scholarly journals Japanese Social Exclusion and Inclusion from a Housing Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Supported Housing ◽  
The Government

This paper examines conditions of social exclusion and attempts at social inclusion in Japan from a housing perspective. Companies, households and the government have previously supported housing in Japan. However, corporate welfare was withdrawn following the globalization of the economy from the 1990s onwards, support from families and communities declined due to a reduction in household size, and governmental housing support has shifted away from direct support. A reduction in income and unstable work left many people with unstable housing. Certain workers, such as foreigners performing dispatched labour, could not maintain continuous work under the influence of the Lehman Brothers’ bankruptcy in 2008. Household size has shrunk according to changes in the industrial structure, and the number of households that cannot sustain housing is increasing. Such vulnerable households—elderly people, the handicapped, low-income earners and single parents—can become excluded from the rental housing market. On the other hand, governmental measures are promoting local dwellings and maintaining the condition for a dwelling service. Activities, such as local community support of the homeless have been initiated by various Non-profit Organisations (NPOs) and NPO activities are increasingly exemplifying measures to achieve social inclusion.

Persistent insecurity will test Burkinabe government

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Slow Pace ◽  
Public Pressure ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

Subject Counterterrorism in Burkina Faso. Significance Despite recent gains against jihadist groups, in recent months attacks have moved beyond the more insecure north and started to occur more frequently in the east and parts of the centre. Separately, authorities are growing increasingly intolerant of public dissent and protest, while revelations of abuses by the military risk scuppering crucial local community support necessary for counterinsurgency operations. Impacts The government will face growing political and public pressure to end persistent strikes. Patriotic support for the armed forces remains widespread, but growing revelations of abuse will tarnish its image. Opposition criticisms of the government’s counterterrorism strategy will increase but avoid directly blaming the military. Public dissatisfaction may grow with the Sahel Group of Five (G5) regional force if the slow pace of its operations persists. The prosecution of alleged coup plotter Gilbert Diendere will enjoy public backing amid calls for justice for victims of the old regime.

scholarly journals Social Exclusion/Inclusion in the Context of Hungarian Sport

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyöngyi Földesi
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
International Trends ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Social Exclusion/Inclusion in the Context of Hungarian SportSimilar to international trends, this investigation of social exclusion/inclusion from sport was preceded by studying the impact of poverty on sport participation in Hungary. Research was made on inequality of chances and on the disadvantaged position of the lower classes in sport, even in state socialism. Following the transformation of the political regime in 1989-1990, there was a growing interest in exploring unequal social opportunities in sport, not only by marginal social groups, but also by the increasing number of lower middle class people dropping behind. However, Hungarian sport has never been studied in the context of social exclusion/inclusion. Theobjectiveof this paper is to approach sport in Hungary from these perspectives. Attempts are made to answer the following questions: in which fields of Hungarian sport can social exclusion be observed? How is social exclusion from sport linked to age, gender, dwelling place, socio-economic status and to the lack of cultural and social capital? How is the concept of social exclusion/inclusion understood by the actors in Hungarian sport? How can sport be used as a means to promote social inclusion for people marginalized by economic, social and cultural barriers? In order to answer the above questions, the followingmethodswere used: analyses of recent research findings on Hungarians' sport participation with a focus on deprivation; in-depth interviews with key persons (N= 15) in Hungarian sport with the aim to discover how the concept of social exclusion/inclusion is understood by them; and analyses of documents to explore which measures have been taken by sport policy to tackle social exclusion. Theresultsshow that exclusion from sport is widespread in Hungarian society. It is linked in a combined way to poverty, education, ethnicity, age, and settlements. It is established in early childhood and lasts the whole life cycle. Key excluded groups are in hopeless situations due to economic, social and cultural aspects, so they cannot overcome this problem alone. They receive assistance in several other areas, but they are left to their own resources in sport-related issues. Legally they should have access to sport, but they cannot claim their rights. The concept of combating social exclusion is generally not incorporated into the objectives and values of sport clubs and federations; it has not yet been an integral part of sport culture in Hungary. Government documents contain declarations in connection to tackling social exclusion, but very few actions are implemented to promote social inclusion. A majorconclusionof the paper is that a serious modification of sport policy does not mainly depend on the lack of financial recourses but on the lack of a strong determination of the Government. The involvement of the Hungarian population in sporting activity and the intention for their inclusion are much lower than it could be under the present economic circumstances.

scholarly journals Model Kemitraan dalam Pembangunan Rumah Sewa Swadaya

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Sigit Wijaksono
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Partnership Model ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
The Government ◽  
Data Collection Technique

The high prices of land causes the decreasing development of rental housing around activity centers such as workplaces, schools and others. The specific objective of this study is to identify and map the forms of existing partnerships between government, business, and community organizations in the construction of rental housing, to identify obstacles in the implementation and effectiveness of these partnerships, and to develop a partnership model that can include and involve all interests (stakeholders) either from the government (central or local), businesses, and communities, as well as their respective roles in realizing the construction of rental housing for low income community. This study implements is a qualitative method with exploratory descriptive and comparative approach. Data are obtained through surveys in several locations as representatives of existing forms of self-help construction of rental housing in Jakarta, West Java and Batam. Data collection technique used observation and interviews are supported by direct observation in the field. The model developed is aimedat promoting self-help development of affordable rental housing which involves a partnership among government, business, and society. The partnership should be beneficial to all three parties. It should also allow affordability of low-income community to rent the house in the form of licensing component funded by national and local government, construction financed by the business or government, while the land acquisition component can use the land the community or local government.

Working Outside the Box: Community Currencies, Time Banks and Social Inclusion

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILL SEYFANG
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
Local Exchange ◽  
Community Currencies ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
The Uk

A conceptual framework is developed for analysing UK social policy with respect to work, employment, inclusion and income. A range of possibilities for ‘productive engagement in work’ (PEW) outside the home are identified, ranging from formal employment, through informal employment, working for local community currencies, to unpaid voluntary work, each attracting particular policy responses, according to the hegemonic discourse of social exclusion, namely a liberal individualistic model which sees insertion into the labour market as the solution to exclusion. A new initiative is examined which is increasingly being adopted by local authorities in their efforts to tackle social exclusion and build social capital, namely ‘time banks’: a type of community currency which rewards people in time credits for the work they put into their neighbourhoods. Time banks are found to occupy a space in between what is already known about informal employment, LETS (Local Exchange Trading Schemes) and volunteering, raising a number of issues for policy makers and practitioners. While time banks may be promoted within the UK government's social inclusion remit as a means of increasing job-readiness through volunteering, they have wider and deeper implications. They represent a response to a radical social democratic understanding of social exclusion and hence exert a collective effort to redefine what is considered ‘valuable work’, and thus present an alternative to hegemonic paradigms of work and welfare; their greatest potential is as a radical tool for collective social capital building, resulting in more effective social, economic and political citizenship, and hence social inclusion. Policy recommendations are made to enable time banks to flourish and provide a powerful tool for achieving social inclusion objectives.

scholarly journals Land Use Incentives for Real Estate Developers in Social Rental Housing Projects (Case study: Degla Gardens Project-October Gardens-Six October City)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Abeer Ahmed Mohamed Abd-Elkawy
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
The State ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
The Government

Social rental housing projects have emerged since 2016 to cover the housing demand of low-income groups, but these projects need high cost that beyond the financial capacity of some governments. Therefore, the World Bank reports in 2014 and 2018 pointed to the importance of including the private sector in low-income housing projects as a real estate developer instead of the state. The contribution of private sector and his successful experience in this field help in reducing the government spending towards these projects and achieving high quality in their implementation. For these reasons, many countries at international level involved the private sector in construction of social housing units in exchange for a set of incentives, which vary widely from one country to another. These incentives are classified into two main groups, the first one is financial and administrative incentives such as providing free land or selling it at low price, besides taxes and financing facilities as applied in Brazil, China, Singapore and Thailand. The second group is new incentives which called Land use incentives such as land use kind, percentage of land exploitation, proposed density and land use regulation in the housing project as applied in the United States, Japan and France because the previous financing incentives are not enough to achieve an appropriate profit for investors.At the local level, the private sector participated in many low-income housing projects such as Youth Housing, National Housing and social housing projects during the period from 1996 until now. In which the Egyptian government provided him some incentives like low price land, payment facilities, tax cuts and allocation part of land for his investment projects in exchange for building number of housing units with an area of (63 m2) for low-income groups. On the other hand, real estate companies retreated from participation in these projects because the incentives are unsatisfactory to them, which made the state played again the role of real estate developer to fill the gap in housing demand by using insufficient government budget.As a result of that, the Egyptian government is trying nowadays to re-engage the private sector again in future social housing projects by studying all submitted proposals from private sector in 2016, the World Bank in 2018 and the views of some institutions such as ministry of investment, ministry of housing and the Social Housing Fund in 2019 around the new incentives, especially after the state decided to withdraw from real estate development and leave it to the private sector by the year 2020. Hence, this paper tries to introduce the new incentives for private sector to participate again in social housing projects. The formulation of these incentives comes from revision the international experiences and reports as well as evaluating the applying of old incentives in one case study of participation housing projects (Degla Gardens project to find an integrated vision for suitable incentives in Egyptian reality that achieve the goals of all development parties ( the government-private sector-population).

THE IDEOLOGICAL ORIENTATION OF THE NEW DAWN PROJECT

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 105-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAM WAI-KAM YU
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Welfare To Work ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Reform Measure ◽  
Private Market ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ideological Dimension ◽  
Socially Excluded

This paper is concerned with the ideological dimension of the New Dawn project. It focuses on two analytical tasks. The first is to show that this project is not an independent reform measure. Instead it is a part of a series of pro-market welfare-to-work programmes launched by the Government to tackle social exclusion. The second is concerned with the debate on the desirability of this project in reducing social exclusion. As the design of this project is heavily indebted to market values, it is highly supported by those analysts and policy-makers who stress the importance of the labour market in helping socially excluded groups achieve social inclusion but it receives criticisms from those analysts who question the ability of the private market in tackling social exclusion. By carrying out these two tasks, the paper raises our awareness of the fact that whether people support the New Dawn project or not reflects not only their judgment on the effectiveness of this project in meeting the needs of single parents and carers on the Comprehensive Social Security Assistance scheme but also their views on market ideologies.

scholarly journals POLICY DESIGN OF THE REGIONAL AND CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANDALIKA SEZ

CosmoGov ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Ray Ferza ◽  
Moh. Ilham A. Hamudy
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Regional Incentives

The Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is one of the government’s industrial development policy. The Government established fifteen SEZ, and Mandalika Tourism SEZ is one of them. However, Mandalika’s performance was far from satisfactory. This study aimed to analyze the policies of the regional and central government in supporting the performance of Mandalika SEZ. This study used a qualitative approach by conducting interviews and focus group discussions of the stakeholders. The study found several aspects that need more attention from the government: the certainty and ease of providing incentives, community support, preparedness of organizations and institutions, and provision of special Online Single Submission (OSS)within the SEZ. The study recommended that the Ministry of Home Affairs and regional government should optimize the policies of the regional government in supporting the SEZ, such as the provision of guidelines on the central-regional incentives, affirmative actions (mainly in the empowerment of the local community), SEZ administrator institution, adjustment to the SEZ OSS that involves many regional permits, and the development of supporting areas.

scholarly journals Planning transport for social inclusion: An accessibility-activity participation approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Allen ◽  
Steven Farber
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Transit Accessibility ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Important Objective

Social equity is increasingly becoming an important objective in transport planning and project evaluation. This paper provides a framework and an empirical investigation in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) examining the links between public transit accessibility and the risks of social exclusion, simply understood as the suppressed ability to conduct daily activities at normal levels. Specifically, we use a large-sample travel survey to present a new transport-geography concept termed participation deserts, neighbourhood-level clusters of lower than expected activity participation. We then use multivariate models to estimate where, and for whom, improvements in transit accessibility will effectively increase activity participation and reduce risks of transport-related social exclusion. Our results show that neighbourhoods with high concentrations of low-income and zero-car households located outside of major transit corridors are the most sensitive to having improvements in accessibility increase daily activity participation rates. We contend that transit investments providing better connections to these neighbourhoods would have the greatest benefit in terms of alleviating existing inequalities and reducing the risks of social exclusion. The ability for transport investments to liberate suppressed activity participation is not currently being predicted or valued in existing transport evaluation methodologies, but there is great potential in doing so in order to capture the social equity benefits associated with increasing transit accessibility.

‘The Government is the Best Landlord I've Ever Had’: Older Public Housing Tenants and Social Inclusion in Inner Sydney

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Morris
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

In this qualitative study based on in-depth interviews with fifteen older public housing tenants in inner-city neighbourhoods in Sydney, the life circumstances of older public housing tenants are explored. A primary aim of the study was to interrogate the notion that public housing is a form of housing tenure that is no longer worth pursuing due to it being a harbinger of misery and social exclusion for its residents. The research suggests that this conclusion is, in many ways, mythology. For the older public housing tenants interviewed, being accommodated in this tenure form was viewed as a ‘life-saver’. Despite the ever-increasing residualisation of public housing, the provision of affordable, adequate and secure accommodation in convenient locations gave them the capacity to pursue a life that they valued.

scholarly journals Social Exclusion and Mental Wellbeing in Older Romanians

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iuliana Precupetu ◽  
Marja Aartsen ◽  
Marian Vasile
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Partner Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
Health Organization

In Romania, inequalities in health and wellbeing between younger and older Romanians are substantial, and an important reason for inequalities may be the higher risk of social exclusion among older adults. After the fall of Communism in 1989, the many transformations in economic structures and welfare regimes contributed to enhanced levels of social exclusion, in particular among the older generations. Social exclusion is a multidimensional problem with substantial effects on the mental wellbeing of people. The present study examines age differences in mental wellbeing and evaluates to what extent differences can be explained by age and social exclusion, while controlling for a number of potential confounders. Data are from the fourth wave (2016) of the European Quality of Life Survey. Data for Romania include 1004 people aged between 18 and 85 years old, of which 726 are included in the analyses (only complete cases). In the study sample, 259 were 55 years or older. Mental wellbeing was measured with The World Health Organization Wellbeing Index (WHO-5 scale), and social exclusion was measured in four domains: social relations, material resources, services and the neighbourhood. The results show that older Romanians have a statistically significant lower mental wellbeing than younger generations in Romania. All domains of social exclusion were associated with lower levels of mental wellbeing. These effects remained statistically significant after controlling for partner status, chronic diseases, having children, and level of education. Improving mental wellbeing of older Romanians would greatly benefit from increasing social inclusion by means of social transfers provided by the government, improving the neighbourhood and access to services, and providing facilities to enhance the social network.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document