scholarly journals Time perspective, perceived stress, self-control and relationship satisfaction in heterosexual dating relationships of emerging adults

Psicologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Huić ◽  
Tina Krznarić ◽  
Željka Kamenov
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Time Perspectives ◽  
Negative Effect

This study investigates possible protective and vulnerability factors in the link between perceived stress and relationship satisfaction in dating relationships of emerging adults. We investigate whether self-control, as a positive self-regulation resource, serves as a buffer mitigating the negative effect of stress on relationships. We posited a pathway model in which we examine whether maladaptive time-perspectives represent vulnerability factors leading to higher perceived stress which is in turn associated with impaired self-control and lower relationship satisfaction. In an on-line survey, we collected data on time perspectives, perceived stress, self-control and relationship satisfaction from 360 emerging adults in heterosexual dating relationships. Perceived stress was associated with impaired self-control and lower relationship satisfaction. Past-negative, but not present-fatalistic perspective, was associated with more perceived stress which mediated the relationship between past-negative perspective and relationship satisfaction. However, adding this vulnerability factor to the model lead to self-control no longer having a significant buffering effect.

scholarly journals INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS IN CONTEXT: STRESS SPILLOVER, RELATIONSHIP EFFICACY, AND RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Ivana Bahun ◽  
Aleksandra Huić
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Relationship Efficacy ◽  
The Relationship

Recently, research has shown that stress experienced outside the relationship is negatively associated with relationship outcomes, such as relationship satisfaction. However, the exact mechanisms through which this phenomenon, also known as stress spillover, effects relationships are not completely clarified. Also, most of the studies utilized married couples, and less is known about stress spillover in dating relationships. The aim of this study was to investigate relations between external stress, relationship efficacy, and relationship satisfaction in dating relationships. A total number of 390 men and women, aged from 18 to 35 participated in the study. Our participants were dating for at least six months, but did not live with their partners. The results showed that experiencing greater levels of external stress was associated with lower relationship satisfaction. Both experienced external sources of stress and perceived distress significantly contributed to explaining relationship satisfaction. The results indicated that relationship efficacy mediateed the relationship between experienced and perceived stress and relationship satisfaction. Higher levels of experienced and perceived stress were associated with lower perception of relationship efficacy, which was related to lower relationship satisfaction. Our findings point to the importance of self-regulation processes for relationships outcomes in dating relationships in emerging adulthood. It seems that lower relationship efficacy partly explains the detrimental effects of external stress spillover on relationships.

Who Believes in Nonlimited Willpower? In Search of Correlates of Implicit Theories of Self-Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-299
Author(s):  
Jan Jędrzejczyk ◽  
Marcin Zajenkowski
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Strength Model ◽  
Domain Specific

Recently, the most prominent model of self-control, the strength model, was criticized, and other explanations of self-control have been proposed. One of them is a concept of lay, implicit, willpower theories, that is, believing either that willpower is limited (as in the strength model) or nonlimited. Research shows that holding a nonlimited-resource belief prevents individuals from suffering ego depletion and is related to successful self-regulation. The current study explored how personality, time perspective, and intelligence predict willpower theories. Additionally, two aspects of willpower theories, strenuous mental activity and resistance to temptations, were measured separately. The results indicated that the two aspects of willpower theories were not correlated with each other. This supports hypothesis that willpower theories may be domain specific and also suggests that these two aspects should not be aggregated into one, homogenous scale as was done in some previous research. Both aspects of holding a nonlimited-resource theory were related positively to emotional stability and negatively to past negative time perspective. Strenuous mental activity was positively associated with intellect and negatively with present fatalism, whereas resistance to temptations was correlated positively with conscientiousness and future time perspective. There were no relations between willpower theories and intelligence, which posits that similar life outcomes related with these two attributes are based on distinct mechanisms. Regression analyses revealed that only personality traits (emotional stability and conscientiousness) remained significant predictors of willpower beliefs.

Shopping experiences in visually complex environments: a self-regulation account

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich R. Orth ◽  
Jochen Wirtz ◽  
Amelia McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Perceptual Load ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Advance Theory ◽  
Shopping Goals ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Providing satisfying shopping experiences is a major goal in retail management because satisfaction guides re-patronage behavior. This study aims to demonstrate that the visual complexity of an environment’s interior design (i.e., the overall amount of visual information in an environment) influences the shopping experience by impairing customers’ information processing and self-regulation resources. Design/methodology/approach Two quasi-experimental field studies were conducted in two different cultural contexts (i.e., Germany and Singapore) to enhance the external validity and robustness of the findings. Findings Both studies provide evidence that an environment’s visual complexity impairs the shopping experience. Study 1 shows that visual complexity places a perceptual load on customers which mediates the complexity-experience relationship. Study 2 replicates this finding in a different setting and extends it by showing that load relates to lower self-control, which in turn, mars the experience. Furthermore, the negative effect of complexity on the experience is more pronounced with shoppers pursuing utilitarian rather than hedonic shopping goals. Research limitations/implications Our findings in a supermarket context may not transfer to environments in which the visual design is an important component of the value proposition and where shopping goals are largely hedonic in nature. Practical implications Our findings advance theory by showing that it is perceptual load and its outcome, reduced perceived self-control, which are largely responsible for the negative effect of visual complexity on the shopping experience. This finding should encourage managers to proactively manage and reduce the complexity of their service environments. Originality/value This study is the first to show HOW the visual complexity of a retail environment influences a customer's shopping experience. It offers novel insights into the underlying mechanism of perceptual load and self-control as process mediators of visual complexity on the shopping experience.

Emerging adults’ received and desired support from parents: Evidence for optimal received–desired support matching and optimal support surpluses

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 3448-3470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Response Surface Modeling ◽  
Informational Support ◽  
Network Support ◽  
Polynomial Regressions

This study examined parental support to emerging adults from a support gap perspective, which focuses on discrepancies between the amount of support received and the amount of support desired. Analyzing survey data collected from a sample of emerging adults in college ( N = 341) with polynomial regressions and response surface modeling, the current study revealed that implications of support gaps differed by the support type, directionality of the discrepancy (i.e., support deficits or surpluses), and outcome of interest. For all types of support, emerging adults’ perceived stress was lowest when received and desired parental support were congruent. However, received–desired support congruence corresponded with the highest levels of relationship satisfaction only for informational support. For nurturant support (i.e., emotional, esteem, network support), a certain degree of support surplus corresponded with the highest level of relationship satisfaction, demonstrating an “optimal surpluses” phenomenon. Additionally, relationship satisfaction was higher when received and desired support from parents matched at a higher than at a lower level.

Time for love: Partners’ time perspectives predict relationship satisfaction in romantic heterosexual couples

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Stolarski ◽  
Katarzyna Wojtkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Kwiecińska
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
General Relationship ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Relationship Length ◽  
Time Perspectives ◽  
Balanced Time Perspective

The aim of the present research was to explore the role of individual differences in time perspective (TP) in predicting two relationship quality indicators: general relationship satisfaction and sexual satisfaction, in romantic heterosexual couples. A total amount of 100 dyads took part in the study. Our study revealed that relationship satisfaction indices are predicted by partners’ time perspectives; both actor and partner effects proved significant. For instance, past-negative was related to lower general relationship satisfaction, whereas past-positive proved detrimental to sexual satisfaction. Higher relationship (but not sexual) satisfaction was related to a more balanced time perspective. Moreover, we demonstrated that the role of some time perspective dimensions may change with relationship length, e.g., a relationship between future-positive (FP) time perspective and females’ relationship satisfaction proved to change across relationship course from significantly negative to strongly positive. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found no evidence for assortative mating effects for time perspective dimensions. The present results provide evidence for the role of psychological temporality in relationship functioning and suggests potential utility of time perspective theories in practical interventions aimed to improve romantic relationships’ quality.

scholarly journals Development of the General Self-regulation Scale for a Healthy Lifestyle (GSRSHL) among Japanese University Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiran Wang ◽  
Robert Urban ◽  
Adrien Rigó ◽  
Yoshiko Kato
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Balanced Diet

Abstract Background: A healthy lifestyle of students is an important contributor to both quality of life and longevity. The objective of this study was to develop a new measurement scale, the General Self-regulation Scale for a Healthy Lifestyle (GSRSHL), for university students. Methods: A total of 434 university students (281 male, 153 female) participated in this study. To confirm the validity of the new scale, we examined the relationship among the GSRSHL, the Japanese version of the Brief Self-control Scale, perceived stress, and life satisfaction.Results: The exploratory factor analysis of 15 items yielded two correlated factors: “planning achievement” and “emotional control.” The new scale showed good internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis with covariate analysis demonstrated that “planning achievement” and “emotional control” were positively associated with self-regulation and life satisfaction. “Emotional control” related negatively to perceived stress. “Planning achievement” increased the odds of adequate sleep, balanced diet, and physical exercise. “Emotional control” increased the odds of consuming breakfast, having adequate sleep, following a balanced diet, and having less stress.Conclusions: Our study provided evidence of the validity and the applicability of the GSRSHL in Japanese students.

scholarly journals Perceived Stress as A Mediator in The Relationship between Time Perspectives and Alcohol Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Sry Ayu Nashria ◽  
Dyah Triarini Indarsari
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Time Perspectives ◽  
The Relationship

Heavy drinking is injurious to health and may even lead to death. Previous studies showed that Past-Negative, Present-Fatalistic, and Future time perspectives influence alcohol consumption; however, this study presents evidence that contradicts these claims. Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) transactional model of stress and coping explains that cognitive processes, such as perceived stress, are responsible for individual choices of coping strategies or decision to consume alcoholic beverages. Personal factors also influence time perspectives. This study applies the aforementioned model to hypothesize that the relationship between time perspectives and alcohol consumption is mediated by perceived stress. A total of 307 participants aged 18–22 years (late adolescence) who were habitual consumers of alcohol participated in this study. Mediation analysis was employed and it was revealed that perceived stress did not mediate the relationship between Past-Negative and Present-Fatalistic time perspectives and alcohol consumption. However, perceived stress was found to be a mediator in the relationship between Future time perspective and alcohol consumption. To summarize, dominant Past-Negative and Present-Fatalistic time perspectives can cause alcohol consumption in individuals who possess specific characteristics. Conversely, stress can precipitate alcohol consumption for individuals evincing the Future time perspective.

scholarly journals TIME PERSPECTIVE AND SELF-CONTROL IN HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES

TEME ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kostić
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Short Version ◽  
School Students ◽  
Time Perspectives

The aim of this research is to examine the relation between time perspectives and self-control in final-year high school students. Time perspective refers to the importance an individual gives to their past, present or future. Self-control represents a conscious intention of an individual to control his/her emotions, thoughts and behaviour. The basic research problem which we have set refers to determining the prognostic capabilities of time perspectives in explaining self-control in our sample. The research included 110 fourth-grade students from grammar school, high school of economics and high school of technology. The gender structure consists of 38 (34.5%) males and 72 (65.5%) females. The dimensions of time perspectives are operationalized by a short version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI-short) with 18 items, by Kostal et al. (2015). The scale has six factors – Positive Past and Negative Past, Hedonistic Present and Fatalistic Present and Positive Future and Negative Future. Each factor is determined by three items. The reliability of the entire test on our sample is α=0.73. The construct of self-control is operationalized by a Self-Control Scale, created by Tangney, Baumeister & Boone (2004). The scale has one factor and includes 13 items. The reliability of the test on our sample is α=0.67. The results have confirmed that there is a significant predictor relation (p < 0.05) between time perspectives and self-control in high school graduates. The assumed model explains 21.4% of variance of self-control in final-year high school students. Out of the dimensions of time perspectives, two are statistically significant for explaining the variance of self-control – the Hedonistic Present β = -.404 and a Positive Orientation toward the Future β = .220. The obtained results are logical and they indicate that students who tend to enjoy the present have lower self-control, while those who believe in the positive future have higher self-control.

A Longitudinal Study of Mental Health in Emerging Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica S. Bachmann ◽  
Hansjörg Znoj ◽  
Katja Haemmerli
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Consistency Model ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Health Model

Emerging adulthood is a time of instability. This longitudinal study investigated the relationship between mental health and need satisfaction among emerging adults over a period of five years and focused on gender-specific differences. Two possible causal models were examined: (1) the mental health model, which predicts that incongruence is due to the presence of impaired mental health at an earlier point in time; (2) the consistency model, which predicts that impaired mental health is due to a higher level of incongruence reported at an earlier point in time. Emerging adults (N = 1,017) aged 18–24 completed computer-assisted telephone interviews in 2003 (T1), 2005 (T2), and 2008 (T3). The results indicate that better mental health at T1 predicts a lower level of incongruence two years later (T2), when prior level of incongruence is controlled for. The same cross-lagged effect is shown for T3. However, the cross-lagged paths from incongruence to mental health are marginally associated when prior mental health is controlled for. No gender differences were found in the cross-lagged model. The results support the mental health model and show that incongruence does not have a long-lasting negative effect on mental health. The results highlight the importance of identifying emerging adults with poor mental health early to provide support regarding need satisfaction.

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