Managing stem-end flesh browning, a physiological disorder of ‘Gala’ apples

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
J.F. Nock ◽  
F.C. Doerflinger ◽  
G. Sutanto ◽  
Y. Al Shoffe ◽  
N. Gunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Flesh Browning

Fresh-cut Mango Fruit Slices

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 457b-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunya Limbanyen ◽  
Jeffrey K. Brecht ◽  
Steven A. Sargent ◽  
Jerry A. Bartz
Keyword(s):  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Yellow Flesh ◽  
Postharvest Life ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Flesh Browning ◽  
Aseptic Conditions

Preparation and handling procedures for fresh-cut mango slices were developed using `Tommy Atkins', `Haden', and `Palmer' mangoes. Fruit with yellow flesh color (no green color remaining) were optimum maturity for fresh-cut in terms of maintenance of acceptable appearance, texture, and taste; riper fruit developed flesh breakdown and more browning. Postharvest life of fresh-cut mango at 5 °C was 8 to 10 d with no evidence of chilling injury and was limited by flesh browning and loss of firmness. Respiration rates ranged from 32 to 40 mg CO2/kg per hr and ethylene production was typically ≤0.1 μl·kg–1·hr–1. The SSC changed little during storage, while pH varied from 3.5 to 4.8 and TA typically declined by 30% to 40%. Peeling to a depth of at least 2 mm and trimming flesh near the stem scar was necessary to minimize browning. Imported fruit that had been heat-treated for insect quarantine showed more severe browning than Florida fruit that had not been heat-treated. Preparation in aseptic conditions and dipping fruit in a 100 ppm NaOCl solution at pH 7 before and after peeling protected against decay during storage but dipping in chlorine after slicing without removal of excess liquid resulted in flesh translucency and breakdown. Dipping in 1% CaCl2 solution had no effect on flesh firmness (Instron) or browning. Storage in an unvented plastic clamshell container, which developed an atmosphere of 2.25% CO2 plus 19% O2, did not improve shelf life, but a MA of 10% CO2 plus 10% O2 was subjectively judged to slow browning and softening and resulted in no off flavor compared to air storage.

scholarly journals Quantifying single-cell secretion in real time using resonant hyperspectral imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (52) ◽  
pp. 13204-13209 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Juan-Colás ◽  
Ian S. Hitchcock ◽  
Mark Coles ◽  
Steven Johnson ◽  
Thomas F. Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Cell Secretion ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Technology Heterogeneity

Cell communication is primarily regulated by secreted proteins, whose inhomogeneous secretion often indicates physiological disorder. Parallel monitoring of innate protein-secretion kinetics from individual cells is thus crucial to unravel systemic malfunctions. Here, we report a label-free, high-throughput method for parallel, in vitro, and real-time analysis of specific single-cell signaling using hyperspectral photonic crystal resonant technology. Heterogeneity in physiological thrombopoietin expression from individual HepG2 liver cells in response to platelet desialylation was quantified demonstrating how mapping real-time protein secretion can provide a simple, yet powerful approach for studying complex physiological systems regulating protein production at single-cell resolution.

Nitrogen fertiliser alleviates the disorder straighthead in Australian rice

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Dunn ◽  
G. D. Batten ◽  
T. S. Dunn ◽  
R. Subasinghe ◽  
R. L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
N Application ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
N Status

Straighthead is a ‘physiological’ disorder of rice, the symptoms being floret sterility, deformed florets and panicles and reduced grain yield. Straighthead in rice is difficult to investigate because of its unpredictable occurrence under field conditions. An experiment was conducted in south-eastern Australia in 1996 to investigate the effect of rate and timing of N fertilisation on growth and yield of rice. The presence of straighthead at this location gave a unique opportunity to study the influence of crop N status. This paper reports the influence of N application on straighthead symptoms during this experiment. A significant reduction of straighthead occurred with higher rates of N application. Application of 250 kg N/ha pre-flood, improved plant growth and vigour with subsequent increased uptake and accumulation of S, P, K, Mg, Cu, Mn and Zn in the plant at panicle initiation. The reduction of straighthead at high nitrogen rates may be due to improved uptake of several essential nutrients, and Cu may be a critical nutrient. This study and earlier observations have shown the application of optimal levels of pre-flood nitrogen to achieve grain yields greater than 10 t/ha may reduce straighthead severity in the Australian rice-growing environment. The results in this paper are not presented as recommendations to growers but a contribution to the currently limited literature on straighthead in Australia.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll fluorescence as a predictive method for detection of browning disorders in 'Conference' pears and 'Jonagold' apples during controlled atmosphere storage

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Arriel Saquet ◽  
Josef Streif
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
Flesh Browning ◽  
Atmosphere Storage

The chlorophyll fluorescence technique was evaluated as a possible predictive and nondestructive method to detect low-O2 and/or high-CO2 injuries in 'Conference' pears and 'Jonagold' apples stored in controlled atmosphere (CA). The fruits were kept at 0°C in air, 1% CO2 + 2% O2 or 3% CO2 + 1% O2 during five months. Fluorescence parameters of minimal fluorescence (Fo), maximal fluorescence (Fm), and potential quantum yield - (Fm-Fo):Fm, also denoted as Fv:Fm- as well as the incidence of browning disorders were evaluated at several times during storage. No incidence of browning disorders was observed in 'Jonagold' apples, however, they showed a decrease in Fv:Fm during storage time with no differences between the CA-conditions. Air-stored apples showed a higher decrease in Fv:Fm. On the other hand, 'Conference' pears kept in 3% CO2 + 1% O2 developed a lot of browning injuries such as core flush, flesh browning and cavities. Under this CA-condition, a pronounced decrease in the quotient Fv:Fm was observed already in the first 15 days of storage prior to the development of browning, and this behaviour remained during the whole storage period. The air-stored pears showed a similar behaviour as of the air-stored apples with a pronounced decrease in the Fv:Fm at the end of the storage period. The present results indicate that chlorophyll fluorescence is a promising technique to detect browning injuries in 'Conference' pears prior to their development.

scholarly journals Prevention of New Cork Spot-like Physiological Disorder in ‘Kurenainoyume’ Apples by Pre-harvest Fruit Bagging

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Matsumoto ◽  
Toru Kobayashi ◽  
Tomoaki Kougo ◽  
Tomomichi Fujita ◽  
Saki Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Fruit Bagging

Comparative mapping of a QTL controlling black point formation in barley

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. March ◽  
Jason A. Able ◽  
Kerrie Willsmore ◽  
Carolyn J. Schultz ◽  
Amanda J. Able
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
High Sequence Similarity ◽  
Black Point

The dark discoloration of the embryo end of barley grain (known as black point) is a physiological disorder and the discovery of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on 2H confirms this trait is controlled genetically. The mechanisms underlying black point tolerance can now be dissected through identification of candidate genes. Comparisons between the QTL identified on chromosomes 2H of barley and 2B of wheat suggest that they are in similar positions near the centromere. In silico analysis, using rice, identified genes residing on two comparative chromosomes (4 and 7) of the rice genome. Analysis of the 12.6 Mb region revealed 1928 unique annotations classified into 11 functional categories. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with high sequence similarity to enzymes proposed to be involved in black point formation were used to develop restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). To ensure an even coverage of markers across the QTL, RFLP markers were also developed from other ESTs. Mapping of these markers has reduced the QTL region from 28 to 18 cM. This study has identified candidate genes for the control of black point formation and paves the way for future research to develop black point resistant barley cultivars.

scholarly journals Red to Brown: An Elevated Anthocyanic Response in Apple Drives Ethylene to Advance Maturity and Fruit Flesh Browning

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard V. Espley ◽  
Davin Leif ◽  
Blue Plunkett ◽  
Tony McGhie ◽  
Rebecca Henry-Kirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Flesh ◽  
Flesh Browning

scholarly journals Influence of Cold Storage on Pear Physico-Chemical Traits and Antioxidant Systems in Relation to Superficial Scald Development

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Caracciolo ◽  
Anna Magri ◽  
Milena Petriccione ◽  
Maria Luigia Maltoni ◽  
Gianluca Baruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Superficial Scald ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Chemical Traits

Superficial scald is the most common physiological disorder in apples and pears and causes huge economic losses worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine the different scald susceptibilities of seven pear cultivars/selections during five months of cold storage (CS). Four advanced pear selections and three commercial cultivars were harvested from an orchard located in Emilia-Romagna region, and cold stored at −1 °C and 85% relative humidity (RH).After 90, 120, and 150 days, fruits of each cultivar and selection were removed for ripening for 4 d, after which scald damage, physico-chemical and nutraceutical traits, and enzymatic antioxidant systems were evaluated on peel and pulp. ‘Abbé Fétel’, ‘Falstaff’, and ‘CREA 171’ did not showed superficial scald symptoms after 90 days, while ‘Doyenne du Comice’ and ‘CREA 264’ showed the highest susceptibility. After 90 days, CS ‘Falstaff’ and ‘CREA 179’ showed the highest total polyphenol content (TPH) in peel, followed by ‘Doyenne du Comice’ and ‘AbbéFétel’; lowest TPH was detected in ‘CREA 264’. After 120 and 150 days of CS, ‘Abbé Fétel’ and ‘CREA 171’ showed the highest peel TPH. ‘CREA 264’ and ‘CREA 125’ reached the lowest values of TPH during the three CS time periods. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were higher in the peel of scald-resistant than that in scald-susceptible pear cultivars/advanced selections. Superficial scald induced an increase in polyphenoloxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase activities involved in fruit-browning during CS. Furthermore, we observed an increase in lipoxygenase activity and consequent membrane damage in both the peel and flesh of the fruit. This study indicates that pear cultivars/advanced selections have different superficial scald susceptibilities that enable them to induce the activity of several antioxidant enzymes, following CS.

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