A Forensic Study of Ethnicity and Sex Differences in Fingerprint Patterns in a Malaysian Subpopulation

Fingerprint is one of the most common evidence found at a crime scene. Owing to the uniqueness of fingerprint, it is useful for suspect identification. Typically, the questioned fingerprint is of limited contribution due to blurriness of the minutia or absence of potential suspect. However, it is still useful if the ethnicity or sex of the questioned fingerprint could be inferred to narrow down the scope of searching of suspect. Therefore, this study aims to examine sexual and ethnic differences in fingerprint patterns among the three major ethnic groups in Malaysia, i.e. Malays, Chinese and Indians. In total, 2000 plain fingerprints were collected from all the ten fingers of 200 Malaysians (i.e. 99 males and 101 females). Each of the three ethnic groups was represented by at least 60 subjects. Descriptive statistics and hypothesis test were performed to assess the sexual and ethnic variability of fingerprint patterns. In addition, simple correspondence analysis was also conducted to support the descriptive and inferential statistics. By considering fingerprint patterns in all the ten fingers, loop was the most frequent pattern in Malays (23.0%) and Indians (23.2%), while Chinese (13.9%) showed slightly higher frequency of whorl than Malays (9.6%) and Indians (10.3%). The relative distribution of fingerprint patterns of male was similar to that of female. In conclusion, fingerprint patterns could be used to infer the ethnicity rather than the sex of a suspect in the Malaysian context.

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PENGARUH AKUNTANSI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN, KOMITMEN ORGANISASI, DAN PARTISIPASI ANGGARAN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL

Wahana ◽

10.35591/whn.v22i1.149 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 50-60

Author(s):

Wiwik Pratiwi ◽

Andari Asri Kartika

Keyword(s):

Organizational Commitment ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Survey Method ◽

Manufacturing Companies ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Managerial Performance ◽

Regression Test ◽

Responsibility Accounting

This study is meant to test empirically the influence of responsibility accounting, organizational commitment, and budget participation to the managerial performance on manufacturing companies in Jakarta. This research used survey method by questionnaries. The data were examined using descriptive statistics, test of validity and reliability, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression test, and hypothesis test by using SPSS versi 24.0 for windows. The results of this research showed that responsibility accounting, organizational commitment, and budget participation were effect on managerial performance partially and simultaneously. Keywords: responsibility accounting, organizational commitment, budget participation, managerial performance

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PENGARUH AKUNTANSI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN, KOMITMEN ORGANISASI, DAN PARTISIPASI ANGGARAN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL

Wahana ◽

10.35591/wahana.v22i1.149 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 50-60

Author(s):

Wiwik Pratiwi ◽

Andari Asri Kartika

Keyword(s):

Organizational Commitment ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Survey Method ◽

Manufacturing Companies ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Managerial Performance ◽

Regression Test ◽

Responsibility Accounting

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Ethnic Disparities in the Development of Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy in a UK Multi-Ethnic Population with Diabetes: An Observational Cohort Study

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11080740 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 740

Author(s):

Manjula D. Nugawela ◽

Sarega Gurudas ◽

Andrew Toby Prevost ◽

Rohini Mathur ◽

John Robson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Ethnic Minority Groups ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Observational Cohort ◽

General Practices

There is little data on ethnic differences in incidence of DR and sight threatening DR (STDR) in the United Kingdom. We aimed to determine ethnic differences in the development of DR and STDR and to identify risk factors of DR and STDR in people with incident or prevalent type II diabetes (T2DM). We used electronic primary care medical records of people registered with 134 general practices in East London during the period from January 2007–January 2017. There were 58,216 people with T2DM eligible to be included in the study. Among people with newly diagnosed T2DM, Indian, Pakistani and African ethnic groups showed an increased risk of DR with Africans having highest risk of STDR compared to White ethnic groups (HR: 1.36 95% CI 1.02–1.83). Among those with prevalent T2DM, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Caribbean ethnic groups showed increased risk of DR and STDR with Indian having the highest risk of any DR (HR: 1.24 95% CI 1.16–1.32) and STDR (HR: 1.38 95% CI 1.17–1.63) compared with Whites after adjusting for all covariates considered. It is important to optimise prevention, screening and treatment options in these ethnic minority groups to avoid health inequalities in diabetes eye care.

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Applying the Health Belief Model to Characterize Racial/Ethnic Differences in Digital Conversations Related to Depression Pre– and Mid–COVID-19 (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.33637 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ruby Castilla-Puentes ◽

Jacqueline Pesa ◽

Caroline Brethenoux ◽

Patrick Furey ◽

Liliana Gil Valletta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Belief Model ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Health Belief ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Seeking Help ◽

Key Drivers ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Belief Model ◽

Racial Ethnic

BACKGROUND The prevalence of depression symptoms in the United States is >3 times higher mid–COVID-19 versus pre-pandemic. Racial/ethnic differences in mindsets around depression and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE To describe attitudes, mindsets, key drivers, and barriers related to depression pre– and mid–COVID-19 by race/ethnicity using digital conversations about depression mapped to health belief model (HBM) concepts. METHODS Advanced search, data extraction, and AI-powered tools were used to harvest, mine, and structure open-source digital conversations of US adults who engaged in conversations about depression pre– (February 1, 2019-February 29, 2020) and mid–COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2020-November 1, 2020) across the internet. Natural language processing, text analytics, and social data mining were used to categorize conversations that included a self-identifier into racial/ethnic groups. Conversations were mapped to HBM concepts (ie, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy). Results are descriptive in nature. RESULTS Of 2.9 and 1.3 million relevant digital conversations pre– and mid–COVID-19, race/ethnicity was determined among 1.8 million (62%) and 979,000 (75%) conversations pre– and mid–COVID-19, respectively. Pre–COVID-19, 1.3 million conversations about depression occurred among non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), 227,200 among Black Americans (BA), 189,200 among Hispanics, and 86,800 among Asian Americans (AS). Mid–COVID-19, 736,100 conversations about depression occurred among NHW, 131,800 among BA, 78,300 among Hispanics, and 32,800 among AS. Conversations among all racial/ethnic groups had a negative tone, which increased pre– to mid–COVID-19; finding support from others was seen as a benefit among most groups. Hispanics had the highest rate of any racial/ethnic group of conversations showing an avoidant mindset toward their depression. Conversations related to external barriers to seeking treatment (eg, stigma, lack of support, and lack of resources) were generally more prevalent among Hispanics, BA, and AS than among NHW. Being able to benefit others and building a support system were key drivers to seeking help or treatment for all racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Applying concepts of the HBM to data on digital conversation about depression allowed organization of the most frequent themes by race/ethnicity. Individuals of all groups came online to discuss their depression. There were considerable racial/ethnic differences in drivers and barriers to seeking help and treatment for depression pre– and mid–COVID-19. Generally, COVID-19 has made conversations about depression more negative, and with frequent discussions of barriers to seeking care. These data highlight opportunities for culturally competent and targeted approaches to address areas amenable to change that might impact the ability of people to ask for or receive mental health help, such as the constructs that comprise the HBM.

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Multiculturalism and Canadian Psychiatry: Opportunities and Challenges

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674378603100717 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 31 (7) ◽

pp. 681-690 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tsung-Yi Lin

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

National Policy ◽

Cultural Factors ◽

Cultural Relativism ◽

Cultural Relevancy ◽

Research Activities ◽

Causative Factors ◽

Scientific Attention

In this lecture, the writer calls the attention of Canadian psychiatrists to the unparalleled opportunities the national policy of multiculturalism has for clinical and research activities. Using illustrations from three important fields in psychiatry — epidemiology, psychopharmacology and psychotherapy, he points out the roles socio-cultural factors play in generating ethnic differences which deserve to be given serious scientific attention for both the understanding of causative factors and the treatment of mental disorders. He emphasizes that medical universalism and ethnocentricism have no place in Canadian psychiatry, and that the next phase of Canadian psychiatry should focus on cultural relevancy based on cultural relativism and equal participation of all cultures and ethnic groups.

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Racial/ethnic differences in inpatient mortality and use of institutional postacute care following subarachnoid hemorrhage

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2013.7.jns13544 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 119 (6) ◽

pp. 1627-1632 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Blessing N. R. Jaja ◽

Gustavo Saposnik ◽

Rosane Nisenbaum ◽

Benjamin W. Y. Lo ◽

Tom A. Schweizer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Institutional Care ◽

Inpatient Mortality ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

The Us ◽

Hispanic Patients ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

White Patients

Object The goal of this study was to determine racial/ethnic differences in inpatient mortality rates and the use of institutional postacute care following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the US. Methods A cross-sectional study of hospital discharges for SAH was conducted using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 2005–2010. Discharges with a principal diagnosis of SAH were identified and abstracted using the appropriate ICD-9-CM diagnostic code. Racial/ethnic groups were defined as white, black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander (API), and American Indian. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed comparing racial/ethnic groups with respect to the primary outcome of risk of in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome of likelihood of discharge to institutional care. Results During the study period, 31,631 discharges were related to SAH. Race/ethnicity was a significant predictor of death (p = 0.003) and discharge to institutional care (p ≤ 0.001). In the adjusted analysis, compared with white patients, API patients were at higher risk of death (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.13–1.59) and Hispanic patients were at lower risk of death (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–0.97). The likelihood of discharge to institutional care was statistically similar between white, Hispanic, API, and Native American patients. Black patients were more likely to be discharged to institutional care compared with white patients (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.14–1.40), but were similar to white patients in the risk of death. Conclusions Significant racial/ethnic differences are present in the risk of inpatient mortality and discharge to institutional care among patients with SAH in the US. Outcome is likely to be poor among API patients and best among Hispanic patients compared with other groups.

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Differences in Subjective Memory Impairment, Depressive Symptoms, Sleep, and Physical Activity in African American and Asian American Elderly

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11091155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1155

Author(s):

Minsun Lee ◽

Jin-Hyeok Nam ◽

Elizabeth Yi ◽

Aisha Bhimla ◽

Julie Nelson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Asian American ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Subjective Memory Impairment ◽

Negative Health Outcomes ◽

Racial Ethnic

Background: Subjective memory impairment (SMI) is associated with negative health outcomes including mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. However, ethnic differences in SMI and disparities in risk factors associated with SMI among minority populations are understudied. The study examined the ethnic differences in SMI, whether SMI was associated with depressive symptoms, sleep, and physical activity (PA), and whether the associations vary across racial/ethnic groups. Methods: Participants included 243 African and Asian Americans (including Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean Americans) aged 50 or older. Demographic information, SMI, depressive symptoms, daily sleeping hours, and PA levels were assessed. Results: Vietnamese Americans reported the highest SMI score. Depressive symptoms, sleeping hours, and PA levels were significantly associated with SMI. Depressive symptoms were the only significant factor across all ethnic groups. Significant interaction effects were found between ethnicity and health behaviors in predicting SMI. In particular, Vietnamese American participants with greater depressive symptoms and physical inactivity were significantly more likely to experience SMI compared to other ethnic groups Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate ethnic differences in SMI and its association with depressive symptoms, sleep, and PA, which highlight the importance of considering the unique cultural and historical backgrounds across different racial/ethnic groups when examining cognitive functioning in elderly.

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Analysis of ethnic differences of Iranian sports fans in the variables of Islamic cohesion, national identity, and perception of sports success

Propósitos y Representaciones ◽

10.20511/pyr2021.v9nspe3.1112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (SPE3) ◽

Author(s):

Amir Hossein Monazzami ◽

Behnam Naghi-Pour Givi

Keyword(s):

National Identity ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Face Validity ◽

Religious Groups ◽

Sports Fans ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Test Of Hypotheses ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Descriptive Survey

Iran is a country with different ethnicities and religions and some negative experiences of conflicts throughout history. It is believed that; Sports success is a factor in the greater convergence of a country's citizens. This article analyzes the ethnic differences of Iranian sports fans in Islamic cohesion, national identity, and perception of sports success. The research was a descriptive survey. The statistical population was all Iranians interested in national sports, 968 of whom participated in the study voluntarily. The research instruments were the researcher-made questionnaire of Perception of Sports Success, the National Identity Questionnaire of Hear and James (2007), and the Islamic Cohesion Questionnaire of Baghbanian and Morowat (2011). The content and face validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by the professors and their reliability was calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.78, 0.88, and 0.83, respectively. The test of hypotheses showed that; the variables of Islamic cohesion and national identity have a statistically significant difference between Shiite and Sunni respondents (P <0.05). The variables of Islamic cohesion and national identity also had a statistically significant difference between the respondents of ethnic groups (P <0.05) while there was no statistically significant difference in the perception of sporting success between the respondents of different ethnic groups and religious groups (P <0.05). The findings of the study emphasized the positive functions of sports success in the convergence of more religious and ethnic groups in the country.

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Study of canthal index in Nepalese undergraduate medical students of BPKIHS, Nepal: gender and ethnic differences

Journal of Kathmandu Medical College ◽

10.3126/jkmc.v3i2.11231 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 78-81

Author(s):

Sandip Shah ◽

Sarun Koirala

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Male Students ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinical Anthropology ◽

Standard Values ◽

Different Genetic Background

Background: Craniofacial anthropometry is a technique used in both physical and clinical anthropology comprising precise and systematic measurements of the human skull. It also includes measurement of the medial and lateral canthal distances. People of different genetic background subjected to significantly different environmental influences have different craniofacial morphology.Objectives: To find out effect of gender and ethnicity on Canthal anthropometry.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to determine and compare canthal anthropometry among 299 undergraduate students (Male=161, Female=138) of different ethnic groups (Indo-Nepalese, indigenous and Tibeto-Nepalese) of age group 19-21 years at BPKIHS. Medial and lateral canthal distances were measured by using straight vernier caliper and canthal index (medial canthal distances / lateral canthal distance × 100) for all three ethnic groups in both sexes were compared.Results: The study has shown that the female students had higher canthal index than male students (27.65±12.35 vs 23.96±5.76). When compared on the basis of ethnicity, Indo-Nepalese had highest value of canthal index followed by Indigenous and Tibeto-Nepalese.Conclusion: In conclusion, genetics and environmental factors are responsible for the variation in canthal indices and other craniofacial indices between and within populations. Therefore, its standard values are largely applicable for clinical assessment of patients with syndrome affecting canthal anatomy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i2.11231Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 3, No. 2, Issue 8, Apr.-Jun., 2014Page: 78-81

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Ethnic Differences in Antipsychotic treatment responses in Early Intervention in Psychosis

The Physician ◽

10.38192/1.7.1.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Nandini Chakraborty ◽

Shiraz Ahmed ◽

Hannah Booth ◽

Hawa Aswat

Keyword(s):

Early Intervention ◽

Ethnic Group ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Antipsychotic Treatment ◽

Electronic Patient Records ◽

Treatment Responses ◽

Ethnic Variations ◽

Early Intervention In Psychosis ◽

Best Responses

Background Ethnic variations in pathways to early intervention in psychosis (EIP) have been studied. However, it is important to explore the ethnic variations in response to pharmacological treatment in EIP. Aims To look at ethnic variation in response to antipsychotics. Method Electronic patient records in December 2018 were perused for: Sociodemographic details including ethnicity Prescribed antipsychotic and dosage to which the patient had responded Results White, Black and Asian ethnic groups responded mostly to Olanzapine. The largest proportion of the mixed ethnic group responded to Aripiprazole. The White and Asian groups showed the best responses to Lurasidone at 74 mg. There was a slight response in the mixed and other ethnic groups only at the higher dose of 111 mg. The medication has not been used with any benefit in the Black ethnic group. Conclusion The complex differences highlighted amongst ethnic responses to treatment make a case for multi-centric studies to further explore ethnic differences in early intervention treatments. This will help streamline offered treatments to maximise response in EIP.

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