scholarly journals Digital literacy and online child abuse among primary school children in Langata Sub-county, Nairobi City County in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILKINS NDEGE MUHINGI ◽  
JOHNSON NZAU MAVOLE ◽  
MUMO NZAU
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
P Value ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Type Of School

Kenya introduced Digischool to public primary schools to prepare children for today’s digital world attracting a cyber-threat landscape. Utilising a descriptive cross-sectional design within a concurrent mixed approach, the study examined the relationship between digital literacy intervention and online child abuse among primary school children in Langata sub-county. Targeted, were children between 9 and 17 years from private and public primary schools, teachers, parents and policy makers and child protection officers. Godden’s formula informed purposive and random sampling of 384 respondents, plus a 10% (423) respondents for Key Informant interviews and focused discussions. Quantitative and qualitative data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics and content analysis with the help of SPSS version 22 and Nvivo version 12 respectively. The study revealed stakeholders intervened in online child abuse at various levels using a number of strategies.  The study revealed a significant relationship between the type of school and exposure to online. Since the p-value (0.000) was less than alpha (0.05) and we conclude there was a significant relationship between the type of school and exposure to online child abuse.  There is need for a systems thinking and concerted multi-sectorial approach to improvement of digital literacy hence protecting children online. 

scholarly journals Gambaran kekerasan pada anak sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Malalayang Kota Manado

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeka D. Radja ◽  
Theresia M.D. Kaunang ◽  
Anita E. Dundu ◽  
Herdy Munayang
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract: Child abuse case is increasing in society. Child abuse and neglect is defined as act or failure to fulfill its obligation as a parent or care giver, that has potential to result in serious physical or emotional injury. This study was aimed to obatin the profile of child abuse in primary school children at Malalayang Districtin Manado. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were all primary school children in forth to sixth grade aged 9-12 years at Malalayang District Manado who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The resulst showed that child abuse was found in 99.7% respondents, mostly female (53.8%), with middle income (40%), and physical abuse as the most common type (97.8%). Conclusion: In six primary schools at Malalayang Manado, there were 99.7% children had been abused, mostly female, with middle income. The most common type of abuse was physical abuse.Keywords: child, abuse, profile Abstrak: Kasus kekerasan pada anak semakin meningkat di lingkungan masyarakat. Kekerasan pada anak dan penelantaran diartikan sebagai semua tindakan atau gagalnya memenuhi tindakan kewajiban sebagai orang tua atau pengasuh, yang berpotensial meninggalkan luka fisik maupun emosional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi kekerasan pada anak sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Malalayang Kota Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif menggunakan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ialah seluruh siswa sekolah dasar kelas 4-6 berusia 9-12 tahun di enam sekolah dasar Kecamatan Malalayang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan kekerasan pada anak dialami oleh 99,7% responden, lebih banyak pada perempuan (53,8%), dengan tingkat ekonomi menengah (40%), dan kekerasan fisik sebagai kekerasan yang paling banyak dialami responden (97.8%). Simpulan: Pada enam sekolah dasar Kecamatan Malalayang didapatkan 99,7% anak mengalami kekerasan, terbanyak berjenis kelamin perempuan, tingkat ekonomi menengah, dan jenis kekerasan fisik. Kata kunci: anak, kekerasan, profil

FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB GAKY DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN STATUS GIZI ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 36 SINGGALANG TANAH DATAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
RAHMITA YANTI
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorder ◽  
P Value

The main nutritional problems facing the Indonesian government one of Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). West Sumatra province found the prevalence of enlarged adenoids school children is still high which ranges from 12% -44,1% and Total Goiter Rate also high in the coastal region. This study aims to determine the factors cause iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) and relationship to nutritional status of primary school children 36 Singgalang Tanah Datar.This type of research is Case Control. The study population are the all of primary school children 36 Singgalang Tanah Datar, aged 9-12 years who suffered goiter examined palpation. The sample consisted of 30 cases and 30 controls. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. Data were processed using univariate, bivariate with chisquare test.The research results revealed there is relationship IDD to nutritional status of primary school children 36 Singgalang Tanah Datar (p = 0,034 (95% CI: 1,2 to 11,4)), an related of iodine intake (p = 0,016 (95% CI: 1,5 -14,4)), goitrogenik intake (p = 0,039 (95% CI: 1,2-9,9)), the quality of salt (p = 0,038 (95% CI: 1,2 to 10,2)), socioeconomic status (p = 0,02 (95% CI: 1,4-11,8), and the level of parents knowledge (p = 0,039 (95% CI: 1,2 to 9,9)) with iodine deficiency disorder. While variable which is not related to iodine deficiency disorder is the parents education level p = 0,77 (p value> 0,05)This study concluded that there is relationship IDD to nutritional status and there are relationship iodine intake, goitrogenik, salt quality, socioeconomic status, and level of knowledge of parent with iodine deficiency disorder. Need for nutrition counseling conducted by the health promotion officers regularly about the importance of the use of iodized salt for children's growth and nutrition education in the family menu processing so as to improve the nutritional status of children at the household levelKeywords : Iodine deficiency disorder, nutritional status, school children

scholarly journals Personal cell phones among children: attitudes of parents of primary school pupils

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Austys ◽  
A Sprudzanaitė ◽  
R Arlauskas ◽  
R Stukas
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
Primary School Pupils

Abstract Background A large number of primary school children have personal smartphones which enable them to communicate with lots of people and use social networks. However, social networking should not be accessible to primary school pupils due to existing age restrictions. Studies show that cell phones can be used to send offensive or sexual content to children or by them. This might have long-term effects on child's mental health and even provoke suicidal thoughts. While parents are able to control many aspects of children's life, we aimed to disclose parental attitudes towards use of mobile phones among children. Methods A total number of 619 parents of primary school children from middle-sized town of Lithuania participated in this study. Parents anonymously expressed their opinion to questions about personal cell phones usage among children. Distribution of participants was assessed according to social and demographic characteristics. Results Most of the respondents (79.8%) indicated that use of mobile phones might be harmful to children's health, 56.0% indicated that their children use social networks and every second child was registered by their parents (49.5%). Minority of the respondents (8.1%) thought that children (including children from other families) receive messages from strangers and communicate with them (2.1%). Similarly, very few of the respondents thought that children receive offensive (15.0%) or sexual (4.8%) content. Younger and lower educated parents registered their children to social networks more frequently (p-value less than 0.05). Lower educated parents more frequently indicated that offensive or sexual content can reach children via smartphones (p-value less than 0.05). Conclusions Majority of parents of primary school children thought that cell phones might be harmful to children's health but most of them did not pay attention to threats such as communication with strangers or transmission of sexual content. Key messages Only minority of parents of primary school children indicated communication with strangers or transmission of sexual content as threats induced by use of smartphones among children. Regardless that lower educated parents indicated awareness of content-related threats to children more frequently they registered their children to social networks more frequently as well.

scholarly journals Association of Heavy School Bags with Musculoskeletal Discomfort among Primary School Children of Islamabad, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 358-364
Author(s):  
Humaira Khan ◽  
Hadiqa Adnan ◽  
Sara Qayyaum ◽  
Hajar Jamshaid ◽  
Rabiya Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Musculoskeletal Discomfort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Secondary Damage

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders, an increasing concern among school going children, primarily affect muscles and tendons. They lead to secondary damage to nerves and joints in the neck, upper back, shoulders, arms, and hands, etc. The objective of this study was to determine the association of carrying heavy school bags with musculoskeletal discomfort among primary school children in government schools of Islamabad, Pakistan. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in different government schools of Islamabad, Pakistan from June 2018 to November 2018. After an informed consent from parents, 377 healthy school going children aged 6-14 years were included in this study. Data was collected through Backpack Questionnaire. Chi square test was used to compare the frequency of musculoskeletal discomfort with demographic characteristics and backpack-related features. P-value less than .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean age of the school children was 9.49 ± 1.53 years with 179 (46.9%) male and 203 (53.1%) female students. Majority of students (89.8%) were found with school bags more than 15% of their body weight. Shoulder pain was the most commonly reported complaint (67.3%). There was a significant association between pain and perceived backpack weight (P=.001), and between pain and self-perceived posture (P=.001). Leaning forward (66.2%) was the most commonly adopted posture followed by leaning sideways (15.4%) and stooping (2.9%), respectively. The association between pain and duration of carrying backpack from home to school was insignificant (P=.055) in contrast to pain and duration of carrying bag from school to home (P=.007), respectively. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal discomfort was found commonly among primary school children with shoulder pain being the most frequent, as maximum students were carrying heavy school bags.

scholarly journals Oral health in relation to nutritional status among 10 years old primary school children in Al-Hillah city/ Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Y. AL Khafaji ◽  
Nadia A Al Rawi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Gingival Health

Background: Oral health and nutrition are in interdependent relationship that good nutritional health enhancing good oral health. Nutrition can affect the development and integrity of oral cavity and the progression of oral disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of the gingival health condition in relation to the nutritional status, among 10 years old primary school children in urban and rural area in Al-Hillah city. Material and method: Eight hundred ninety one (891) students, aged10 years old, selected randomly from different primary schools, in urban and rural area in Al-Hillah city, were included in this study. Oral examination including of plaque index assessment, which was done according to the criteria by Silness and Loe, in 1964, gingival health conditions was determined according to Loe and Silness, 1963. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index (BMI), following the criteria of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth chart (CDC). Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test and ANOVA, p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: This study showed that the majority of the sample was found to be with normal gingival health condition. No significant difference was observed between the gingival index in relation to gender, or residence also, no significant result was found, between plaque and gingival index in relation to the nutritional status. Conclusion: The majority of the sample with normal gingiva however the nutritional status had no significant effect on gingival health condition while the urbanization had an effect on oral hygiene

scholarly journals Validation of self-reported physical activity by accelerometry among primary school children in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Mary Vincent Mosha ◽  
Elizabeth Kasagama ◽  
Philip Ayieko ◽  
Jim Todd ◽  
Sia E. Msuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation

Background: Self-reports are commonly used to assess physical activity in children.  Existing self-reports for physical activity have not been validated for use among primary school children in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. In order to understand if primary school children can accurately report their physical activity, we examined the validity of self-reported physical activity against accelerometer measured physical activity. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July, 2018 among four primary schools in Moshi municipal and Moshi rural districts, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.  A total of 51 primary school children aged 9–11 years were enrolled using a simple random sampling technique. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect physical activity related variables. In addition, children wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days to capture physical activity movements. Spearman’s rank test and Bland Altman plots were used for assessing validity and agreement between self-reports and accelerometer moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Results: The mean age of the study participants was 10 (SD=0.8) years. Majority of the study participants were female 32 (63%). A moderate, positive correlation was found between self-reports and accelerometer MVPA (rho=0.36, p=0.009). Accelerometer had higher MVPA compared to self-reports. Children who reported walking to school had higher MVPA for both accelerometer and self- reports compared to children who use other means of transport to school, e.g. school buses (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study found the moderate positive correlation between self-reports and accelerometers. Self-reports are prone to errors due to recall bias, and this interferes their validity.  More research is needed to develop better self-reported measures with specific activities which can easily be recalled by children. Also, researchers have to be aware of self-reports validity limitation.

scholarly journals Nutritional assessment of school going children in district Abbottabad, K.P. Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Zahid Irfan Marwat ◽  
Shah Nawaz ◽  
Anwar Khan Wazir ◽  
Ejaz Afzal ◽  
Chaman Gul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
School Children ◽  
Private School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
P Value

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> To assess the nutritional assessment of the primary school children in Abbottabad.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted among children of private and public sectors primary schools of Abbottabad from January - September 2018 by simple random sampling. 200 students from each school (7 and 13 years), present on the day of data collection were included in this study and those who were absent, sick or not willing, were excluded. The data was collected on a pre-tested questionnaire.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total 200 students, males 49.5% (n=99) and females 50.5% (n=101) were interviewed and assessed for their nutritional assessment. Their mean age was 11.67±1.66years, height was 144.93±12.34 cms and weight was 37.69±12.96 kgs. Male students (n=67) 67.7% and from private schools (n=67) 65.7% were healthier then female (n=55) 55.4% and government schools (57.1%), P valve 0.085 and 0.026. Most of the students with grade C in last year school performance were underweight (100%). Raven Test for both types of school gave 0.012 P value which indicated more intelligent students resides in private schools. Furthermore, children of well-serviced fathers and qualified mothers were healthy, more intelligent and practiced good hygiene. Also, children of a private school who has better nutritional status scored more than Public school children.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Nutritional status of children have a direct effect on their cognitive abilities. Private school children who have scored better in the intelligence test, have better nutritional status. Socioeconomic status and mother qualification have a direct effect on children’s nutrition, health status, school performance and hygiene.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE FARM FAMILIES WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-563
Author(s):  
Hussain Sardar ◽  
Rana Muhammad Amir ◽  
Ayesha Khurshid ◽  
Hafiz Ali Raza ◽  
Adeela Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of farm families with a special focus on primary school children in Punjab. Methodology: This study was conducted in tehsil Jaranwala, Faisalabad. Five villages and two primary schools were selected from each village randomly. From these schools, 323 children whose fathers were farmers were selected as samples. A cross-sectional research design was used for the present study. In this context, an interview schedule was prepared and face-to-face interviews were administered to collect the required data. Main Findings: The chi-square analysis confirmed that education, and income of parents associated factors had a statistically significant (P<0.05) and positive correlation with BMI. Descriptive statistics indicated poverty was ranked 1st among reasons for malnutrition followed by inappropriate dietary choices and unavailability of healthy foods with mean values of 4.25 and 4.11, respectively. Whereas, children don't want to come to school due to poor health" was ranked 1st in all effects of poor health with a mean value of 4.50. Applications of the study: This study has highlighted the importance of the nutritional status of primary school-going children and also investigates the different factors that inverse impact on their health. This study will be proved helpful among farm families by creating awareness about the nutrition of children. Based on the findings of this study, the urge to the government to take steps to improve the literacy level and build strategies to improve the awareness level of mothers about the nutrition of children, especially in rural areas.  The novelty of the Study: This is the first study that investigates the assessment of the nutritional status of school-going children of farm families in Punjab, Pakistan especially in tehsil Jaranwala, Faisalabad.

scholarly journals Nutritional deficiencies among school children in urban areas of Hyderabad, Telangana, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Pal Singh Chajhlana ◽  
Ramakrishna Narashimha Mahabhasyam ◽  
Maruti Sarma Mannava Varaprasada
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Unskilled Worker ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies

Background: The school age period is nutritionally significant because this is the prime time to build up body stores of nutrients in preparation for rapid growth of adolescence. Malnutrition remains the world’s most serious health problem and the single biggest contributor to child mortality, nearly one third of the children in the developing world are either underweight or stunted and more than 30% of the developing world’s population suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. However the data available from urban slums of Hyderabad in this age group is very sparse and hence an attempt has been made to study the same. The objectives were to determine the nutritional status of primary school children and study the factors associated with it.Methods:Study population:  Primary school children (6 to 11 years). Study area: primary schools in urban slums of Hyderabad. Study design: a cross sectional study. Sample size: 412 children. Sampling methods:  Simple random sampling Data collection: By using pre designed and pre tested and pre coded schedule (interview technique, observation, clinical examination). Analysis: By using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi Info 3.5.3.Results: The prevalence of underweight was 28.9%, overweight was 9.2% and obesity was 4.4% . Prevalence of stunted height was found among 21.8%. 5.8% children were suffering from Vitamin’ A’ deficiency, 15.0% were suffering from Vitamin B deficiency, and 15.8% were found to be anemic.Conclusions:The prevalence of underweight, Nutritional deficiencies were found to be significantly higher in children of illiterate parents’ and similarly in unskilled worker fathers’ and unemployed mothers. 

Bullying prevalence and numeracy performance among primary school children in Johannesburg: Implications for school-based interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jace Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Home Language ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
School Based ◽  
Early School

Background: Research has provided evidence about the negative impact of school bullying on the academic performance of primary school children, but studies on the prevalence of school bullying and numeracy performance of children are very scant.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of school bullying and numeracy performance among primary school children, and its implications for school-based interventions.Setting: The sample comprised 435 children (56.3% females and 43.7% males; Grades 1–7; median age = 11 years) attending six primary schools in three different education districts in Johannesburg, South Africa.Method: The children self-reported their experience of bullying by peers through a questionnaire. In addition, they completed numeracy tests. For children aged 6 to 9 years, the questionnaire was completed with the assistance of trained field workers.Results: The results following a linear regression with multiple predictors indicated that numeracy was significantly associated with contextual variables such as grade and home language. Bullying was strongly associated with socio-economic indicators such as school quintile and regional situation. These variables are important in early school support interventions directed at improving learner numeracy performance in the primary school.Conclusion: The results show a relatively high percentage of bullying in primary schools in the Johannesburg region. The performance in numeracy was significantly associated with the grade and home language of the learner. Contextual variables related to socio-economic situation of learners such as school quintiles and regional situation had strong associations with bullying.

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