scholarly journals How the Architecture of Housing Blocks Amplifies or Dampens Interethnic Tensions in Ethnically Diverse Neighbourhoods

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Crul ◽  
Carl H. D. Steinmetz ◽  
Frans Lelie
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Ethnic Tensions ◽  
Interethnic Contact

This article explores how the architecture of neighbourhoods influences interethnic tensions in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods. We found that people of Dutch descent living in apartments in four storey walk-ups in ethnically diverse innercity neighbourhoods seem less likely to feel threatened by ethnic diversity than people living in in similarly diverse suburbs characterized by larger housing blocks featuring inner courtyards and galleries. Further analysis reveals that the residents of these suburbs share various types of semi-public spaces and have competing interests in using them, whereas the residents of inner-city neighbourhoods share fewer semi-public spaces and therefore have more scope to choose when and how to engage in interethnic contact with other residents. We also explore residents’ housing histories and examine differences between people who either have more negative or more positive views on diversity with regard to their active participation in various organizations. This last piece of the puzzle will be used to analyse the potential for both negative and positive messages about ethnic diversity to spread. Based on the empirical findings, we will formulate some building blocks that can help to further explain the level of perceived ethnic tensions in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods.

scholarly journals Social norm enforcement in ethnically diverse communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 2722-2727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Winter ◽  
Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
German Population ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
Norm Enforcement

Recent waves of immigration to Western nations have fueled a debate over the consequences of ethnic diversity for social cohesion. One prominent argument in this debate holds that diversity is detrimental to trust and cooperation because individuals in heterogeneous communities face difficulties in enforcing social norms across ethnic lines. We examine this proposition in a field experiment involving real-life interactions among residents of multiethnic German neighborhoods. We find significant ethnic asymmetries in the pattern of norm enforcement: Members of the majority “native” German population are more active in sanctioning norm violations, while ethnic minorities are more likely to find themselves the target of sanctions. We interpret these results in light of prevailing status inequalities between ethnic minorities and the native majority. We further calculate that, as a result of ethnic discrimination, social control is likely to rise in communities with moderate minority population shares.

Relationship between Aortic Atherosclerosis and Dental Loss in an Inner-City Population

Angiology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Castillo ◽  
Aurora Fields ◽  
Ghazanfar Qureshi ◽  
Louis Salciccioli ◽  
John Kassotis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
City Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Aortic Intima

Prior studies have suggested an association between atherosclerosis and periodontal disease, both of which are more prevalent in certain minority and economically disadvantaged groups. Few studies have addressed the relationship between cardiovascular disease and dentition among ethnically diverse populations. We studied 131 subjects (60% females, age 59 ± 15 years) who were referred for clinically indicated transesophageal echocardiography. Dental loss was more severe in patients with hypertension ( P < .001), diabetes ( P = .05), coronary artery disease ( P = .04), and calcium channel blocker use ( P = .04). On univariate analysis, maximal aortic intima—media thickness (MAIMT) was significantly correlated with dental loss ( r = .40; P < .001). Age was correlated with MAIMT ( R = .41; P < .001) and with dental loss ( r = .57; P < .001). On multivariate analysis, dental loss ( P = .03) and history of coronary artery disease ( P = .04) were independent predictors of MAIMT ( R 2 = .44). In this inner-city predominantly African American population, atherosclerosis and dental loss are age dependent and are interrelated independent of age.

Cultural Competency: A Key to Effective Future Social Work with Racially and Ethnically Diverse Elders

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Won Min
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Gerontological Social Work ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Racial Ethnic

With 2 dominant demographic imperatives of the aging population and increasing racial/ethnic diversity of the older population, current and future generations of racially and ethnically diverse elders are expected to experience complex and diverse sets of service needs. More than ever, the social work profession needs a strategic approach to working with current and future generations of diverse elders. The author presents information that allows a better understanding of future issues and problems facing racial/ethnic minority elders and discusses how social work can effectively and successfully address these future needs. Five specific recommendations are proposed: (a) reconceptualize race/ethnicity and diversity in social work practice, (b) identify and develop a conceptual framework for social work with racially and ethnically diverse elders, (c) consider a multidisciplinary community-oriented and neighborhood-based approach, (d) advance culturally competent gerontological social work with diverse elders, and (e) strengthen gerontological social work education with an emphasis on cultural competence.

scholarly journals GANG RAPE: A study in inner-city Johannesburg

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Vetten ◽  
Sadiyya Haffejee
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Gang Rape

A study of gang rape cases reported to police in inner-city Johannesburg in 1999 – although fairly dated – provides new insights into a disturbing pheno menon. The most striking thing about these rapes is their predatory nature. Typically, groups of men either lie in wait for their victims, or actively drive around looking for someone to abduct. The attacks are also brazen and violent: women are confronted in public spaces, and the use of force increases with the number of perpetrators involved in the rape.

Ethnic Diversity, Segregation and Ethnocentric Trust in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Lea Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
African Countries ◽  
A Value ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Group

AbstractEthnic diversity is generally associated with less social capital and lower levels of trust. However, most empirical evidence for this relationship is focused on generalized trust, rather than more theoretically appropriate measures of group-based trust. This article evaluates the relationship between ethnic diversity – at the national, regional and local levels – and the degree to which coethnics are trusted more than non-coethnics, a value referred to here as the ‘coethnic trust premium’. Using public opinion data from sixteen African countries, this study finds that citizens of ethnically diverse states express, on average, more ethnocentric trust. However, within countries, regional ethnic diversity is associated with less ethnocentric trust. This same negative pattern between diversity and ethnocentric trust appears across districts and enumeration areas within Malawi. The article then shows, consistent with these patterns, that diversity is only detrimental to intergroup trust at the national level when ethnic groups are spatially segregated. These results highlight the importance of the spatial distribution of ethnic groups on intergroup relations, and question the utility of micro-level studies of interethnic interactions for understanding macro-level group dynamics.

E-Government Initiatives through Cloud Computing

2016 ◽  
pp. 74-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anshari ◽  
Mohammad Nabil Almunawar
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Citizen Empowerment ◽  
The Government

The recent development of Web 2.0, cloud computing and its related technologies are contributing towards the tendency to utilize mobile services and e-participation through Web 2.0. It offers users the ability to have greater control of information flow in public spaces, making active participation highly possible. Citizens are empowered in the sense that they control the process of interaction(s), either with the government or with other citizens. This chapter presents a model for empowerment of citizens in e-government systems to enhance e-participation in e-government business processes through the cloud. We believe cloud computing is a platform to implement e-participation using Web 2.0 as many of the existing Web 2.0 applications are deployed in the cloud. The model is derived based on contemporary literature on empowerment and participation in e-government services. This model is expected to fill the gap in identifying a strategy of citizen empowerment in e-participation systems.

scholarly journals Experiences of neighbourhood exclusion and inclusion among older people living in deprived inner-city areas in Belgium and England

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
TINE BUFFEL ◽  
CHRIS PHILLIPSON ◽  
THOMAS SCHARF
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Place And Space

ABSTRACTThis article explores conceptual and empirical aspects of the social exclusion/inclusion debate in later life, with a particular focus on issues of place and space in urban settings. Exploratory findings are reported from two empirical studies in Belgium and England, which sought to examine experiences of social exclusion and inclusion among people aged 60 and over living in deprived inner-city neighbourhoods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with an ethnically diverse sample of 102 older people in Belgium and 124 in England. Thematic analysis of interview data identifies four issues in relation to the neighbourhood dimension of social exclusion/inclusion in later life: experiences of community change; feelings of security and safety; the management of urban space; and strategies of control. The results suggest that neighbourhoods have a significant influence on shaping the experience of exclusion and inclusion in later life, with a number of similarities identified across the different study areas. The article concludes by discussing conceptual and policy issues raised by the research.

scholarly journals Introduction to the Special Issue—A Necessary Step in Pursuit of Equity: Developing a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Special Education Teaching Force

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey A. Trainor ◽  
Elizabeth Bettini ◽  
LaRon A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Special Educators ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Equitable Access ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Teaching Force

This special issue of Remedial and Special Education is a collection of theoretical and empirical research addressing equity in the preparation of a diverse special education teaching force, with a focus on racial/ethnic diversity. The purpose of this special issue is to open a conversation about equity as it pertains to special education teachers, including both students’ equitable access to special education teachers who share their racial/ethnic and/or cultural background and prospective special educators’ equitable access to the profession.

scholarly journals Rising Ethnic Diversity in the United States Accompanies Shifts Toward an Individualistic Culture

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855062096723
Author(s):  
Alex C. Huynh ◽  
Igor Grossmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Relational Structures ◽  
Individualistic Culture ◽  
The Relationship

We investigate the relationship between ethnic diversity and the rise of individualism in the United States during the 20th and 21st centuries. Tests of the historical rates of ethnic diversity alongside individualistic relational structures (e.g., adults living alone, single-/multi-child families) from the years 1950 to 2018 reveal that societal and regional rates of ethnic diversity accompanied individualistic relational structures. These effects hold above and beyond time-series trends in each variable. Further evidence from experimental studies ( N = 707) suggests that the presence of, and contact with, ethnically diverse others contributes to greater individualistic values (e.g., the importance of uniqueness and personal achievement). Converging evidence across societal-, regional-, and individual-level analyses suggests a systematic link between ethnic diversity and individualism. We discuss the implications of these findings for sociocultural livelihood in light of the rising rates of ethnic diversity across the globe.

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