EFFECTS OF RAMIAL CHIPPED WOOD AMENDMENTS ON WEED CONTROL, SOIL PROPERTIES AND TOMATO CROP YIELD

2014 ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Robert ◽  
M. Tanguy ◽  
J. Riss ◽  
R. Gallois
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Tomato Crop

scholarly journals Effect of Soil-Applied L-tryptophan on the Amount of Biomass and Nitrogen and Sulfur Utilization by Maize

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2582
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Gondek ◽  
Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Yield And Quality

As natural plant growth stimulators, amino acids are widely used to improve crop yield and quality. There are numerous studies documenting the influence of amino acids on plants, which is not always positive. This study was conducted to determine the effect of soil-applied L-tryptophan (L-TRP) on the accumulation and utilization of nitrogen and sulfur by maize. The study was carried out under the conditions of a pot experiment. The experimental design included three treatments: soil without fertilization (control), soil with mineral fertilization (NPKS), and soil with mineral fertilization and L-tryptophan addition (NPKS + L-TRP). The application of tryptophan to the soil, supported by mineral fertilization, caused a significant increase in maize biomass. Although no significant differences in nitrogen and sulfur contents in maize biomass were found between treatments without and with the addition of L-tryptophan, significantly higher intakes of both elements were observed in the NPKS + L-TRP treatment. The application of L-tryptophan increased the biosynthesis of Chlorophyll a. Utilization of nitrogen and sulfur by maize in the NPKS + L-TRP treatment was more than 27% and 17% higher, respectively, compared to the NPKS treatment. Maintaining the recommended contents of individual nutrients in the rhizosphere is not a guarantee of optimal quantitative and qualitative intake of nutrients. Problems with maintaining optimal relationships between individual nutrients may be compounded by soil properties.

Effects of sewage wastewater irrigation on soil properties, crop yield and environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. Singh ◽  
P.B. Deshbhratar ◽  
D.S. Ramteke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Wastewater Irrigation

scholarly journals Effects of glyphosate-based herbicides and their active ingredients on earthworms, water infiltration and glyphosate leaching are influenced by soil properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann G. Zaller ◽  
Maureen Weber ◽  
Michael Maderthaner ◽  
Edith Gruber ◽  
Eszter Takács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Earthworm Activity

Abstract Background Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are among the most often used pesticides. The hundreds of GBHs used worldwide consist of the active ingredient (AI) glyphosate in form of different salts, possibly other AIs, and various mostly undisclosed co-formulants. Pesticide risk assessments are commonly performed using single AIs or GBHs at standard soil conditions without vegetation. In a greenhouse experiment, we established a weed population with common amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus) to examine the effects of three GBHs (Roundup LB Plus, Roundup PowerFlex, Touchdown Quattro) and their corresponding AIs (salts of glyphosate isopropylammonium, potassium, diammonium) on the activity and physiological biomarkers (glutathione S-transferase, GST; acetylcholine esterase, AChE) of an ecologically relevant earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris). GBHs and AIs were applied at recommended doses; hand weeding served as control. Experiments were established with two soil types differing in organic matter content (SOM; 3.0% vs. 4.1%) and other properties. Results Earthworm activity (casting and movement activity) decreased after application of glyphosate formulations or active ingredients compared to hand weeding. We found no consistent pattern that formulations had either higher or lower effects on earthworm activity than their active ingredients; rather, differences were substance-specific. Earthworm activity was little affected by soil organic matter levels. Biomarkers remained unaffected by weed control types; GST but not AChE was decreased under high SOM. Water infiltration after a simulated heavy rainfall was interactively affected by weed control types and SOM. Leachate amount was higher after application of formulations than active ingredients and was higher under low SOM. Glyphosate concentrations in soil and leachate were strongly affected by application of formulations or active ingredients and varied with SOM (significant weed control type x SOM interaction). Conclusions We found that both commercial formulations and pure active ingredients can influence earthworms with consequences on important soil functions. Glyphosate products showed increased, reduced or similar effects than pure glyphosate on particular soil functions; soil properties can substantially alter this. Especially at lower SOM, heavy rainfalls could lead to more glyphosate leaching into water bodies. A full disclosure of co-formulants would be necessary to further decipher their specific contributions to these inconsistent effects.

Evaluation of Imazethapyr for Weed Control in Leafy Vegetable Crops

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Dusky ◽  
William M. Stall
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Common Purslane

Imazethapyr was evaluated PRE and POST in five lettuce types and chicory under Florida field conditions. The relative sensitivity of leafy crop vigor (most sensitive to most tolerant) to imazethapyr PRE, based on 20% inhibition determined using regression analysis, was as follows: Boston > bibb > crisphead > romaine > leaf > escarole > endive. Leafy crop injury increased as the rate of imazethapyr applied POST increased, with all leafy crops responding in a similar manner. Surfactant addition increased imazethapyr phytotoxicity. Imazethapyr PRE treatments at 0.067 kg ai/ha provided greater than 80% control of livid amaranth, common purslane, flatsedge, and common lambsquarters. Imazethapyr POST at 0.067 kg/ha, with surfactant provided control greater than 85% of all weed species. Greater than 85% spiny amaranth control was provided by imazethapyr POST at 0.017 kg/ha. Use of surfactant with imazethapyr did not improve spiny amaranth control over imazethapyr with no surfactant. POST treatments did not decrease leafy crop yield compared with the hand-weeded check. Imazethapyr applied PRE reduced crop yield compared to the POST treatments and the hand-weeded control.

Weed Population and Crop Yield Response to Recommendations from a Weed Control Decision Aid

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda L. Hoffman ◽  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
Micheal D. K. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Control Decision

Sweetpotato Tolerance to Halosulfuron Applied Postemergence

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. MacRae ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Roger B. Batts ◽  
Allan C. Thorton ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Total Crop

Studies were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to determine the effect of application timing and halosulfuron rate on sweetpotato yield and quality. Halosulfuron was applied 1, 2, and 4 wks after transplanting (WAP) sweetpotato in 2003, and 2, 3, and 4 WAP in 2004. Treatments within each timing included halosulfuron at 13, 26, 39, 52, and 65 g ai/ha plus a weed-free control. Combined over year, site, cultivar and rate, halosulfuron applied at 1, 2, 3, and 4 WAP stunted sweetpotato 32, 15, 11, and 14%, respectively, rated 2 wks after treatment. The stunting observed with the 1 and 2 WAP timings caused a 17 and 10% reduction in yield of No. 1 roots, respectively, compared with the weed-free control. The 3 and 4 WAP timings of halosulfuron did not reduce yield of No. 1 roots. Total yield was reduced approximately 11% at the 1, 2, and 3 WAP application timings. Halosulfuron at 4 WAP did not reduce total yield. Combined over year, site, and cultivar, halosulfuron applied at 39 g/ha did not reduce the weight of No. 1 roots or total crop yield and thus could be an effective POST option for weed control in sweetpotato.

scholarly journals APPLICATION HEIGHT IN HERBICIDES EFFICIENCY IN BEAN CROPS

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
G. A. M. PEREIRA ◽  
L. H. BARCELLOS JR ◽  
D. V. SILVA ◽  
R. R. BRAGA ◽  
M. M. TEIXEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Sprayer Nozzle

ABSTRACTInadequate herbicide application can result in failures in weed control and/or poisoning of the crops, resulting in yield losses. In this research were assessed the effects of the sprayer nozzle boom height in the distribution of the spray solution for weed control, influencing intoxication of beans and crop yield. Experiments were conducted in laboratory and field conditions. In laboratory, the performance of flat spray tip TT 11002 was assessed at heights 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 meters with respect to the target surface. In the field the same heights were assessed in applications of herbicides fomesafen, fluazifop-P-butyl and fomesafen + fluazifop-P-butyl. There was an inverse relationship between the height of the spray boom and the coefficients of variation of the patterns. The mixture better efficiency in a tank of fluazifop-P-butyl + fomesafen was obtained with the height of 0.50 m from the target. This treatment resulted in better weed control, lower poisoning of the bean plants and better crop yield rates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document