scholarly journals Dental disorders in patients recovered from malignant neoplasms in childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
D. F. Smirnov ◽  
L. V. Sidorenko
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Dental Pathology ◽  
Craniofacial Dysmorphism ◽  
Critical Patients

During the development of the bodyʼs homeostatic systems, anticancer drugs and radiation affect both tumor cells and healthy tissues. Damage to tissues with low potential for restorative functions, such as teeth, leads to a high probability of irreversible changes. The purpose of this literature review is to provide information on dental defects resulting from anticancer treatment. The most common anomalies in the development of teeth include a violation of the number, size, shape, mineralization of teeth, defects of dentin and enamel. The effect of a number of chemotherapeutic drugs has been studied in animal models and include a deficiency and thinning of the roots of the teeth. Irradiation leads to a wider spectrum of dental pathology: the integritation of the teeth changes, craniofacial dysmorphism, post-radiation mandibular hypomobility, damage to the salivary glands, the risk of developing osteoradionecrosis. The extent and severity of these effects depends from the child's age type of tumor and the radiation dose. The stage of tooth development is critical. Patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) before the age of 3 have a higher risk of dental disorders and anomalies in the development and growth of the face. Radiation therapy plays a leading role in the formation of caries. The study of the long-term effects of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, HSCT on the development of dental complications is of interest to identify the most vulnerable groups of patients in order to ensure the possibility of early intervention and improve the quality of life.

scholarly journals Radiation caries in patients receiving cancer therapy: a review of the literature and their own clinical observations

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Obukhov ◽  
E. V. Zhukovskaya ◽  
A. F. Karelin
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Radiation Caries ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Rehabilitation Period ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Hard Dental Tissues

Introduction.This study focuses on topical issues of etiopathogenesis, clinic and treatment of radiation injuries of hard dental tissues in patients who completed antitumor therapy.Review of literature data.In the course of reviewing both domestic and foreign sources of literature covering certain aspects of the problem, the authors formulate the principles of the differential diagnosis of radiation caries, prevention and treatment specificity.Results.The studies were performed at the TRSC “Russkoe Pole” from January 2017 to August 2018 (the median is 20 months). A group of 2005 patients who received radiation therapy for the treatment of hemoblastosis, solid tumors, including for the purpose of consolidation before the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, was selected. The most severe lesions of the dentition were detected in 74 (3.2 %) patients during the rehabilitation period, mainly with tumors of the central nervous system: radiation caries, trisism, adentia. Radiation caries is a common complication of radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant neoplasms in children and adolescents.Conclusion.The severity of radial caries is determined by the local dose and age of the patients at the time of exposure.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study was performed without external funding.

Observed‐to‐expected incidence ratios of second malignant neoplasms after radiation therapy for medulloblastoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results analysis

Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chonnipa Nantavithya ◽  
Arnold C. Paulino ◽  
Kaiping Liao ◽  
Kristina D. Woodhouse ◽  
Susan L. McGovern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Second Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
End Results

scholarly journals Radiation therapy for pediatric craniopharyngioma

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. E10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Kiehna ◽  
Thomas E. Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Conservative Surgery ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Limited Surgery

Object The treatment of craniopharyngioma is highly controversial. Continued advances in limited surgery and radiation therapy have maintained excellent local disease control while minimizing treatment-related sequelae. Further analyses of outcomes are necessary to characterize the long-term effects of radiation therapy. Methods An extensive literature review was performed for all studies including radiation therapy, with or without surgery, for pediatric craniopharyngioma. Results The authors identified 32 papers describing radiation therapy for treatment of pediatric craniopharyngioma, with disease control ranging from 44 to 100%. Modern studies report at least 90% disease control with 5-year follow-up. Fifteen studies reported outcomes, demonstrating that more than two-thirds of patients treated with surgery and radiation therapy have favorable outcomes, and this rate is more than 85% in the modern era. Conclusions Conservative surgery and radiation therapy results in long-term disease control in pediatric patients with craniopharyngioma that is comparable to results obtained with radical surgery alone. However, children with craniopharyngioma remain vulnerable to late treatment failures and side effects from radiation therapy, including endocrinopathies, vasculopathies, and secondary tumors, which may be detrimental to the quality of life. Long-term follow-up beyond 5–10 years is necessary to assess tumor control relative to functional outcomes.

scholarly journals El Trabajo Social Educativo: Perspectiva desde el Departamento de Consejería Estudiantil

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Alexandra Rodríguez Álava ◽  
María José Loor Zamora ◽  
Ulbio Colón Durán Pico
Keyword(s):  
Social Worker ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Student Counseling ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Inductive Methods ◽  
Los Grupos

El área de acción del trabajador social es diversa; en el ámbito educativo, su trabajo se fortalece con otros profesionales, encontrándose con situaciones conflictivas relacionadas con estudiantes, familias, docentes y autoridades, que afectan el proceso formativo. El propósito de la investigación fue identificar la intervención del trabajador social como parte del equipo multidisciplinario del Departamento de Consejería Estudiantil (DECE) en el Distrito 4 del cantón Portoviejo – Manabí - Ecuador, zona 13D01. Para la puesta en marcha de este estudio cuali – cuantitativo se utilizó a nivel teórico los métodos inductivo – deductivo, análisis y síntesis, y la revisión bibliográfica que permitió fortalecer el sustento científico; a nivel empírico se aplicó encuesta a estudiantes, trabajadores sociales y directivos de las Unidades Educativas, el análisis estadístico para el procesamiento de datos. En los resultados se destaca que los problemas más comunes están relacionados con la disciplina y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes; la   función principal del trabajador social se circunscribe en la orientación a estudiantes y padres de familia, y la investigación; evidencia un rol protagónico y su aporte es valorado por los miembros de la comunidad educativa; de la misma manera se resalta la necesidad de emprender acciones de prevención que atenten al desarrollo armónico de los estudiantes y sus familias y la atención a los derechos de los grupos más vulnerables. Sumary The ​​action area of the social worker is diverse; In the educational field, his work is strengthened with other professionals, encountering conflictive situations related to students, families, teachers and authorities, which affect the training process. The purpose of the investigation was to identify the intervention of the social worker as part of the multidisciplinary team of the Department of Student Counseling (DECE) in District 4 of the canton of Portoviejo - Manabí - Ecuador, zone 13D01. For the implementation of this qualitative study - quantitative at a theoretical level - the inductive methods - deductive, analysis and synthesis, and the bibliographical review that allows to improve the scientific sustenance; an empirical level was applied to students, social workers and managers of the Educational Units, the statistical analysis for data processing. The results highlight the most common problems related to the discipline and academic performance of students; the main function of the social worker is circumscribed in the orientation to students and parents, and the investigation; evidence a leading role and its contribution valued by members of the educational community; in the same way, it is due to the need to undertake prevention actions that threaten the harmonious development of students and families and the attention to the rights of the most vulnerable groups. PARTICIPACIÓN  EN LA PUBLICACIÓN: Autor:  Leonor Alexandra Rodríguez Álava, Dra. Co – Autores:    María José Loor Zamora, Ulbio Colón Durán Pico, MSc.

scholarly journals LATE RADIATION TOXICITY AFTER RADICAL RADIOTHERAPY FOR GENITAL CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 130-147
Author(s):  
O. Sukhina ◽  
◽  
K. Nemaltsova ◽  
O. Panov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Radiation Toxicity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Radiation Cystitis ◽  
Local Radiation ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Female Genital

Radiation therapy for malignant tumors of the female genital area, even with the use of modern radiotherapy equipment and dosimetric planning, causes the development of local radiation changes. An approach involving methods of general and local exposure is used in their treatment. One of the most promising directions is the creation of optimal combinations of medicines (in the form of ointments, gels, aerosols, suppositories, etc.), which have a therapeutic effect on the inflammatory process. The article reflects the clinical course and stage of occurrence of late radiation reactions of the skin, vaginal/cervix mucosa, bladder, and intestines, as well as the features of their treatment. Literary data and own practical experience in the treatment of radiation complications are presented. When reviewing the topic under study, it could be concluded that the leading cause of the development of local radiation damage is the errors in the planning and implementation of radiation therapy, when high absorbed doses that exceed the tolerance of healthy tissues are used. Another reason for this is the poor accounting for dose distribution of ionizing radiation in tissues, the presence of concomitant diseases in patients, and the underestimation of the long-term effects of radiation. Key words: female genital organs, radiation damage, radiodermatitis, radioepitheliitis, radiation rectitis, radiation cystitis.

scholarly journals Тhe effect of cancer patients’ positioning accuracy during radiation therapy sessions using medical linear electron accelerators on the parameters of their individual 3D dose distribution

Doklady BGUIR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
M. N. Piatkevich ◽  
E. V. Titovich ◽  
G. V. Belkov
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Individual Dose ◽  
Dose Distributions ◽  
The Impact

Due to the rapid development and further improvement of radiation treatment technologies oncologists have an opportunity to precisely deliver individual dose distributions to the tumor, minimizing the doses obtained by critical organs and healthy structures. For the correct and successful application of these complex methods of radiation therapy, it was necessary to enforce the requirements for the technical and dosimetric parameters of the radiotherapy equipment. The purpose of the research is to determine the magnitude of the possible error for patients’ positioning during their radiotherapy treatments using medical linear accelerators by modeling the impact of the patient’s body on the treatment couch. To determine the values of a possible error, the authors have considered the design and characteristics of a typical treatment couch, developed a model of the “average” patient’s body (phantom), which allowed changing the load to the treatment couch with a step of 1 kg. The position parameters of treatment couches were determined for the main types of localization of radiation therapy for malignant tumors: head and neck tumors, breast tumors and pelvic tumors. Numerical values of the treatment coach deviations from prescribed horizontal position were experimentally established for a load from 40 to 180 kg for a treatment couch used at the N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus. Based on the obtained experimental data, the necessity to correct the patient's treatment conditions at the stage of treatment planning were confirmed in order to ensure the delivery accuracy of individual dose distributions as required by the radiation therapy protocols. Authors stated that an analysis of the dependence of the deviations in the dose delivered to the patients on the deviation of the radiotherapy table from its horizontal position should be carried out for each radiotherapy table used in clinical practice. The development and implementation of a mechanism that will allow considering this information when choosing the parameters of the patient’s treatment session and prescribing the dose for any localization of malignant neoplasms is needed.

scholarly journals Outcome and Late Complications of Hepatoblastomas Treated Using the Japanese Study Group for Pediatric Liver Tumor 2 Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (22) ◽  
pp. 2488-2498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiso Hiyama ◽  
Tomoro Hishiki ◽  
Kenichiro Watanabe ◽  
Kohmei Ida ◽  
Yuka Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Effects ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Japanese Study ◽  
Pediatric Liver

PURPOSE We report here the outcomes and late effects of the Japanese Study Group for Pediatric Liver Tumors (JPLT)-2 protocol, on the basis of cisplatin-tetrahydropyranyl-adriamycin (CITA) with risk stratification according to the pretreatment extent of disease (PRETEXT) classification for hepatoblastoma (HB). PATIENTS AND METHODS From 1999 to 2012, 361 patients with untreated HB were enrolled. PRETEXT I/II patients were treated with up-front resection, followed by low-dose CITA (stratum 1) or received low-dose CITA, followed by surgery and postoperative chemotherapy (stratum 2). In the remaining patients, after 2 cycles of CITA, responders received the CITA regimen before resection (stratum 3), and nonresponders were switched to ifosfamide, pirarubicin, etoposide, and carboplatin (ITEC; stratum 4). Intensified chemotherapeutic regimens with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (SCT) after resection were an optional treatment for patients with refractory/metastatic disease. RESULTS The 5-year event-free and overall survival rates of HB patients were 74.2% and 89.9%, respectively, for stratum 1, 84.8% and 90.8%%, respectively, for stratum 2, 71.6% and 85.9%%, respectively, for stratum 3, and 59.1% and 67.3%%, respectively, for stratum 4. The outcomes for CITA responders were significantly better than those for nonresponders, whose outcomes remained poor despite salvage therapy with a second-line ITEC regimen or SCT. The late effects, ototoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and delayed growth, occurred in 61, 18, and 47 patients, respectively. Thirteen secondary malignant neoplasms (SMNs), including 10 leukemia, occurred, correlating with higher exposure to pirarubicin and younger age at diagnosis. CONCLUSION The JPLT-2 protocol achieved up-front resectability in PRETEXT I/II patients with no annotation factors, and satisfactory survival in patients who were CITA responders in the remaining patients. However, outcomes for CITA nonresponders were unsatisfactory, despite therapy intensification with ITEC regimens and SCT. JPLT-2 had a relatively low incidence of cardiotoxicity but high rates of SMNs.

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