scholarly journals Plant density and growth regulator applications in a tomato crop for industrial processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405
Author(s):  
Fábio José Carvalho ◽  
Lorena Braz Carneiro ◽  
Cleiton Gredson Sabin Benett ◽  
Katiane Santiago Silva Benett ◽  
Anne Silva Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Growth regulators are used in agriculture to reduce vegetative growth, promote flowering and fruiting processes, and regulate production alternations. In this study, the effects of the use of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and different plant arrangements on the development and productive yield tomatoes grown for industrial use were evaluated. This experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Universidade Estadual de Goiás, in a randomized block design with a 2×5 factorial arrangement (presence of PBZ and absence of PBZ in seedlings × planting spacing), with four replications and ten plants per plot. The paclobutrazol (growth regulator) applications were carried out in seedlings 15 days after emergence by applying 3.5 mL of the solution per tray at a concentration of 42.5 mg L-1 using a commercial product containing 25% of the active ingredient for the solution. The spacings were 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, and 0.35 m between plants and 1.4 m between rows, corresponding to populations of 47,619; 35,714; 28,714; 23,809 and 20,408 plants/ha, respectively. The initial growth and development of the seedlings, characteristics related to productivity, and the physical and chemical quality of fruits harvested in each experiment were evaluated. It was observed that the application of paclobutrazol influenced the phylotechnical characteristics and technological quality of tomato fruits grown for industrial processing. The planting spacings between 0.21 and 0.27 m had better crop development and productivity.

scholarly journals Western Sudan Arabi camel hides attributes and leather quality characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 040-043
Author(s):  
Ebrahiem Mohammed Alhadi ◽  
Idris Idris Adam
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Breaking Load ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study was aimed to evaluate camel hide attributes and leather quality characteristics of Western Sudan Arabi camel. Thirty pieces of fresh camel hides from three subtypes of Western Sudan Arabi camel ecotype (10 pieces from each of Kababish, Meidob, and Hawawir subtypes) were collected, cured, and tanned. Physical and chemical quality parameters were assessed. The data were analyzed using the Complete Randomized Block design. The results revealed that Significant differences (P≤0.05) were detected among Western Sudan Arabi camel subtypes fresh hides thickness and weight. Kababish hide thickness and weight were recorded the highest value of 0.155±0.4 cm and 11.7±1.3 Kg respectively in comparison to Meidob (0.145±0.3 cm and 8.6±1.2 Kg) and Hawawir (0.143±0.4 cm and 7.7±2.2 Kg). Kababish hides thickness value was above the minimum Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. While Meidob and Hawawir hide thickness values were blew the minimum Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. Physical quality parameters; elongation, tensile strength, resistance to grain cracking, breaking load, and tear strength; were in the Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather physical quality of 100%, 200 Kg/cm2, 7N/cm, 8 N/cm, and 100 Kg/cm2respectively. Whilst flexibility parameter was below the Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. Chemical quality parameters were in the Sudanese standards threshold specification for cattle leather chemical quality of 18%, 4.5%, 2.5%, and 11% for moisture, Ash, chrome oxide, and fat contents respectively.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Ampas Bir dalam Ransum untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Daging Domba

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Agus Priyono ◽  
S.N.O. Suwandyastuti ◽  
Ning Iriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rumen Microorganism ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The utilization of brewery waste in ration to improved the quality of lamb meatABSTRACT. An experiment has been conducted to study the utilization of brewery waste in ration to improved the meat quality of lamb. High quality of lamb meat can be reached by manipulation of rumen fermentation. Tannins in brewery waste can decrease the activity of rumen microorganism and inhibite the rumen biohydrogenation processes. The experiment was conducted with an experimental method by in vivo technique, using 16 heads of local lamb, 4-5 months old, with body weight range of 5-10 kg.  The trial was conducted for 150 days, using Completely Randomized Block Design with 4 replicates. The treatment tested were 4 levels of Brewery Waste : R1 = 12%; R2 = 24%; R3 = 36% and R4 = 48%. The variables measured were : physical and chemical quality of meat. The result indicated, that the treatment tested significantly affect the meat quality physically, except to the percentage of edible distal meat and proximal bone weight.Based on the all variables measured, the research conclusion : (1) the utilization of brewery waste up to 48% dry matter  ration, could be used, without any physiology and metabolism disturbance; (2) the highest increasing of unsaturated fatty acid was stearic acid (C18:0) as much as 54. 60%, was reach by R3 (36% brewery waste); the linoleic acid increased as much as 43.91% reach by R4 (48% brewery waste);  the oleic acid increased as much as 37.48% by R2 ( 24% brewery waste). From the result can be suggested that the need of tannin brewery waste as biohydrogenation inhibitor would be more effective and efficient whenever brewery waste usage has been increased up to 60% dry matter ration.

scholarly journals QUALITY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVIY OF TOMATO CULTIVATED UNDER DIFFERENT SOURCES AND DOSES OF NITROGEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN SILVA PORTO ◽  
TIYOKO NAIR HOJO REBOUÇAS ◽  
MARIA OLIMPIA BATISTA MORAES ◽  
MARINÊS PEREIRA BOMFIM ◽  
ODAIR LACERDA LEMOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT Tomatoes are an important component of the human diet because they are rich in minerals and antioxidants that sequester free radicals in cells, preventing various disorders that affect human health. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen sources and concentrations on antioxidant capacity and physical and chemical quality of tomato fruit. The experiment was conducted in Vitória da Conquista, state of Bahia, Brazil, in the experimental field of Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. The experimental setup included a randomized block design with four replicates in a factorial layout of 3 × 3 + 1 (control), for a total of 40 plots. The three treatments comprised different nitrogen sources (calcium nitrate, urea, and ammonium sulfate), applied in three doses (140, 280, and 420 kg ha-1). We evaluated firmness, pH, titratable acidity - TA, soluble solid - SS, SS/TA ratio, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and DPPH inhibition, were evaluated after samples were harvested. However, increasing concentrations of N adversely affected the acidity and led to an increase in the SS/TA ratio. Increasing the N concentration also reduced the content of bioactive compounds. excluding carotenoids, which consequently impaired antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Selectivity of Herbicide Associations with Chemical Protector in the Treatment of Sweet Sorghum Hybrid Seeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D.G. MACIEL ◽  
A.M. OLIVEIRA NETO ◽  
N. GUERRA ◽  
G.B. LEAL ◽  
A.A.P. SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Naphthalic Anhydride ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Stalk Yield

ABSTRACT Sweet sorghum culture is an alternative to sugar and ethanol production. With the aim of evaluating herbicide tank-mix selectivity associated or not to sweet sorghum seed treatment with naphthalic anhydride, two experiments with ESX5200 and EJX7C5110 hybrids were performed in red oxisol (clayey) field conditions, in the municipality of Campo Mourão, Paraná state. A randomized block design was used, with 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor represented three herbicide associations and a control sample without herbicide, and the second factor was constituted by the absence or presence of seed treatment with naphthalic anhydride (5.0 g kg-1). Herbicide treatments were tank-mixes of atrazine + S-metolachor (2,640 + 480 g ha 1) (pre-emergence); atrazine + S-metolachlor + isoxaflutole (2,640 + 480 + 11.25 g ha-1) (pre-emergence) and atrazine + S-metolachlor (1,500 + 384 g ha-1) (post-emergence). The following characteristics were evaluated: intoxication, plant height, stalk diameter, number of internodes per stalk and plant density, performed 60 days after emergence (DAE); stalk yield and Brix, were evaluated on day 85 DAE. Atrazine + S-metolachlor tank-mix applied in pre or post-emergence did not affect growth, development, yield and stalk quality of the ESX5200 and EJX7C5110 sweet sorghum hybrids. Sweet sorghum seed treatment with naphthalic anhydride provided partial protection against the action of atrazine + s-metolachlor + isoxaflutole tank-mixes, being more evident for the ESX5200 hybrid.

scholarly journals HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE OF SOUR PASSION FRUIT POPULATIONS UNDER DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS RESISTANT TO Fusarium spp

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moisés Ambrósio ◽  
Willian Krause ◽  
Celice Alexandre Silva ◽  
Laís Alves Lage ◽  
Natan Ramos Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Sour Passion Fruit

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to describe histological traits of the graft welding process and evaluate the effect of rootstocks on the physical and chemical traits and the productivity of sour passion fruit populations. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a 4x2 + 4 factorial scheme (cultivars / canopy x rootstocks), three replicates and nine plants per plot. Commercial cultivars and populations and Passiflora alata and P. nitida rootstocks, in addition to ungrafted plants were used as canopy. Cleft grafting was the grafting type adopted. Traits analyzed such as productivity and physical and chemical quality of fruits were submitted to analysis of variance and compared by the Tukey test. The canopy morphology was evaluated according to descriptors of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply. Grafting was carried out for each graft/rootstock combination for histological analysis. Sections were obtained by freehand cuts, stained and mounted on semi-permanent slides, examined under optical microscope and photomicrographed. Rootstocks affected the early cultivation and reduced productivity and number of fruits of passion fruit populations. Grafting did not affect the quality of fruits or the canopy morphology. Considering the complete culture cycle, P. alata species is able to be used as rootstock. The anatomical study demonstrates the occurrence of better compatibility in the connection of P. edulis tissues on P. alata, compared to grafting on P. nitida.

scholarly journals Particle Size's Effect of Application Forage Processing Technology on Consumption Efficiency, Palatability and Digestibility of Local Goat

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Retno Iswarin ◽  
Furiska Fani ◽  
Andre Wira Pambudi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Processing ◽  
Processing Application ◽  
Optimal Feed ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Consumption Efficiency

Livestock's digestible feed ability is affected by the physical and chemical quality of the feed given. Study feed processing application on a local goat feed particle size needs to be done for efficiency of feeding patterns. This study aimed to evaluate the best forage particle size on efficiency consumption, palatability and digestibility of the local goat. The experimental method was done with randomized completely block design with 3x2x3 factorial. Goats are grouped by weight, the first factor is the form of feed (fresh, dried) with particle feed size of 3 - 5 - > 7 cm as the second factor. The results showed that particle size of > 7 cm gives the optimal feed consumption and palatability. Dry and organic materials digestibility provided the best on the particle size of 3 cm. Forms of dry feed has a positive correlation with consumption, palatability and digestibility of feed. Conclusion of the study recommended dried forage given to the local goats with a particle size of 3 cm is able to provide efficiency in consumption and palatability of the feed with the most excellent digestibility. 

scholarly journals Tomato water stress index as a function of irrigation depths

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cícero J. da Silva ◽  
César A. da Silva ◽  
Carlos A. de Freitas ◽  
Adelmo Golynski ◽  
Luiz F. M. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Water Stress Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT Infrared thermometry allows evaluating plants under water stress, by measuring the canopy temperature, without the need of physical contact with the leaves. The aim of this study was to determine the water stress index of the tomato crop for industrial processing (Hybrid ‘BRS Sena’), as a function of irrigation depths applied by subsurface drip irrigation, in Southern Goiás, Brazil, in 2015 and 2016. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with four replicates. The treatments consisted in five irrigation depths: 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of crop evapotranspiration. The water stress index of the tomato crop was evaluated using two methodologies, as a function of the canopy temperature, air temperature and other local meteorological parameters, as well as the relationship between water stress index and crop yield. Theoretical and empirical methods estimate CWSI similarly in tomato. In the hottest hours of the day, even under adequate soil moisture conditions, the ‘BRS Sena’ tomato showed CWSI above 0.2. CWSI is a good indicator to evaluate the water status of the tomato crop for industrial processing and to recommend the moment of irrigation. The higher the CWSI, the lower the yield of ‘BRS Sena’ tomato.

scholarly journals Performance of interstocks in the plant development and fruit quality of plum trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39928
Author(s):  
João Alison Alves Oliveira ◽  
Cláudio Horst Bruckner ◽  
Danielle Fabíola Pereira da Silva ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos Santos ◽  
Wellington Dos Santos Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Lower Height ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Fruit Mass

The production of compact plants, which are slightly lacking in vigor and as productive as conventionally sized plants, is a trend in fruit growing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative performance and fruit quality of Gulfblaze and Reubennel plums intergrafted into two peach genotypes (UFV 186 and UFV 286). The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design using a 3x2 factorial arrangement (interstocks x cultivar) with four replications and one plant per plot. The non-intergrafted treatment was considered the control. Ten fruits were collected per plot for physical and chemical analyses. The evaluations were performed in the years 2014 and 2015. The interstock UFV 286 produced Gulfblaze trees with lower height in the two years of evaluation. When using the UFV 286 interstock, the trunk diameters were 50.2% smaller in Gulfblaze and 44.25% smaller in Reubennel than the control cultivars. Intergrafting had no influence on the fruit mass of Reubennel. In general, the peach genotypes UFV 186 and UFV 286 can be recommended as interstocks for reducing plant size in the plums studied. Intergrafting had no effect on fruit quality of Reubennel plums.

scholarly journals Number of stems and plant density in mini watermelon grown in a protected environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaelle Fazzi Gomes ◽  
Lucas da Silva Santos ◽  
Leila Trevisan Braz ◽  
Francisco Laurimar do Nascimento Andrade ◽  
Silvia Marcela Ferreira Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Social Importance

ABSTRACT Watermelon farming has a high economic and social importance. In parallel, the consumers’ demand for distinctive products has led to niche markets, where mini watermelons stand out. This study aimed to assess the agronomic performance and fruit quality of mini watermelon grown in coconut husk fiber, as a function of number of stems per plant and plant density. The Smile hybrid was used, as well as a randomized block design, in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with eight repetitions, being the first factor the number of stems per plant (1 or 2) and the second the number of plants per pot (1 or 2). Characteristics related to yield, physiological parameters and fruit quality were assessed. Interaction between number of stems and plant density was only observed for leaf area, average fruit fresh weight, total yield and percentage of large fruits. The factors were evaluated separately for the remaining traits. Two-stemmed training systems, at a density of one plant per pot, produce the highest yield, without compromising the quality of the fruits, being, in these conditions, the most suitable method for farmers.

scholarly journals Penentuan Waktu Panen Pisang Raja Bulu Berdasarkan Evaluasi Buah Beberapa Umur Petik

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Mustika Dwi Rahayu ◽  
Winarso Drajad Widodo ◽  
Ketty Suketi
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Bananas are commonly consumed because of their nutrition content and affordability. Banana fruits are  rapidly over riped. Therefore, harvest time is key point for long shelf life.  The aims of this study is to analyze the criteria of Raja Bulu Banana’s (Musa  paradisiaca) ripeness in post-harvest with  several picking  dates  and  to  determine  the  best  picking  date  for  favorable  post harvest handling. This study was  conducted  from January until June 2014. Tagging was held in January at farmer  located in Sumedang  (900 m  above sea level, West Java). The post-harverst  evaluation  was conducted  from  Mei until  June  at  the  Postharvest  Laboratory,  Departement  of  Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. The experiment was  arrangedin a randomized complete block design using single factor with 5 replications  for 5 picking dates, i.e. 85, 90, 95, 100, 105 and 3 replications for 110 days after anthesis (DAA). This study showed that the best picking-time for Raja Bulu Banana was achieved in 85 DAA with 11 days of shelf-life and heat units 1305.5 0C day. The later the picking age was negatively correlated with the length of shelf life. The younger the picking age was  negatively correlated with respiration rate. Picking  date  did not affect the physical and chemical quality of post-harvest fruit at the same maturity level.</p><p>Keywords: color scale, respiration rate, shelf life</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Pisang  lebih  disukai  oleh  masyarakat  karena  harganya  yang  terjangkau dan  banyak mengandung  vitamin  dan  mineral.  Buah  pisang  memiliki permasalahan  pascapanen  buah  karena yang cepat  masak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari kriteria kematangan pascapanen buah pisang Raja Bulu dari beberapa umur petik dan menentukan saat panen terbaik untuk penanganan pascapanen. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Juni 2014. Penandaan bunga pisang dilaksanakan  pada  bulan  Januari  di kebun  pisang  milik  warga  di  Sumedang  Jawa  Barat  pada ketinggian  900 m  dpl  dan  pengujian  pascapanen  dilaksanakan  pada  bulan  Mei  hingga Juni  di Laboratorium  Pascapanen,  Departemen  Agronomi  dan  Hortikultura, Fakultas  Pertanian,  Institut Pertanian  Bogor.  Percobaan  dilaksanakan dengan rancangan  kelompok  lengkap  teracak  (RKLT) faktor tunggal dengan 6 umur petik sebagai perlakuan, yaitu 85, 90, 95, 100, dan 105 hari setelah antesis (HSA) masing-masing dengan 5 ulangan dan 3 ulangan untuk 110 (HSA) sehingga terdapat 28  satuan  percobaan.  Hasil  percobaan  menunjukkan bahwa  umur  petik  terbaik  pisang  Raja  Bulu dicapai pada 85 HSA dengan umur simpan terlama (11 hari) serta satuan panas sebesar 1305.5 0C hari. Buah pisang  yang  dipetik  tua  lebih  cepat  mencapai  kematangan  pascapanen dibandingkan dengan  buah  pisang  yang  dipetik  muda.  Pisang  yang  dipetik muda  memiliki  laju  respirasi  yang rendah dibandingkan dengan buah pisang yang dipetik tua. Umur petik tidak mempengaruhi mutu fisik dan kimia buah pisang pada tingkat kematangan pascapanen yang sama.</p><p>Kata kunci: laju respirasi, skala warna, umur simpan</p>

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