scholarly journals Effects of Acacia Honey Drink after Exercise-Induced Dehydration on Selected Physiological Parameters and Subsequent Running Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 2293-2308
Author(s):  
Aidi-Naim Mohamad Samsani ◽  
Kiew Ooi Foong ◽  
Chee Keong Chen ◽  
Mohamed Saat Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Sports Drink ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acacia Honey

This study examined the effect of honey supplementation on exercise performance and biochemical markers in comparison to plain water and sports drink in the heat. Ten recreational athletes (Age: 22.2 ± 2.0 years, weight: 65.7 ± 5.3 kg; height: 170.4 ± 3.5 cm; VO2max: 51.5 ± 3.7 mL.kg−1.min−1) participated in this study. Participants ran at 70% of their VO2max for 1 h in a pre-load phase (Run-1), followed by a rehydration phase for 2 h and then a 20 min self-paced time trial (Run-2). After Run-1, participants drank either Acacia honey, sports drink or plain water with an amount equivalent to 150% of body weight loss. Subsequently, the participants performed the 20 min self-paced time trial. Acacia honey elicited an improved running time trial performance with a significantly (p<0.05) longer distance ran compared to plain water trial, but it was not different from the sports drink trial. In addition, there was no significant difference in running performance between sports drink and plain water trials. Plasma glucose, insulin and free fatty acids were significantly (p<0.05) higher in H and sports drink compared to the W trial during the rehydration phase. There were no significant differences in body weight changes, oxygen uptake, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, tympanic temperature, plasma volume changes, plasma cortisol, urine osmolality, volume, and specific gravity among the three trials. Thus, Acacia honey can be recommended to be used as a rehydration drink for individuals who train and compete in the heat.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Integrase Inhibitors on Body Weight in Patients with HIV/AIDS: A Network Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruojing Bai ◽  
Shiyun Lv ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Lili Dai
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Global antiretroviral therapy has entered the era of integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI). Because INSTIs have the advantages of high antiviral efficacy, rapid virus inhibition, and good tolerance, they have become the first choice in international acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) treatment guidelines. However, they may also increase the risk of obesity. There are differences in the effects of different INSTIs on weight gain in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection / AIDS patients, but there is no evidence-based medical evidence. This study aimed to assess the effect of different INSTIs on body weight in HIV/AIDS patients.Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang databases were searched by computer to screen the relevant literature on INSTI treatment of HIV/AIDS patients, extract the data on weight changes in the literature, and perform network meta-analysis using Stata16.0 software.Results: Eight articles reported weight changes in HIV/AIDS patients, and weight gain was higher after treatment with dolutegravir (DTG) than with elvitegravir (EVG) in HIV/AIDS patients, and the difference was statistically significant [MD = 1.13, (0.18, 2.07)]. The network meta-analysis's consistency test results showed no overall and local inconsistency, and there was no significant difference in the results of the direct and indirect comparison (P > 0.05). The rank order of probability was DTG (79.2%) > Bictegravir (BIC) (77.9%) > Raltegravir (RAL) (33.2%) > EVG (9.7%), suggesting that DTG may be the INSTI drug that causes the most significant weight gain in HIV/AIDS patients.Conclusion: According to the literature data analysis, among the existing INSTIs, DTG may be the drug that causes the highest weight gain in HIV/AIDS patients, followed by BIC.

scholarly journals A 90-Day Oral Toxicity of Hydroethanolic Root Extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Komlan M. Dossou-Yovo ◽  
Aboudoulatif Diallo ◽  
Povi Lawson-Evi ◽  
Yendubé T. Kantati ◽  
Tchin Darré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. Herbal medication is a worldwide and ancient practice, mostly in developing countries, where a large part of the population is involved in this practice. Hence, studies must be conducted to evaluate their safety and efficiency to avoid or prevent toxicological risks due to their usage. In Togo, Carissa spinarum is a medicinal plant belonging to Apocynaceae family, used as an aphrodisiac or to heal some ailments including malaria, sickle cell anemia, hypertension, pain, and asthma. Notwithstanding its several ethnomedicinal benefits, just a few toxicological data associated with its chronic use are available. Objective. Therefore, this study aims to assess the toxicity of an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar rats. Methods. The 90-day oral toxicity process following OECD TG 408 guidelines is used. Male Wistar rats received Carissa spinarum root hydroethanolic extract at 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 90 days by oral gavage. Body weight changes, hematological and blood biochemical parameters, organ weight changes, malondialdehyde as a lipoperoxidation marker expressed according to tissue proteins, and histopathology of vital organs were assessed. Results. No signs of toxicity or mortality were observed during the 90 days experiment. Hematological parameters have not shown any treatment-related abnormalities. According to biochemical parameters, an increase in the chloride ion level was observed at 1000 mg/kg p < 0.01 . There was no significant difference between the treated groups and the control group concerning the malondialdehyde concentration, body weight, and organ relative weight. No changes in necropsy and histopathology of vital organs associated with extract treatment were observed. Conclusion. The results indicated that an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum does not cause adverse effects, which can lead to Wistar rats’ death after 90-day oral administration at 500 and 1000 mg.

Cycling Attributes That Enhance Running Performance After the Cycle Section in Triathlon

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naroa Etxebarria ◽  
Judith M. Anson ◽  
David B. Pyne ◽  
Richard A. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Power Profile ◽  
Variable Power ◽  
Run Time

Purpose:To determine how cycling with a variable (triathlon-specific) power distribution affects subsequent running performance and quantify relationships between an individual cycling power profile and running ability after cycling.Methods:Twelve well-trained male triathletes (VO2peak 4.9 ± 0.5 L/min; mass 73.5 ± 7.7 kg; mean ± SD) undertook a cycle VO2peak and maximal aerobic power (MAP) test and a power profile involving 6 maximal efforts (6 s to 10 min). Each subject then performed 2 experimental 1-h cycle trials, both at a mean power of 65% MAP, at either variable power (VAR) ranging from 40% to 140% MAP or constant power (CON) followed by an outdoor 9.3-km time-trial run. Subjects also completed a control 9.3-km run with no preceding exercise.Results:The 9.3-km run time was 42 ± 37 s slower (mean ± 90% confidence limits [CL]) after VAR (35:32 ± 3:18 min:s, mean ± SD) compared with CON cycling (34:50 ± 2:49 min:s). This decrement after VAR appeared primarily in the first half of the run (35 ± 20 s; mean ± 90% CL). Higher blood lactate and rating of perceived exertion after 1 h VAR cycling were moderately correlated (r = .51–.55; ± ~.40) with a larger decrement in run performance. There were no clear associations between the power-profile test and decrement in run time after VAR compared with CON.Conclusions:A highly variable power distribution in cycling is likely to impair 10-km triathlon run performance. Training to lower physiological and perceptual responses during cycling should limit the negative effects on triathlon running.

Influence of acetaminophen on performance during time trial cycling

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis R. Mauger ◽  
Andrew M. Jones ◽  
Craig A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceived Pain ◽  
Condition B

To establish whether acetaminophen improves performance of self-paced exercise through the reduction of perceived pain, 13 trained male cyclists performed a self-paced 10-mile (16.1 km) cycle time trial (TT) following the ingestion of either acetaminophen (ACT) or a placebo (PLA), administered in randomized double-blind design. TT were completed in a significantly faster time ( t12 = 2.55, P < 0.05) under the ACT condition (26 min 15 s ± 1 min 36 s vs. 26 min 45 s ± 2 min 2 s). Power output (PO) was higher during the middle section of the TT in the ACT condition, resulting in a higher mean PO ( P < 0.05) (265 ± 12 vs. 255 ± 15 W). Blood lactate concentration (B[La]) and heart rate (HR) were higher in the ACT condition (B[La] = 6.1 ± 2.9 mmol/l; HR = 87 ± 7%max) than in the PLA condition (B[La] = 5.1 ± 2.6 mmol/l; HR = 84 ± 9%max) ( P < 0.05). No significant difference in rating of perceived exertion (ACT = 15.5 ± 0.2; PLA = 15.7 ± 0.2) or perceived pain (ACT = 5.6 ± 0.2; PLA = 5.5 ± 0.2) ( P > 0.05) was observed. Using acetaminophen, participants cycled at a higher mean PO, with an increased HR and B[La], but without changes in perceived pain or exertion. Consequently, completion time was significantly faster. These findings support the notion that exercise is regulated by pain perception, and increased pain tolerance can improve exercise capacity.

scholarly journals Pre-Sleep Low Glycemic Index Modified Starch Does Not Improve Next-Morning Fuel Selection or Running Performance in Male and Female Endurance Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2888
Author(s):  
Monique D. Dudar ◽  
Emilie D. Bode ◽  
Karly R. Fishkin ◽  
Rochelle A. Brown ◽  
Madeleine M. Carre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Baseline Measure ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Low Glycemic Index

To determine the effects of pre-sleep supplementation with a novel low glycemic index (LGI) carbohydrate (CHO) on next-morning substrate utilization, gastrointestinal distress (GID), and endurance running performance (5-km time-trial, TT). Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo (PLA) controlled, crossover design, trained participants (n = 14; 28 ± 9 years, 8/6 male/female, 55 ± 7 mL/kg/min) consumed a LGI, high glycemic index (HGI), or 0 kcal PLA supplement ≥ 2 h after their last meal and <30 min prior to sleep. Upon arrival, resting energy expenditure (REE), substrate utilization, blood glucose, satiety, and GID were assessed. An incremental exercise test (IET) was performed at 55, 65, and 75% peak volume of oxygen consumption (VO2peak) with GID, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and substrate utilization recorded each stage. Finally, participants completed the 5-km TT. There were no differences in any baseline measure. During IET, CHO utilization tended to be greater with LGI (PLA, 56 ± 11; HGI, 60 ± 14; LGI, 63 ± 14%, p = 0.16, η2 = 0.14). GID was unaffected by supplementation at any point (p > 0.05). Performance was also unaffected by supplement (PLA, 21.6 ± 9.5; HGI, 23.0 ± 7.8; LGI, 24.1 ± 4.5 min, p = 0.94, η2 = 0.01). Pre-sleep CHO supplementation did not affect next-morning resting metabolism, BG, GID, or 5-km TT performance. The trend towards higher CHO utilization during IET after pre-sleep LGI, suggests that such supplementation increases morning CHO availability.

Drink-Flavor Change’s Lack of Effect on Endurance Cycling Performance in Trained Athletes

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Desbrow ◽  
Clare Minahan ◽  
Michael Leveritt
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Sports Drink ◽  
Endurance Cycling

This study investigated whether a change in beverage favor during endurance cycling improves subsequent performance. Eight trained male athletes (age 24.3 ± 3.9 y, weight 74.7 ± 6.0 kg, peak O2 uptake [VO2peak] 65.4 ± 5.4 mL·kg−1·min−1; mean ± SD) undertook 3 trials, with training and diet being controlled. Trials consisted of 120 min of steady-state (SS) cycling at ~70% VO2peak, immediately followed by a 7-kJ/kg time trial (TT). During exercise subjects were provided with fluids every 20 min. After 80 min of SS cycling subjects either continued drinking the same-favor sports drink or changed to an alternate favor—either an alternate-favor sports drink (AFSD) or cola. All beverages were carbohydrate and volume matched. Changing drink favor caused no significant change in TT time (sports drink 27:16 ± 03:12, AFSD 27:06 ± 03:16, cola 27:03 ± 02:42; min: s). The various favors produced no treatment effects on heart rate, blood glucose, or rating of perceived exertion throughout the SS exercise protocol. The influence of other taste variables such as palatability, bitterness, or timing of favor change on endurance-exercise performance requires more rigorous investigation.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Symptoms Related to Potato Ingestion During Cycling in Trained Athletes (P23-012-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susannah Scaroni ◽  
Amadeo Salvador ◽  
Colleen McKenna ◽  
Rafael Alamilla ◽  
Isabel Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Random Factor ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives Carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion is an established nutritional strategy to improve endurance performance, yet currently available products may contribute to gastrointestinal (GI) distress. Potatoes have a high-glycemic index, indicating that their CHO content is readily available. We aimed to compare the effects of ingesting potato purée (POT), commercial CHO gel (GEL), or a control (water, CTL) during cycling on GI Symptoms and affective indices in trained athletes. Methods In a randomized crossover study, twelve trained cyclists (9 M and 3F; 30.5 ± 8.7y; 70.6 ± 7.6 kg; 1.70 ± 7 cm; 60.7 ± 8.9 mL/kg/min) completed a 2 h cycling challenge (60–85%VO2max) followed by a 6 kJ/kg time trial. Cyclists were randomly assigned to consume POT, GEL, or CTL during the challenge. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), GI symptoms, and affective responses (Feeling Scale −5/+5) were collected throughout the challenge via visual analog scales. Differences between treatments were assessed by mixed model analysis of variance using time and condition as a fixed factor and subject as a random factor. All data represent mean ± standard deviation. Results RPE was not different between POT, GEL, or CTL condition at the end of the cycling challenge (POT: 17 ± 1; GEL: 17 ± 1, CTL: 18 ± 1, P > 0.05). Higher GI symptoms (P < 0.01) were observed at the end of the challenge during POT condition (15 ± 3%) when compared to GEL (8 ± 3%) and CTL (7 ± 3%), with no significant difference in these symptoms prior to this time. FS response significantly increased (P = 0.04) during POT trial (2 ± 2) compared to GEL (0 ± 0.2) and CTL (0 ± 2) conditions at end of the challenge. Conclusions While POT ingestion resulted in greater GI distressed compared to CHO gel, cyclists perceived the exertion to be similar and even reported feeling more pleasant after POT ingestion in endurance exercise. Funding Sources Alliance for Potato Research and Education.

scholarly journals Influence of Sex and Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation on 2 KM Running Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Arturo Casado ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Sandro Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Stephen J. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Improved Performance

Purpose: To assess the effect of acute nitrate-rich (BJ) and nitrate-depleted (PL) beetroot juice ingestion on 2 km running performance in amateur runners, and to what extent the ergogenic effect of BJ supplementation would be influenced by the sex of the participants; Methods: Twenty-four amateur long-distance runners (14 males and 10 females) performed a 2 km time trial (TT) on an outdoor athletics track 2.5 h after ingesting either 140 mL of BJ (~12.8 mmol NO3−) or PL. After the tests, blood [lactate] and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) related to the leg muscles (RPEmuscular), cardiovascular system (RPEcardio) and general overall RPE (RPEgeneral) were assessed; Results: Compared to PL, BJ supplementation improved 2 km TT performance in both males (p < 0.05) with no supplement × sex interaction effect (p > 0.05). This improvement in 2 km running performance was a function of improved performance in the second 1 km split time in both males and females (p < 0.05). Supplementation with BJ did not alter post-exercise blood [lactate] (p > 0.05) but lowered RPEgeneral (p < 0.05); Conclusions: acute BJ supplementation improves 2 km running performance in amateur runners by enhancing performance over the second half of the TT and lowering RPEgeneral by a comparable magnitude in males and females.

scholarly journals The effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on endurance exercise performance and cardiorespiratory measures in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Gao ◽  
Saurabh Gupta ◽  
Taranah Adli ◽  
Winston Hou ◽  
Reid Coolsaet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Endurance Sports ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

Abstract Background Nitrate supplementation is thought to improve performance in endurance sports. Objective To meta-analyze studies evaluating the effect of nitrate supplementation on endurance sports performance among adults. Data sources We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL without language restrictions. Methods We included studies that: 1) compared nitrate supplementation with placebo; 2) enrolled adults engaging in an endurance-based activity; and 3) reported a performance measure or surrogate physiologic outcome. We evaluated risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and pooled data with a random-effects model. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to evaluate confidence in estimates. Results We included 73 studies (n = 1061). Nitrate supplementation improved power output (MD 4.6 watts, P < 0.0001), time to exhaustion (MD 25.3 s, P < 0.00001), and distance travelled (MD 163.7 m, P = 0.03). We found no significant difference on perceived exertion, time trial performance and work done. Nitrate supplementation decreased VO2 (MD − 0.04 L/min, P < 0.00001) but had no significant effect on VO2max or blood lactate levels. Conclusion The available evidence suggests that dietary nitrate supplementation benefits performance-related outcomes for endurance sports.

scholarly journals Blueberry supplementation reduces the blood lactate response to running in normobaric hypoxia but has no effect on performance in recreational runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Brandenburg ◽  
Luisa V. Giles
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Blueberry Supplementation ◽  
Recreational Runners

Abstract Background Blueberries are concentrated with anthocyanins possessing antioxidant properties. As these properties counter fatigue, blueberry supplementation may improve performance and recovery, particularly in hypoxia, where oxidative stress is elevated. Methods This study examined the effects of blueberry supplementation on running performance, physiological responses, and recovery in normobaric hypoxia. Eleven experienced runners completed a 30-minute time-trial (TT) in normobaric hypoxia (%O2 = 15.5 %) on separate days after supplementation with four days of blueberries (BLU) or four days of placebo (PLA). Heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SaO2) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored during the TT. Blood lactate and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) were assessed pre-TT, post-TT, and during recovery. Results No significant differences were observed in the distance run during the TT, HR, SaO2, and RPE. The post-TT increase in blood lactate was significantly lower in BLU than PLA (p = 0.036). Pre-TT and post-TT FENO did not differ between conditions. Blood lactate recovery following the TT was similar between conditions. Conclusions Four days of blueberry supplementation did not alter running performance or cardiovascular and perceptual responses in normobaric hypoxia. Supplementation lowered the blood lactate response to running, however, the significance of this finding is uncertain given the absence of an ergogenic effect.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document