scholarly journals HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF PHALLOPLASTY

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
P. S. Kyzlasov ◽  
M. M. Sokol'shchik ◽  
A. A. Kazhera ◽  
M. V. Zabelin
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Congenital Deformities ◽  
No Gold Standard ◽  
Forming Methods

Reconstruction of the penis in transgender operations, amputation of the penis, congenital deformities and anomalies of the penis was and remains today an important issue in plastic surgery of the urogenital region. The only method to restore the penis is phalloplasty. In general, over the past decades, generations of clinicians have different ways and flaps for total fallouretheral reconstruction. Thus was formulated the characteristics of an ideal flap for the formation of neophallos, which should be safe, sensitive, without hair, and with long leg. However, despite the fact that the characteristics of a perfect flap, nowadays there is no “gold standard” in the formation of neophallos, as phalloplasty is a fairly complicated surgery, and the choice of method depends on many factors. The choice of methodology is determined by the plastics surgeon and to each patient is individual, depends on the etiology of the disease and the possibility of choosing the form of the donor’s transplant. This article presents a literature review devoted to the historical aspects of phalloplasty. In the article, in chronological order reflected the evolution of the different forming methods neofallos, phallourethrоplasty, describes their advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Modern Views on the Treatment of Patients with Injuries of the Medial and Lateral Menisci of the Knee Joint (Literature Review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
O.V. Dolgopolov ◽  
D.V. Siforov
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Partial Meniscectomy ◽  
White Zone ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Stitching Techniques

Summary. We have analyzed the literature to determine the tactics of the knee menisci injury surgical treatment. It has been determined that the use of cellular technologies for suturing a damaged meniscus allows satisfactory results even in patients with ruptures in the avascular zones, despite the fact that partial meniscectomy is considered the "gold standard" of surgical treatment for ruptures in the “white” zone. It should be considered the advantages and disadvantages of different stitching techniques and the specific clinical and physical characteristics of each patient.

scholarly journals Arthroscopic Resection of Wrist Scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) Joint Ganglia

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 (05) ◽  
pp. 440-445
Author(s):  
Ho Lam Chai ◽  
Cabello Álvaro Pérez ◽  
Wai Ping Fiona Yu ◽  
Pak Cheong Ho
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Portal Site ◽  
The Past

Abstract Background Volar wrist ganglion is the second most common wrist mass and accounts for 20% of all cases. Surgery is the gold standard for persistent and symptomatic ganglia. Arthroscopic resection has gained popularity in the past two decades. Application of this technique to ganglia in less accessible locations, such as the scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) joint, however, remains controversial. Case Description To date, no literature has described using the STT -ulnar (STT-u) and STT -radial (STT-r) joint portals for ganglionic resection. Literature Review In this report, two cases of arthroscopic ganglionic resection utilizing the STT-u and STT-r joint portals at our institution were described. Clinical Relevance Arthroscopic resection of STT joint ganglion under portal site local anesthesia is a technically feasible, safe, and effective approach. There was no recurrence observed for both cases at 50 months of follow-up.

scholarly journals Inflammatory bowel disease and the lung in paediatric patients

Breathe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 200269
Author(s):  
Anja Jochmann ◽  
Daniel Trachsel ◽  
Jürg Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
Oral Corticosteroids ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
No Gold Standard

The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased over the past 20 years. Pulmonary involvement in paediatric IBD is rare but may be missed since the spectrum of symptoms is broad and mimics other diseases. The most important differential diagnoses of pulmonary manifestations of IBD are infections and therapy-related side-effects. There is no gold standard to diagnose respiratory manifestations in children with IBD. Diagnostic tests should be chosen according to history and clinical presentation. Treatment of respiratory manifestations of IBD includes inhaled or oral corticosteroids and initiation or step-up of immunomodulatory IBD therapies.

scholarly journals Universitet og region – en sammensatt relasjon

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-130
Author(s):  
Peter Arbo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University

Over the past 50 years, there has been a large-scale expansion and decentralization of higher education in Norway. Today, there are universities throughout the country, and the institutions are expected to serve as drivers for regional development. This chapter explores the many-faceted and symbiotic relationship between university and region. The chapter is based on a comprehensive literature review and the author’s own empirical research. First, it examines the advantages and disadvantages that a region may have from a university. Next, the lens is turned and the question is: What difference can the region make to the university? Six major transformations outside and within the universities currently changing the ways in which universities and regions interact are then discussed. As a result of these changes, universities are facing increasingly complex demands and expectations, and the final part of the paper elucidates some of the dilemmas that this creates for the governance of the institutions.

A literature review on firms' internationalisation through e-commerce

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Federica De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

The rise of e-commerce has brought considerable changes to the relationship between firms and consumers, especially within international business. Hence, understanding the use of such means for entering foreign markets has become critical for companies. However, the research on this issue is new and so it is important to evaluate what has been studied in the past. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of e-commerce and internationalisation studies to explicate how firms use e-commerce to enter new markets and to export. The studies are classified by theories and methods used in the literature. Moreover, we draw upon the internationalisation decision process (antecedents-modalities-consequences) to propose an integrative framework for understanding the role of e-commerce in internationalisation

Sending out Biased Signals: an Appropriate Proposition for Pain?

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Besserer-Offroy ◽  
P. Sarret
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Mu Opioid Receptor ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Mu Opioid ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The Past

In the past few years, several biased ligands acting at the mu-opioid receptor were reported in the literature. These agonists are aimed at reducing pain while having fewer side effects than morphine, the gold standard of opioid analgesics. In this mini-review, we describe and discuss the recent advances in mu-biased ligands actually in preclinical and clinical development stages, including the latest U.S. Food and Drug Administration review of oliceridine, a biased mu-agonist for moderate to severe acute pain treatment developed by the company Trevena.

scholarly journals Swarm Robotic Interactions in an Open and Cluttered Environment: A Survey

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Maxime Vaidis ◽  
Martin J.-D. Otis
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Cluttered Environment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Population Migrations ◽  
New Research ◽  
Interaction Strategy ◽  
Crowded Environment

Recent population migrations have led to numerous accidents and deaths. Little research has been done to help migrants in their journey. For this reason, a literature review of the latest research conducted in previous years is required to identify new research trends in human-swarm interaction. This article presents a review of techniques that can be used in a robots swarm to find, locate, protect and help migrants in hazardous environment such as militarized zone. The paper presents a swarm interaction taxonomy including a detailed study on the control of swarm with and without interaction. As the interaction mainly occurs in cluttered or crowded environment (with obstacles) the paper discussed the algorithms related to navigation that can be included with an interaction strategy. It focused on comparing algorithms and their advantages and disadvantages.

On the robustness of latent class models for diagnostic testing with no gold standard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Schofield ◽  
Michael J. Maze ◽  
John A. Crump ◽  
Matthew P. Rubach ◽  
Renee Galloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
No Gold Standard ◽  
Class Models

scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Review of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods for Sustainable Selection of Insulation Materials in Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Indre Siksnelyte-Butkiene ◽  
Dalia Streimikiene ◽  
Tomas Balezentis ◽  
Virgilijus Skulskis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Selection Of

The European Commission has recently adopted the Renovation Wave Strategy, aiming at the improvement of the energy performance of buildings. The strategy aims to at least double renovation rates in the next ten years and make sure that renovations lead to higher energy and resource efficiency. The choice of appropriate thermal insulation materials is one of the simplest and, at the same time, the most popular strategies that effectively reduce the energy demand of buildings. Today, the spectrum of insulation materials is quite wide, and each material has its own specific characteristics. It is recognized that the selection of materials is one of the most challenging and difficult steps of a building project. This paper aims to give an in-depth view of existing multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) applications for the selection of insulation materials and to provide major insights in order to simplify the process of methods and criteria selection for future research. A systematic literature review is performed based on the Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis (SALSA) framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. In order to determine which MCDM method is the most appropriate for different questions, the main advantages and disadvantages of different methods are provided.

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