scholarly journals Analysis of the technical efficiency of yam cultivation (Dioscorea spp.) in the Caribbean Region of Colombia

Author(s):  
Antonio María Martínez-Reina ◽  
Lilibet Tordecilla-Zumaqué ◽  
Liliana María Grandett-Martínez ◽  
Sol Mara Regino-Hernández ◽  
Lily Lorena Luna-Castellanos ◽  
...  

The objective was to analyze the technical efficiency of yam cultivation in producing areas of the Caribbean Region. The data were obtained through 98 structured surveys applied to experienced farmers, which included socioeconomic information such as: age, schooling, size of the cultivated area, physical crop yields, and production destination. The sampling technique was simple and applied at random. The data were analyzed in the SPSS program, and techniques such as descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency were used. Likewise, a Cobb-Douglas type econometric model was designed that allowed formulation of a production function and estimation of the parameter values. The results showed that the production efficiency was low because of underutilization of some factors, such as labor, which is 78 wages on average, excessive for the cultivation of one hectare of yams; in addition, fertilizers are used without a soil analysis and without considering the nutritional requirements of the crop. The seed is an important factor that contributes to increases in production with a coefficient of 0.033881, so, if its quality is improved, efficiency can be increased. Experience and schooling contributed the most to the efficiency of the yam cultivation. Farmers can increase productivity with a better use of resources.

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Antonio María Martinez Reina ◽  
Lilibet Tordecilla Zumaqué ◽  
Maria Del Valle Rodriguez Pinto ◽  
Carina Cecilia Cordero ◽  
Liliana Maria Grandett-Martínez

The objective of this work was to characterize technologically and economically the sweet chili pepper production system in the Caribbean region of Colombia. A survey was applied to 60 farmers using the simple random sampling technique. The economic returns were analyzed in the producing areas of San Juan del Cesar, in the department of La Guajira, and Ponedera, in the department of Atlántico, with an average of 0.6 hectares of the areas used for planting the sweet chili pepper. The average age of the farmers is 51 years old, with more than 11 years of experience in this crop. The results present differences in terms of production efficiency; for example, it was found that it is higher for the town of San Juan del Cesar, which is explained because the yields are higher by 7 t/ha- 1. In this zone, the net income is higher by a difference of COP 6.399.270 ha-1, concerning the town of Ponedera. It is concluded that the productive chain is not well integrated since the margins of commercialization, in general, are 0.69, which reveals that the farmer is the one who least participates in this surplus generated by the market.


2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-377
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Rojas Murcia ◽  
Juan E. Carvajal Cogollo ◽  
Javier Alejandro Cabrejo Bello

<p>Con el fin de caracterizar la distribución horizontal (repartición de los hábitats) y la utilización del recurso alimentario (tipo y tamaño de las presas) del ensamblaje de reptiles del bosque seco estacional al norte de la región Caribe de Colombia, en el departamento del Cesar, se realizaron cinco salidas de campo con una duración de doce días cada una. Los muestreos se realizaron en jornadas diurnas y nocturnas, en un diseño de transectos replicados a lo largo de diferentes hábitats que incluyeron: pastizales, bordes e interiores de bosque. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos de uso de hábitat en un perfil de vegetación por cada época climática y análisis de amplitud y sobreposición de nicho. Se registraron 38 especies de 14 familias del orden Squamata. Las especies se distribuyeron de manera homogénea entre zonas abiertas y boscosas. Se encontraron registros de 31 categorías de presa en 109 estómagos de seis especies de serpientes (61 estómagos) y siete de lagartos (48 estómagos) con un porcentaje de estómagos vacíos de 38 %. Las presas de mayor importancia para los lagartos fueron Coleoptera y Araneae, y para las serpientes fueron los anfibios. La mayoría de las especies presentaron un amplio espectro de dieta y entre especies similares, como entre Anolis auratus y A. gaigei, se presentó uso de recursos similares. En síntesis, el ensamblaje de reptiles presentó una distribución homogénea en los hábitats evaluados (áreas abiertas y boscosas) y el recurso alimentario fue variado entre las diferentes especies; la estacionalidad de la zona presenta un papel fundamental en la estructura del ensamblaje de reptiles, presentándose menos abundancia durante la época seca, tanto en las áreas abiertas como en las boscosas.</p><p><strong>Reptiles from the Seasonal Dry Forest the Caribbean Region: Distribution of Habitat and use of Food Resource</strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>We assessed the horizontal distribution and use of the food resource of the reptile’s assemblage of the seasonal tropical dry forest in the North of the Caribbean region of Colombia, department of Cesar. Five fieldtrips of 12 days each were performed, sampling was diurnal and nocturnal, following a transect design replicated along different habitats including grasslands, edge and interior of forest. We performed descriptive analyzes of habitat use, using a profile of vegetation by each climatic period; we also did an analysis of amplitude and niche overlap. We recorded 38 species of 14 families of the Squamata order. Species distributed evenly between open and forested areas. Record of 31 categories of prey in 109 stomachs of six species snakes (61 stomachs) and seven of lizards (48 stomachs) with a percentage of empty stomachs of 38 % was found. The preys of greater importance for the lizards were Coleoptera and Araneae and for snakes, amphibians. Most of the species presented a wide range of diet and between similar species, such as Anolis auratus and A. gaigei, found a similar use of resources. In summary, the assembly of reptiles presented a homogeneous distribution in the habitats evaluated (forested and open areas) and the food resource varied among the different species; the seasonality of the area plays a fundamental role on the structure of this reptile assembly with less abundance during the dry season in both, open and forested habitats.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-433
Author(s):  
Luke ADEBISI ◽  
Oluwaremilekun ADEBISI ◽  
Marvellous OWOLABI ◽  
Edet HENSHAW ◽  
Olaide ASIYANBI

The study assessed the effect of contract farming on broiler production in Osun State, Nigeria. 120 farmers comprising of broiler farmers participating and not participating in contract farming were selected using multistage sampling technique. Information was elicited from the farmers with the aid of a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Stochastic Production Frontier and Ordinary least square regression model. The findings of this study revealed that majority (75%) of the farmers rated the activities of contracting farming to be good and favorable, as the contract farmers earn more from broiler production than their counterparts. Average technical efficiency of the contract and non contract farmers were 0.8209 and 0.6803, respectively. The results also revealed that years of experience in broiler production, education of farmer, off-farm income, membership in farmers association, access to credit, access to veterinary services and participation in contract farming significantly affected technical efficiency of broiler farmers in the study area. Therefore, the study recommends that there should be increase in the awareness of the benefits associated with contract farming in agrarian communities, so that more farmers are encouraged to participate, as this will improve their production efficiency.


2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Eka Nurjati ◽  
Idqan Fahmi ◽  
Siti Jahroh

<strong>English</strong><br />Pati includes the prospective regencies for accelerating the growth rate and area diversification of shallot production in Central Java. However, the shallot production and productivity in Pati were unstable with a decreasing trend in recent years. The objective of this study is to evaluate the status and determinants of the shallot production efficiency using the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function. The research was conducted in three production centers sub-districts, Wedarijaksa, Batangan, and Jaken, in October 2017. The primary data were collected by interviewing 33 respondents which were selected through the stratified sampling technique. The results indicated that shallot farmers were efficient technically, but not economically and allocatively. Two significant determinants of the technical efficiency were the length of farming experience (positively related) and farmers’ age (negatively related). The farmers group membership and access to extension services were not significant, but both have positive effects on technical efficiency. Production efficiency may be increased through inputs use optimization that include reducing of anorganic fertilizer, increasing the quantity of organic fertilizer and seed, using of the true shallot seed and implementation of Integrated Pest Management. Improving the functions of agriculture extentions and farmers’ groups should also enhance shallot farming efficiency.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Kabupaten Pati termasuk kabupaten di Jawa Tengah yang dipandang prospektif untuk percepatan peningkatan dan diversifikasi wilayah produksi bawang merah. Namun, produksi dan produktivitas bawang merah di Kabupaten Pati tidak stabil dan cenderung turun akhir-akhir ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status dan determinan efisiensi produksi bawang merah tersebut dengan fungsi produksi stokastik frontier Cobb-Douglas. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga kecamatan sentra produksi yaitu Wedarijaksa, Batangan, dan Jaken pada Oktober 2017. Data primer diperoleh dengan mewawancarai 33 orang responden yang dipilih secara stratified sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani bawang merah di Kabupaten Pati sudah efisien secara teknis, namun belum efisien secara ekonomis dan alokatif. Ditemukan dua faktor yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap efisiensi teknis, yaitu lama pengalaman menjadi petani (berpengaruh positif) dan umur petani (berpengaruh negatif). Keanggotaan kelompok tani dan akses penyuluhan berpengaruh positif, namun tidak nyata. Efisiensi dapat ditingkatkan melalui optimalisasi penggunaan input-input produksi, termasuk dengan mengurangi jumlah penggunaan pupuk anorganik, menambah jumlah pupuk organik dan benih, menggunakan benih jenis biji botani, dan menerapkan sistem Pengendalian Hama Terpadu. Peningkatan fungsi penyuluh pertanian dan kelompok tani termasuk strategi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi usaha tani bawang.


Author(s):  
Lisa Williams

Scotland is gradually coming to terms with its involvement in slavery and colonialism as part of the British Empire. This article places the spotlight on the lives of African Caribbean people who were residents of Edinburgh during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. I discuss their varied experiences and contributions: from runaways and men fighting for their freedom in the Scottish courts to women working as servants in city households or marrying into Edinburgh high society. The nineteenth century saw activism among political radicals from abolitionists to anticolonialists; some of these figures studied and taught at Edinburgh University. Their stories reflect the Scottish capital’s many direct connections with the Caribbean region.


Circular ◽  
1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Porter Sheldon ◽  
D.F. Davidson ◽  
S.R. Riggs ◽  
W.C. Burnett

Author(s):  
Samuel Andrés Gil Ruiz ◽  
Julio Eduardo Cañón Barriga ◽  
J. Alejandro Martínez

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 02027
Author(s):  
Ma Lei ◽  
Zhang Nana ◽  
Zhang Zhongqiu

One of the key goals in SEMI industry is to improve equipment through put and ensure equipment production efficiency maximization. This paper is based on SEMI standards in semiconductor equipment control, defines the transaction rules between different tool states,and presents a TEA system model which is to analysis tool performance automatically based on finite state machine. The system was applied to fab tools and verified its effectiveness successfully, and obtained the parameter values used to measure the equipment performance, also including the advices of improvement.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S100-S101
Author(s):  
F. Salcedo Mejía ◽  
P. Miranda Machado ◽  
D. Parra Padilla ◽  
F. Gómez De la Rosa ◽  
M. Carrasquilla Sotomayor ◽  
...  

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