of misinformation and highlight strategies that might be effective in mitigating this problem. However, the spread of misinformation is a rapidly growing and evolving problem; thus scholars need to identify and test novel solutions, and work with policy makers to evaluate and deploy these solutions. Hence, we provide a roadmap for future research to identify where scholars should invest their energy in order to have the greatest overall impact.

Solidarity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dwan
Keyword(s):  
Social Setting ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Internal Coherence

Orwell’s writings repeatedly extol the virtues of solidarity, or what he liked to call brotherhood. But brotherhood was often something of an ordeal for Orwell as much as it was a coveted value and practice. The issue may be partly a question of character, but it also had a conceptual element: a) the compatibility of solidarity with other values, b) its internal coherence, as it sometimes re-enlists the social divisions it seeks to transcend, c) its problematic scope given its seemingly partisan nature, and d) its practicality in a modern social setting. This chapter examines these four issues in detail, showing how they contribute to the particular heft of Orwell’s writing—its angular sympathies and superbly uneven tone.

The First Half of the Twentieth Century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Freshwater Conservation ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Welfare State

The years between 1900 and 1945 were very difficult for humanity. In this period, not only were there two world wars to survive but also some of the worst parts of the social, economic, and environmental challenges of sustainable development all began to make themselves felt. The one area in which progress was made was in the social context, in which the rights of workers and the welfare state expanded. The idea of ‘development’, especially for the developing world, also evolved in this period. In the economic arena, the world went up, and then crashed in the Great Depression, producing negative results that were unprecedented. In environmental terms, positive templates were created for some habitat management, some wildlife law, and parts of freshwater conservation. Where there was not so much success was with regard to air and chemical pollution.

scholarly journals Narratives of Change: Identity and Recognition Dynamics in the Process of Moving Away From a Life Dominated by Drug Use

2021 ◽  
pp. 009145092110270
Author(s):  
Inger Eide Robertson ◽  
Hildegunn Sagvaag ◽  
Lillian Bruland Selseng ◽  
Sverre Nesvaag
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Positive Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Changing Practices ◽  
Struggle For Recognition ◽  
Depth Interviews

The concepts of identity and recovery capital are recognized as being an embedded part of moving away from a life dominated by drug use. However, the link between these two concepts and the effect of broader social structures, and the normative assumptions underpinning the condition of recovery, is less explored. This article focuses on the social practices of everyday life in the foreground of identity formation, meaning that “who I am” is an inseparable part of “what I do.” A narrative approach was employed to analyze qualitative follow-up data extracted from 48 in-depth interviews with 17 males and females with drug-using experience that were conducted posttreatment on three separate occasions over a period of 2.5 years. Theories of identity formation were employed to analyze the interdependent dynamic between social structure, persona and social resources, and way of life and identity. The analyses identified four narratives related to how people present themselves through the process of changing practices. Following the work of Honneth, we argue that the positive identity formation revealed in these narratives is best understood as a struggle for recognition via the principle of achievement. However, the participants’ self-narratives reflected cultural stories—specified as formula stories—of “normality,” “addiction,” and the “addict,” which work into the concepts of self and confine options of storying experiences during the recovery process. This study demonstrate that the process of recovery is culturally embedded and constitutes a process of adaption to conventional social positions and roles. We suggest challenging dominant discourses related to “addiction as a disease” and “normality” in order to prevent stigma related to drug use and recovery. In so doing, it may contribute to broaden conditions for identity (trans)formation for people in recovery.

Media Ethics, Moral Controversies, and the Sociology of Critique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hove
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Moral Evaluation ◽  
Media Ethics ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Descriptive Framework ◽  
Normative Justification

Abstract Communication scholars have begun to investigate various links between empirical research and normative theory. In that vein, this article explores how Boltanski and Thévenot’s sociology of critique can enhance our empirical and normative understanding of controversies in media ethics. The sociology of critique and its justification model provide a comprehensive descriptive framework for studying practices of moral evaluation and the social goods at stake in them. First, I discuss some prevailing approaches in media ethics. Second, I explicate how the sociology of critique defines situations of normative justification and supplies a model of their basic requirements. Third, I show how this model can be used to analyze the social background of a media ethics controversy. Last, I suggest how the descriptive approach of the sociology of critique can identify conditions in morally pluralistic social settings that pose challenges to normative theories.

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