Relative tolerance of Japanese apple (Malus spp.) rootstock strains to NaCl stress

Abstract Low-quality water and soil salinization are increasingly becoming limiting factors for food production, including olive – a major fruit crop in several parts of the world. Identifying putative salinity-stress tolerance in olive would be helpful in the future development of new tolerant varieties. In this study, novel salinity-responsive biomarkers (SRBs) were characterized in the species, namely, monooxygenase 1 (OeMO1), cation calcium exchanger 1 (OeCCX1), salt tolerance protein (OeSTO), proteolipid membrane potential modulator (OePMP3), universal stress protein (OeUSP2), adaptor protein complex 4 medium mu4 subunit (OeAP-4), WRKY1 transcription factor (OeWRKY1) and potassium transporter 2 (OeKT2). Unique structural features were highlighted for encoded proteins as compared with other plant homologues. The expression of olive SRBs was investigated in leaves of young plantlets of two cultivars, ‘Nabali’ (moderately tolerant) and ‘Picual’ (tolerant). At 60 mM NaCl stress level, OeMO1, OeSTO, OePMP3, OeUSP2, OeAP-4 and OeWRKY1 were up-regulated in ‘Nabali’ as compared with ‘Picual’. On the other hand, OeCCX1 and OeKT2 were up-regulated at three stress levels (30, 60 and 90 mM NaCl) in ‘Picual’ as compared to ‘Nabali’. Salinity tolerance in olive presumably engages multiple sets of responsive genes triggered by different stress levels.

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A column-and-constraint generation algorithm for two-stage stochastic programming problems

Top ◽

10.1007/s11750-021-00593-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Denise D. Tönissen ◽

Joachim J. Arts ◽

Zuo-Jun Max Shen

Keyword(s):

Stochastic Programming ◽

Benders Decomposition ◽

Equivalent Model ◽

Computational Time ◽

Two Stage ◽

Generation Algorithm ◽

Constraint Generation ◽

Deterministic Equivalent ◽

Location Routing ◽

Relative Tolerance

AbstractThis paper presents a column-and-constraint generation algorithm for two-stage stochastic programming problems. A distinctive feature of the algorithm is that it does not assume fixed recourse and as a consequence the values and dimensions of the recourse matrix can be uncertain. The proposed algorithm contains multi-cut (partial) Benders decomposition and the deterministic equivalent model as special cases and can be used to trade-off computational speed and memory requirements. The algorithm outperforms multi-cut (partial) Benders decomposition in computational time and the deterministic equivalent model in memory requirements for a maintenance location routing problem. In addition, for instances with a large number of scenarios, the algorithm outperforms the deterministic equivalent model in both computational time and memory requirements. Furthermore, we present an adaptive relative tolerance for instances for which the solution time of the master problem is the bottleneck and the slave problems can be solved relatively efficiently. The adaptive relative tolerance is large in early iterations and converges to zero for the final iteration(s) of the algorithm. The combination of this relative adaptive tolerance with the proposed algorithm decreases the computational time of our instances even further.

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Application of Exogenous Protectants Mitigates Salt-Induced Na+ Toxicity and Sustains Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Seedling Growth: Comparison of Glycine Betaine and Salicylic Acid

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020380 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 380

Author(s):

Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani ◽

Jinsai Chen ◽

Mukesh Kumar Soothar ◽

Guangshuai Wang ◽

Xiaojun Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Glycine Betaine ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Soil Salinization ◽

Sodium Toxicity ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Effective Conditions ◽

A Current

Soil salinization adversely affects agricultural productivity. Mitigating the adverse effects of salinity represents a current major challenge for agricultural researchers worldwide. The effects of exogenously applied glycine betaine (GB) and salicylic acid (SA) on mitigating sodium toxicity and improving the growth of cotton seedlings subjected to salt stress remain unclear. The treatments in a phytotron included a control (CK, exogenously untreated, non-saline), two NaCl conditions (0 and 150 mM), four exogenous GB concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mM), and four exogenous SA concentrations (0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mM). The shoot and roots exposed to 150 mM NaCl without supplementation had significantly higher Na+ and reduced K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ contents, along with lowered biomass, compared with those of CK. Under NaCl stress, exogenous GB and SA at all concentrations substantially inversed these trends by improving ion uptake regulation and biomass accumulation compared with NaCl stress alone. Supplementation with 5.0 mM GB and with 1.0 mM SA under NaCl stress were the most effective conditions for mitigating Na+ toxicity and enhancing biomass accumulation. NaCl stress had a negative effect on plant growth parameters, including plant height, leaf area, leaf water potential, and total nitrogen (N) in the shoot and roots, which were improved by supplementation with 5.0 mM GB or 1.0 mM SA. Supplementation with 5.0 mM exogenous GB was more effective in controlling the percentage loss of conductivity (PLC) under NaCl stress.

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Silicon Can Alleviate Toxic Effect of NaCl Stress by Improving K+ and Si Uptake, Photosynthetic Efficiency with Reduced Na+ Toxicity in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Silicon ◽

10.1007/s12633-021-01270-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Salim Akhter ◽

Sibgha Noreen ◽

Nawishta Saleem ◽

Muhammad Saeed ◽

Shakeel Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Toxic Effect ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L

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Thiourea and hydrogen peroxide priming improved K+ retention and source-sink relationship for mitigating salt stress in rice

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80419-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manish Pandey ◽

Radha Krishna Paladi ◽

Ashish Kumar Srivastava ◽

Penna Suprasanna

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Redox Environment ◽

Source Sink

AbstractPlant bioregulators (PBRs) represent low-cost chemicals for boosting plant defense, especially under stress conditions. In the present study, redox based PBRs such as thiourea (TU; a non-physiological thiol-based ROS scavenger) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; a prevalent biological ROS) were assessed for their ability to mitigate NaCl stress in rice variety IR 64. Despite their contrasting redox chemistry, TU or H2O2 supplementation under NaCl [NaCl + TU (NT) or NaCl + H2O2 (NH)] generated a reducing redox environment in planta, which improved the plant growth compared with those of NaCl alone treatment. This was concomitant with better K+ retention and upregulated expression of NaCl defense related genes including HAK21, LEA1, TSPO and EN20 in both NT and NH treated seedlings. Under field conditions, foliar applications of TU and H2O2, at vegetative growth, pre-flowering and grain filling stages, increased growth and yield attributes under both control and NaCl stress conditions. Principal component analysis revealed glutathione reductase dependent reduced ROS accumulation in source (flag leaves) and sucrose synthase mediated sucrose catabolism in sink (developing inflorescence), as the key variables associated with NT and NH mediated effects, respectively. In addition, photosystem-II efficiency, K+ retention and source-sink relationship were also improved in TU and H2O2 treated plants. Taken together, our study highlights that reducing redox environment acts as a central regulator of plant’s tolerance responses to salt stress. In addition, TU and H2O2 are proposed as potential redox-based PBRs for boosting rice productivity under the realistic field conditions.

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