scholarly journals Radiation caries in patients receiving cancer therapy: a review of the literature and their own clinical observations

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Obukhov ◽  
E. V. Zhukovskaya ◽  
A. F. Karelin
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Radiation Caries ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Rehabilitation Period ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Hard Dental Tissues

Introduction.This study focuses on topical issues of etiopathogenesis, clinic and treatment of radiation injuries of hard dental tissues in patients who completed antitumor therapy.Review of literature data.In the course of reviewing both domestic and foreign sources of literature covering certain aspects of the problem, the authors formulate the principles of the differential diagnosis of radiation caries, prevention and treatment specificity.Results.The studies were performed at the TRSC “Russkoe Pole” from January 2017 to August 2018 (the median is 20 months). A group of 2005 patients who received radiation therapy for the treatment of hemoblastosis, solid tumors, including for the purpose of consolidation before the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, was selected. The most severe lesions of the dentition were detected in 74 (3.2 %) patients during the rehabilitation period, mainly with tumors of the central nervous system: radiation caries, trisism, adentia. Radiation caries is a common complication of radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant neoplasms in children and adolescents.Conclusion.The severity of radial caries is determined by the local dose and age of the patients at the time of exposure.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study was performed without external funding.

scholarly journals Neurobiology of sleep and insomnia in children with CNS tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
N. A. Andreeva ◽  
E. V. Kumirova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
External Funding ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Insomnia is a common symptom in children with malignant diseases and especially in children with tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). However, little attention is paid this complication during the therapy of malignant neoplasms. Insomnia violates the quality of life of children and their immediate surroundings. In this article, the etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostics are discussed in detail, and methods for treating this pathology are presented with two clinical cases confirming the diverse nature of insomnia in CNS tumors. Thus, the importance of an individual approach to the therapy of insomnia is emphasized.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study was performed without external funding

scholarly journals The results of multicenter treatment of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors of the central nervous system in children under 3 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
L. V. Olkhova ◽  
O. G. Zheludkova ◽  
L. S. Zubarovskaya ◽  
A. Yu. Smirnova ◽  
Yu. V. Dinikina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
High Dose Chemotherapy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Atypical Teratoid ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) of the central nervous system (CNS) is an aggressive malignant tumor that is mainly found in younger children and is associated with poor prognosis. Our objectives: to present the results of treatment of children with CNS AT/RT under 3 years of age and assess the impact of various prognostic factors on patient survival. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. The study included 106 patients with CNS AT/RT aged 0–3 years who had been treated and monitored from 2008 to 2020. The median age was 16 (9; 23) months. All the patients underwent primary tumor resection with subsequent chemotherapy according to various protocols. At the time of the analysis, 47 patients (44.4%) were alive, 1 patient (0.9%) was lost to follow-up and 58 patients (54.7%) were dead, of whom 52 patients (90%) had died of disease progression and 6 (10%) – of polychemotherapy complications. One patient developed shunt-related intraabdominal metastasis within 10 months of the diagnosis. The 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 0.50; the 2-year PFS was 0.29; the 5-year PFS – 0.27. The median PFS was 12 months. The 1-year overall survival (OS) was 0.72; the 2-year OS was 0.53; the 5-year OS – 0.40. The median OS was 27 months. An analysis of patients with CNS AT/RT under 3 years of age showed that PFS was statistically significantly higher in: children aged > 12 months; children with totally resected tumours; children who had received polychemotherapy in accordance with the ATRT-2006 protocol that included radiotherapy and regional administration of a triplet of chemotherapeutic agents. The OS in patients with CNS AT/RT aged < 3 years was statistically significantly higher in: children aged > 12 months; children who had been treated with radiation therapy; patients who had received cytosar/etoposide intrathecally/intraventricularly; patients who had undergone high-dose chemotherapy with subsequent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A multivariate analysis revealed that PFS was influenced by age, tumor location, extent of resection and exposure to radiation therapy, regional chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, while OS was affected by age and exposure to radiation therapy.

scholarly journals Dental disorders in patients recovered from malignant neoplasms in childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
D. F. Smirnov ◽  
L. V. Sidorenko
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Dental Pathology ◽  
Craniofacial Dysmorphism ◽  
Critical Patients

During the development of the bodyʼs homeostatic systems, anticancer drugs and radiation affect both tumor cells and healthy tissues. Damage to tissues with low potential for restorative functions, such as teeth, leads to a high probability of irreversible changes. The purpose of this literature review is to provide information on dental defects resulting from anticancer treatment. The most common anomalies in the development of teeth include a violation of the number, size, shape, mineralization of teeth, defects of dentin and enamel. The effect of a number of chemotherapeutic drugs has been studied in animal models and include a deficiency and thinning of the roots of the teeth. Irradiation leads to a wider spectrum of dental pathology: the integritation of the teeth changes, craniofacial dysmorphism, post-radiation mandibular hypomobility, damage to the salivary glands, the risk of developing osteoradionecrosis. The extent and severity of these effects depends from the child's age type of tumor and the radiation dose. The stage of tooth development is critical. Patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) before the age of 3 have a higher risk of dental disorders and anomalies in the development and growth of the face. Radiation therapy plays a leading role in the formation of caries. The study of the long-term effects of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, HSCT on the development of dental complications is of interest to identify the most vulnerable groups of patients in order to ensure the possibility of early intervention and improve the quality of life.

Observed‐to‐expected incidence ratios of second malignant neoplasms after radiation therapy for medulloblastoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results analysis

Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chonnipa Nantavithya ◽  
Arnold C. Paulino ◽  
Kaiping Liao ◽  
Kristina D. Woodhouse ◽  
Susan L. McGovern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Second Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
End Results

scholarly journals Hard Dental Tissues Regeneration—Approaches and Challenges

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2558
Author(s):  
Mihaela Olaru ◽  
Liliana Sachelarie ◽  
Gabriela Calin
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Tissue Engineering Approach ◽  
Hard Dental Tissues ◽  
Review Reports

With the development of the modern concept of tissue engineering approach and the discovery of the potential of stem cells in dentistry, the regeneration of hard dental tissues has become a reality and a priority of modern dentistry. The present review reports the recent advances on stem-cell based regeneration strategies for hard dental tissues and analyze the feasibility of stem cells and of growth factors in scaffolds-based or scaffold-free approaches in inducing the regeneration of either the whole tooth or only of its component structures.

The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Management of Primary Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas of the Central Nervous System: Clinical Study of 10 Cases

1986 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Di Marco ◽  
Luisa Rosta ◽  
Franco Campostrini ◽  
Andrea Bonetti ◽  
Mario Palazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Whole Brain Irradiation ◽  
Brain Irradiation ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Uncommon Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Clinical Conditions

A series of 10 patients with a primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the central nervous system were observed and treated by the authors. All were diagnosed after a pathologic examination of the surgical material; the lesions were supratentorial in all cases and unifocal in 9. In every case radiation therapy improved clinical conditions and in most cases even radiologic features of the patients. Four patients were alive and without evidence of disease many months after therapy. Four patients died with a relapse in the central nervous system; 3 of them had disseminated disease at the time of death. Two patients died for an unknown cause. Radiation therapy was performed with 60Co source with 2 opposed portals and the whole brain irradiation technique in all cases but 2. Doses ranged from 35 to 54 Gy. The recent literature on this uncommon disease and the most adequate therapeutic possibilities of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, or both, are discussed.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF MICROBIAL FLORA IMBALANCE IN GINGIVAL BIOFILM

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
G. A. Loban ◽  
T. O. Petrushanko ◽  
V. V. Chereda ◽  
M. O. Faustova ◽  
M. M. Ananieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Dmf Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hard Dental Tissues

Background. Periodontal tissues inflammatory diseases are widespread among young people. Objective. This study was aimed at elaborating the method to assess risks of periodontal inflammatory diseases and determining its efficacy depending on the state of dental tissues, gum tissues and sex.          Methods. The study included 182 students (93 men, 89 women) aged 19-29: 22 individuals had no lesions of hard dental tissues and no signs of periodontal disease; 51 individuals were found to have DMF index <6; 52 individuals – DMF index ≥6; 57 individuals were diagnosed with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Primary groups were formed in autumn; re-examination was carried in spring. The research participants were assessed for detection of risks of periodontal inflammatory disease by the method developes by the authors (Patent UA 54041). Results. The study revealed that the risk of development of preiodontitis increases in individuals with high caries and gingivitis intensity. In spring, more individuals suffer from microbial imbalance in in the composition of gingival sulcus fluid and decrease in the mean stability coefficient value that indicates an increased risk of inflammatory periodontal disease development. Women were less likely to experience seasonal dysbiotic changes in the gingival sulcus fluid composition compared with men. Conclusions. The method suggested for assessment of the risk of periodontal inflammatory diseases is of high informativeness. It allows clinicians detecting early pre-nosological signs of oral microbiocenosis imbalance that enhances the effectiveness of early diagnosis of inflammatory periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Тhe effect of cancer patients’ positioning accuracy during radiation therapy sessions using medical linear electron accelerators on the parameters of their individual 3D dose distribution

Doklady BGUIR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
M. N. Piatkevich ◽  
E. V. Titovich ◽  
G. V. Belkov
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Individual Dose ◽  
Dose Distributions ◽  
The Impact

Due to the rapid development and further improvement of radiation treatment technologies oncologists have an opportunity to precisely deliver individual dose distributions to the tumor, minimizing the doses obtained by critical organs and healthy structures. For the correct and successful application of these complex methods of radiation therapy, it was necessary to enforce the requirements for the technical and dosimetric parameters of the radiotherapy equipment. The purpose of the research is to determine the magnitude of the possible error for patients’ positioning during their radiotherapy treatments using medical linear accelerators by modeling the impact of the patient’s body on the treatment couch. To determine the values of a possible error, the authors have considered the design and characteristics of a typical treatment couch, developed a model of the “average” patient’s body (phantom), which allowed changing the load to the treatment couch with a step of 1 kg. The position parameters of treatment couches were determined for the main types of localization of radiation therapy for malignant tumors: head and neck tumors, breast tumors and pelvic tumors. Numerical values of the treatment coach deviations from prescribed horizontal position were experimentally established for a load from 40 to 180 kg for a treatment couch used at the N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus. Based on the obtained experimental data, the necessity to correct the patient's treatment conditions at the stage of treatment planning were confirmed in order to ensure the delivery accuracy of individual dose distributions as required by the radiation therapy protocols. Authors stated that an analysis of the dependence of the deviations in the dose delivered to the patients on the deviation of the radiotherapy table from its horizontal position should be carried out for each radiotherapy table used in clinical practice. The development and implementation of a mechanism that will allow considering this information when choosing the parameters of the patient’s treatment session and prescribing the dose for any localization of malignant neoplasms is needed.

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