Application of Exogenous Protectants Mitigates Salt-Induced Na+ Toxicity and Sustains Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Seedling Growth: Comparison of Glycine Betaine and Salicylic Acid

Soil salinization adversely affects agricultural productivity. Mitigating the adverse effects of salinity represents a current major challenge for agricultural researchers worldwide. The effects of exogenously applied glycine betaine (GB) and salicylic acid (SA) on mitigating sodium toxicity and improving the growth of cotton seedlings subjected to salt stress remain unclear. The treatments in a phytotron included a control (CK, exogenously untreated, non-saline), two NaCl conditions (0 and 150 mM), four exogenous GB concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mM), and four exogenous SA concentrations (0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mM). The shoot and roots exposed to 150 mM NaCl without supplementation had significantly higher Na+ and reduced K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ contents, along with lowered biomass, compared with those of CK. Under NaCl stress, exogenous GB and SA at all concentrations substantially inversed these trends by improving ion uptake regulation and biomass accumulation compared with NaCl stress alone. Supplementation with 5.0 mM GB and with 1.0 mM SA under NaCl stress were the most effective conditions for mitigating Na+ toxicity and enhancing biomass accumulation. NaCl stress had a negative effect on plant growth parameters, including plant height, leaf area, leaf water potential, and total nitrogen (N) in the shoot and roots, which were improved by supplementation with 5.0 mM GB or 1.0 mM SA. Supplementation with 5.0 mM exogenous GB was more effective in controlling the percentage loss of conductivity (PLC) under NaCl stress.

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Mitigation of Salinity Stress Effects on Growth, Physio-Chemical Parameters and Yield of Snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Exogenous Application of Glycine Betaine

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.76.60 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 ◽

pp. 60-71

Author(s):

El Sayed M. Desoky ◽

Seham A. Ibrahim ◽

Abdel Rahman M. Merwad

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Glycine Betaine ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Stability Index ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Membrane Stability Index ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Stress Effects ◽

Relative Water

Pots experiment was carried out during season 2017 at greenhouse of the Agric. Bot. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt to evaluate the effect of glycine betaine (GB) application under salinity stress (50 and100 mM NaCl) on growth, physio-chemical analysis and yield of snap bean cv. Bronco. A complete randomized blocks design was used in this search with three replications. Growth parameters, chlorophyll content and green pod yield were significantly decreased with subjecting plants to NaCl. However foliar application of GB detoxified the stress generated by NaCl and significantly improved the above mention parameters. Salinity stress increased the electrolyte leakage (EL) and decreased membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC). While foliar application of GB was improved MSI and RWC and minimized EL. Proline content and antioxidant enzymes significantly increased in the response to NaCl stress as well as GB application.

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Alleviation Of Nacl Stress In Summer Squash ‘Eskandrani’ By Foliar Application Of Salicylic Acid

Journal of Horticultural Research ◽

10.2478/johr-2014-0030 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 131-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammed Wasfy Mohammed Elwan ◽

Rewaa Salah Ahmed El-Shatoury

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Potassium Accumulation ◽

Sodium Accumulation ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Summer Squash ◽

Negative Effect

AbstractThe experiment was performed to assess the possibility of overcoming NaCl salinity stress by foliar sprays of summer squash ‘Eskandrani’ with salicylic acid (SA) at the concentration of 10-6 M. NaCl treatment caused reduction of shoot fresh weight, leaf number per plant, fruit yield, concentrations of potassium in aerial parts, and the concentration of chlorophyll in leaves. Plants grown under salt stress conditions had higher shoot sodium concentrations than plants untreated with NaCl. Foliar application of SA ameliorated partly the negative effect of NaCl treatment. The beneficial effect of SA was also observed in non-stressed plants, increasing the shoot potassium accumulation and leaf photosynthetic pigments status, and decreasing sodium accumulation in shoots.

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Competitive attributes ofA. sativa, T. aestivum, andH. vulgareare conserved in no-till cropping systems

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500091384 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 712-719 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anne Légère ◽

Yuguang Bai

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Area Index ◽

No Till ◽

Lower Test

The robustness of competitive attributes of cereals such as rapid and uniform seedling emergence, tillering, early biomass accumulation and canopy closure, and height advantage over weeds have not yet been tested under environmental conditions typical of no-till (NT) cropping systems. Our objective was to evaluate the effects or NT practices on growth and productivity ofAvena sativa, Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, and associated weeds. The experiment was conducted on a Kamouraska clay at La Pocatière, QC, in 1994, 1995, and 1996.Avena sativa, T. aestivum, andH. vulgarewere grown under tilled and NT practices. Cereal growth parameters were measured six (1994) or seven (1995) times between planting and the 11th week after planting but only once in 1996. Grain yields and yield components were determined at crop maturity.Avena sativaandH. vulgarepopulations were little affected by tillage, whereasT. aestivumpopulations were reduced by 16 to 20% in NT systems. Growth in height in NT systems was either similar or greater than in tilled systems in all three cereals. Cereal leaf area index (LAI) and biomass accumulation was also comparable between tillage systems, except forT. aestivumLAI in 1994, which was greater in tilled plots on two sampling dates. Response of annual dicots to tillage was inconsistent in all crops. Annual monocots dominated in some but not all NT systems. Perennial dicots dominated in NT systems, whereas perennial monocots were more abundant in tilled systems in all three cereals.Avena sativaandT. aestivumyields in NT plots were comparable or greater than in tilled plots, in spite of having either lower test weights (A. sativa) or lower 1,000-grain weights (T. aestivum). NTT. aestivumproductivity was maintained in spite of reduced plant establishment.Hordeum vulgareyields were also similar across tillage systems, except in 1995, when yields in tilled plots were greater than in NT plots. The height advantage observed for NTH. vulgaredid not result in improved yields. All three cereals, and particularlyA. sativa, appeared well suited to NT systems, despite the pressure provided by different weed groups, compared to tilled systems. However, results suggest that NT production of cereals could benefit from improved attention to perennial dicot control and crop seedling establishment, particularly forT. aestivum.

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Characterization of putative salinity-responsive biomarkers in olive (Olea europaea L.)

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262121000174 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Monther T. Sadder ◽

Ahmad F. Ateyyeh ◽

Hodayfah Alswalmah ◽

Adel M. Zakri ◽

Abdullah A. Alsadon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Production ◽

Stress Protein ◽

Adaptor Protein ◽

Structural Features ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Soil Salinization ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Stress Levels ◽

Quality Water

Abstract Low-quality water and soil salinization are increasingly becoming limiting factors for food production, including olive – a major fruit crop in several parts of the world. Identifying putative salinity-stress tolerance in olive would be helpful in the future development of new tolerant varieties. In this study, novel salinity-responsive biomarkers (SRBs) were characterized in the species, namely, monooxygenase 1 (OeMO1), cation calcium exchanger 1 (OeCCX1), salt tolerance protein (OeSTO), proteolipid membrane potential modulator (OePMP3), universal stress protein (OeUSP2), adaptor protein complex 4 medium mu4 subunit (OeAP-4), WRKY1 transcription factor (OeWRKY1) and potassium transporter 2 (OeKT2). Unique structural features were highlighted for encoded proteins as compared with other plant homologues. The expression of olive SRBs was investigated in leaves of young plantlets of two cultivars, ‘Nabali’ (moderately tolerant) and ‘Picual’ (tolerant). At 60 mM NaCl stress level, OeMO1, OeSTO, OePMP3, OeUSP2, OeAP-4 and OeWRKY1 were up-regulated in ‘Nabali’ as compared with ‘Picual’. On the other hand, OeCCX1 and OeKT2 were up-regulated at three stress levels (30, 60 and 90 mM NaCl) in ‘Picual’ as compared to ‘Nabali’. Salinity tolerance in olive presumably engages multiple sets of responsive genes triggered by different stress levels.

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Rhizosphere-enriched microbes as a pool to design synthetic communities for reproducible beneficial outputs

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1093/femsec/fiz138 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Maria-Dimitra Tsolakidou ◽

Ioannis A Stringlis ◽

Natalia Fanega-Sleziak ◽

Stella Papageorgiou ◽

Antria Tsalakou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Tomato Growth ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Abstract Composts represent a sustainable way to suppress diseases and improve plant growth. Identification of compost-derived microbial communities enriched in the rhizosphere of plants and characterization of their traits, could facilitate the design of microbial synthetic communities (SynComs) that upon soil inoculation could yield consistent beneficial effects towards plants. Here, we characterized a collection of compost-derived bacteria, previously isolated from tomato rhizosphere, for in vitro antifungal activity against soil-borne fungal pathogens and for their potential to change growth parameters in Arabidopsis. We further assessed root-competitive traits in the dominant rhizospheric genus Bacillus. Certain isolated rhizobacteria displayed antifungal activity against the tested pathogens and affected growth of Arabidopsis, and Bacilli members possessed several enzymatic activities. Subsequently, we designed two SynComs with different composition and tested their effect on Arabidopsis and tomato growth and health. SynCom1, consisting of different bacterial genera, displayed negative effect on Arabidopsis in vitro, but promoted tomato growth in pots. SynCom2, consisting of Bacilli, didn't affect Arabidopsis growth, enhanced tomato growth and suppressed Fusarium wilt symptoms. Overall, we found selection of compost-derived microbes with beneficial properties in the rhizosphere of tomato plants, and observed that application of SynComs on poor substrates can yield reproducible plant phenotypes.

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Malpractice in paediatric minimally invasive surgery – a current concept: Results of an international survey

Medicine Science and the Law ◽

10.1177/0025802417735773 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 197-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ciro Esposito ◽

Maria Escolino ◽

Marcela Bailez ◽

Steve Rothenberg ◽

Mark Davenport ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽

Minimally Invasive ◽

Invasive Surgery ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

Minimal Impact ◽

Monetary Compensation ◽

Malpractice Claims ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Legal Consequences ◽

A Current

This study aimed to assess malpractice in paediatric minimally invasive surgery (MIS), and attitudes, prevention strategies and mechanisms to support surgeons while they are under investigation. An observational, multicentric, questionnaire-based study was conducted. The survey questionnaire was sent via mail, and it comprised four sections. Twenty-four paediatric surgeons (average age 54.6 years), from 13 different countries, participated in this study. The majority had >15 years of experience in MIS. Three (12.5%) surgeons reported a total of five malpractice claims regarding their MIS activity. The reasons for the claims were a postoperative complication in 3/5 (60%) cases, a delayed/failed diagnosis in 1/5 (20%) cases and the death of the patient in 1/5 (20%) cases. The claims concluded with the absolution of the surgeon in all cases, and monetary compensation to the claimant in two (40%) cases. Eleven (45.8%) surgeons were invited as expert counsels in medico-legal actions. Medico-legal aspects have a minimal impact on the MIS activity of paediatric surgeons. In this series, claims concluded with the absolution of the surgeon in all cases, but they had a negative effect on the surgeon’s reputation and finances. A key element in supporting surgeons while they are under investigation is always to choose a surgeon who is an expert in paediatric MIS as legal counsel. A constant update on innovations in paediatric MIS and appropriate professional liability insurance may also play a key role in reducing medico-legal consequences.

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Influence of Different Filling, Cooling, and Storage Conditions on the Growth of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris CRA7152 in Orange Juice

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01400-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 75 (23) ◽

pp. 7409-7416 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Ana Cláudia N. F. Spinelli ◽

Anderson S. Sant'Ana ◽

Salatir Rodrigues-Junior ◽

Pilar R. Massaguer

Keyword(s):

Orange Juice ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Inoculum Level ◽

Alicyclobacillus Acidoterrestris ◽

Time Required ◽

Cold Point ◽

And Storage ◽

A Current

ABSTRACT The prevention of spoilage by Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is a current challenge for fruit juice and beverage industries worldwide due to the bacterium's acidothermophilic growth capability, heat resistance, and spoilage potential. This study examined the effect of storage temperature on A. acidoterrestris growth in hot-filled orange juice. The evolution of the A. acidoterrestris population was monitored under six different storage conditions after pasteurization (at 92°C for 10 s), maintenance at 85°C for 150 s, and cooling with water spray to 35°C in about 30 min and using two inoculum levels: <101 and 101 spores/ml. Final cooling and storage conditions were as follows: treatment 1, 30°C for the bottle cold point and storage at 35°C; treatment 2, 30°C for 48 h and storage at 35°C; treatment 3, 25°C for the bottle cold point and storage at 35°C; treatment 4, 25°C for 48 h and storage at 35°C; treatment 5, storage at 20°C (control); and treatment 6, filling and storage at 25°C. It was found that only in treatment 5 did the population remain inhibited during the 6 months of orange juice shelf life. By examining treatments 1 to 4, it was observed that A. acidoterrestris predicted growth parameters were significantly influenced (P < 0.05) either by inoculum level or cooling and storage conditions. The time required to reach a 104 CFU/ml population of A. acidoterrestris was considered to be an adequate parameter to indicate orange juice spoilage by A. acidoterrestris. Therefore, hot-filled orange juice should be stored at or below 20°C to avoid spoilage by this microorganism. This procedure can be considered a safe and inexpensive alternative to other treatments proposed earlier.

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The Effect of Salicylic Acid on the Performances of Salt Stressed Strawberry Plants, Enzymes Activity, and Salt Tolerance Index

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040775 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 775

Author(s):

Alaa El-Den Roshdy ◽

Abdullah Alebidi ◽

Khalid Almutairi ◽

Rashid Al-Obeed ◽

Ahmed Elsabagh

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Mean Values ◽

Enzymes Activity ◽

Salinity Response ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Positive Treatment ◽

Salt Tolerance Index

The influence of salicylic acid (SA) on growth, yield, fruits’ quality and enzymes’ activities was monitored in strawberry plants cv. Camarosa grown under salinity stress via two pot experiments in two successive years of 2018 and 2019. The examined concentrations of SA were 30, 60, and 90 ppm, which foliary applied in addition to control (sprayed with water), while the used levels of salinity were 20, and 40 mM as NaCl as irrigation application in addition to control (without salinity). The results showed a significant effect of salinity at 40 mM where the mean values of shoot fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll, leaves’ NPK, yield plant−1, yield ha−1, and fruits’ ascorbic acid were significantly decreased. However, the 40 mM salinity resulted in a significant increase in leaves’ content of Na and proline as well as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes’ activity and the fruits’ TSS and acidity. The application with 90 ppm SA was found to be the most significant positive treatment for all of the studied characters except the Na leaves’ content. Regarding tolerance index percentages (STI%), the high values of CAT, POD, and proline referred to the ability to use them as indicators for strawberry salinity response in other physiological and plant breeding studies. The findings of this study suggest that the 90 ppm SA foliar application can ameliorate the negative effect of salinity on the growth of strawberry cv. Camarosa.

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Impact of Melatonin on Growth and Antioxidant Activity of Cicer arietinum L. Grown under Arsenic Stress

Journal of Ravishankar University (Part-B) ◽

10.52228/jrub.2021-34-1-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 69-79

Author(s):

Deepali Nagre ◽

Roseline Xalxo ◽

Vibhuti Chandrakar ◽

S. Keshavkant

Keyword(s):

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Melatonin Treatment ◽

Radicle Growth ◽

Biochemical Processes ◽

Cicer Arietinum L ◽

Arsenic Stress ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

The ability of melatonin to regulate number of physiological and biochemical processes under different environmental stresses has been widely studied in plants. So, this investigation was done to study the protective roles of melatonin on Cicer arietinum L. grown under arsenic stress. Subjecting Cicer arietinum L. seeds to arsenic stress caused significant decreases in germination percentage, radicle growth, biomass accumulation, protein content and activities of antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, melatonin treatment significantly increased growth parameters and protein quantity via improving antioxidant enzyme systems as compared with their corresponding untreated controls.

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