Production of raw copper through continuous converting of copper-nickel sulphide materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
S. S. Ozerov ◽  
◽  
R. A. Pakhomov ◽  
V. M. Tozik ◽  
L. Sh. Tsemekhman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Nickel Sulphide ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Layer Mode ◽  
Conventional Technology

The conventional technology of converting copper mattes in horizontal converters has its drawbacks and fails to conform with the current environmental norms and regulations applicable to metallurgical processes. Therefore, it should be replaced with an environmentally sustainable technology. This paper considers the results of a lab and pilot scale study that looked at converting nickel-bearing copper material into raw copper and running nickelbearing slag. It is demonstrated that the continuous converting process can be stable in both three-layer mode (i. e. slag – white matte – copper) and two-layer mode (i. e. slag – copper). With the help of scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis, it was established that most of copper, nickel and cobalt get wasted in a soluble form. Choice of fluxes produces a significant effect of the process performance. Fluxes were added to maintain the total concentration of SiO2 and CaO in the slag at 32%. At the same time, varying SiO2/CaO ratios were used depending on the operating mode — from pure Fe – Si slag to pure Fe – Ca slag. It is noted that a rising SiO2/CaO ratio leads to a higher recovery of nickel into slag. A pure Fe – Si slag mode is associated with foaming. The results of the lab study were verified through test heats carried out in a pilot Vanyukov furnace. The obtained raw copper has the following composition, wt %: 3.6–4.2 Ni; 0.6–1.2 S; 0.006–0.06 Fe; and it needs to be final converted for better refining.

scholarly journals Analyzing the applicability of hydrometallurgical techniques to the Voronezh region ores

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
M. I. Kalashnikova ◽  
◽  
P. M. Saltykov ◽  
E. G. Saltykova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Nickel Sulphide ◽  
Pressure Oxidation ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Processing ◽  
Sulphide Ores ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
High Concentrations

Copper-nickel sulphide ores serve as the main source of nickel, cobalt and platinum group metals in Russia. The conventional metallurgy of proces sing copper-nickel sulphide concentrates involves producing converter matte and its further refining. Ores found in the Voronezh Region are characterized with high concentrations of arsenic and magnesium, which hinders the application of pyrometallurgical techniques. At the same time, there is a trend in today’s science and industry to develop and adopt hydrometallurgical techniques, and this also applies to copper-nickel sulphide ores. Such techniques enable comprehensive utilization of ore and are environmentally friendly, highly efficient and easily automatable. The paper examines a number of well-known hydrometallurgical techniques for processing copper-nickel sulphide concentrates. Some of them have been implemented in industry and some have been studied by several authors on a laboratory or pilot scale. The most advanced techniques were identified for the ore concentrates obtained from the Voronezh Region ores. Studies were conducted in hydrometallurgical processing of copper-nickel ore concentrates of varying composition, including the copper-nickel concentrates obtained from the Voronezh ores. It is shown that these techniques can potentially be applied to copper-nickel concentrates, including those which have high concentrations of impurities, which would not be acceptable for conventional processing technology. Having analyzed the available solutions, as well as the results of the conducted studies, the authors have come to a conclusion that pressure oxidation leaching would offer the most innovative technology to be applied to the Voronezh Region ores.

The effect of crystallochemical peculiarities of nickel sulphide minerals on flotation of copper–nickel ore

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 289-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Chanturiya ◽  
Victor Makarov ◽  
Willis Forsling ◽  
Dmitriy Makarov ◽  
Tat'yana Vasil'eva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Sulphide ◽  
Sulphide Minerals ◽  
Copper Nickel

Process mineralogy of copper-nickel sulphide flotation by a cyclonic-static micro-bubble flotation column

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-jun CAO ◽  
Xia-hui GUI ◽  
Zi-long MA ◽  
Xiao-xia YU ◽  
Xiao-dong CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Sulphide ◽  
Flotation Column ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Micro Bubble ◽  
Process Mineralogy

Theoretical/Experimental Study of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor Treating Domestic Wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gorethe Sousa Lima ◽  
Severino Rodrigues de Farias Neto ◽  
Antonio Gilson Barbosa de Lima ◽  
Flávio César Brito Nunes ◽  
Luciano de Andrade Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Ansys Cfx ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

This work reports a theoretical and experimental study to evaluate the fluid dynamic of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor (UASB), treating domestic wastewater in a pilot scale. Simulations were developed using the Ansys CFX 10.0. For validating the numerical results, an experimental study was conducted by monitoring the total concentration of suspended solids in the effluent and pressure along the reactor. The comparative analysis between the numerical and experimental results of the pressure and sludge concentration in the outlet of the reactor presented few differences, being considered satisfactory.

scholarly journals Biogas Production by Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Co-Digestion and Life Cycle Assessment Using a Real Scale Scenario: Independent Parameters and Co-Substrates Influence

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1875
Author(s):  
Jhessica Mosquera ◽  
Carol Rangel ◽  
Jogy Thomas ◽  
Angelica Santis ◽  
Paola Acevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Real Scale

This study evaluates the performance of different agricultural by-products to identify the potential effect of independent variables, using as the dependent variable the biogas production. A Box–Behnken experimental design was carried out in a pilot-scale plant of four stirred stainless-steel digesters under mesophilic semi-continuous digestion. The results obtained support the creation of a technical framework to scale up the process and further evaluation of the potential environmental impacts through life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. A stable behaviour was achieved in 12 of the 13 experiments proposed. The highest value of daily biogas production was 2200.15 mL day−1 with a stabilization time of 14 days, an organic loading rate of 4 g VS feed daily, low C/N ratio and a 1:1 relation of nitrogen providers. The concentrations of CH4 remained stable after the production stabilization and an average biogas composition of 60.6% CH4, 40.1% CO2 and 0.3% O2 was obtained for the conditions mentioned above. Therefore, the real scale plant was estimated to manage 2.67 tonnes of residual biomass per day, generating 369.69 kWh day−1 of electricity. The LCA analysis confirms that the co-digestion process evaluated is a feasible and environmentally sustainable option for the diversification of the Colombian energy matrix and the development of the agro-industrial sector.

Application of SWOT analysis to select pyrometallurgical techniques for copper-nickel sulphide concentrates. Part 1. Selecting pyrometallurgical techniques for copper-nickel sulphide concentrates with the help of SWOT analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Parkhomenko ◽  
◽  
L. B. Tsymbulov ◽  
K. P. Zlotnikov ◽  
E. Yu. Sidorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Nickel Sulphide ◽  
Stability Calculation ◽  
Change Dynamics ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Given

This paper looks at substantiating the choice of a pyrometallurgical technique for processing of copper-nickel sulphide concentrates with a high concentration of platinum group metals. For this, it is proposed to use a modified SWOT analysis, which was also tested. The paper considers a classical SWOT analysis and its stages and gives examples of its application in different industries. Constraints have been identified for the pyrometallurgical processes recommended for analysis. Internal and external factors have been defined for the recommended pyrometallurgical processes. Each of the factors has been assigned relevance and impact coefficients with regard to an appropriate process. The obtained results have been included in an integrated estimator matrix. The obtained results have been evaluated on the basis of such indicators as overall, internal and external SWOT coefficients expressed as figures. The resultant data served as the basis for recommending the relatively most effective processes that would enable to achieve the project goals. This study can be used to issue recommendations on choosing the most advanced pyrometallurgical techniques for copper-nickel sulphide concentrates that will help reduce the number of processes involved and conduct a further detailed feasibility study. The given indicators may change considerably depending on the factor linked to the production hazards. That’s why a stability calculation was performed additionally for the overall SWOT estimates in relation to this criterion. The change dynamics of the overall coefficients is reflected in the graphs. Depending on the selected level of production hazards some processes may swap on the efficiency scale. The authors offer their recommendations on optimum processes that will enable to achieve the project goals considering the above mentioned factor.

Wastewater containing Cr(VI) treatment using solar tubular reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1698-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiele Caprioli Machado ◽  
Marla Azário Lansarin
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Specific Reaction Rate ◽  
Photochemical Reduction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Real Wastewater ◽  
Electroplating Process

The hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), which is generated in the electroplating process, is toxic to most organisms and potentially harmful to human health. The method generally used for remediation of wastewater containing Cr(VI) employs chemicals with high toxicity. This work proposes an alternative technology for the treatment of these wastewaters, based on photochemical reduction of Cr(VI) by alcohols under radiation, which is environmentally sustainable and economically viable. Initially, a batch reactor in laboratory scale was used to determine the best experimental conditions and its specific reaction rate was calculated. Based on these results, a tubular reactor (artificial radiation and sunlight) was designed and built in semi-pilot scale. Tests were carried out with real wastewater from an electroplating industry containing Cr(VI). Tests conducted under sunlight showed a higher total Cr(VI) reduction than the tests with artificial radiation. The remediation of Cr(VI) from wastewater was 86.7% after 6 h of reaction under sunlight, indicating the high efficiency of the developed process.

Reactor performance and pathogen removal during wastewater treatment by vermifiltration

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipti Arora ◽  
A. A. Kazmi
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Pathogen Removal ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances

The application of vermifiltration could reduce the load of chemical and biological pollutants present in wastewater, reducing the pressure over water requirements and allowing the reclamation of the treated water. In the present study, vermifiltration has shown a great potential for chemical pollutants and pathogen removal in wastewater through the synergistic interactions of earthworms and microorganisms. The results of a pilot-scale study showed a higher percentage removal of biochemical oxygen demand (88%), chemical oxygen demand (78%), total suspended solids (83%) and log removal of fecal coliforms (2.61), fecal streptococci (2.50), Salmonella (2.20) and Escherichia coli (2.48) to the levels considered acceptable for reuse in irrigation purposes. Specifically, earthworms in the vermifilter were able to transform insoluble organic material to soluble form followed by selective digestion of the material to finer size, and further degradation by the microorganisms in the reactor. In vitro antimicrobial assay tests also showed that the present microflora had strong inhibitory efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella aerogenes. The observed inhibitory effect was found to be responsible for the phenomenon mentioned above, with release of antimicrobial substances by earthworms and associated microflora that showed antimicrobial potency against pathogenic bacteria. The kinetics evaluation showed the predominance of a first order removal model during vermifiltration.

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