scholarly journals Using Toll Data to Improve the Quality of Road Freight Transport Statistics (RFTS) on Austrian Roads

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 18-34
Author(s):  
Stefan Fleck ◽  
Thomas Karner ◽  
Sabine Schuster ◽  
Brigitte Weninger
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Member States ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Reliable Interpretation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Transport Volume

The European road freight transport statistics (RFTS) result from surveys, which are conducted by several states on the basis of EU-legislation. As there is no strict methodology for the implementation of these surveys, they are slightly different regarding the individual states. This article analyses the additional use of toll data to improve the European RFTS and to impute transport volume and performance of third states affecting the Austrian territory. First, it was attempted to derive journeys as defined in the RFTS from the toll data and assign them to their type of transport. These analyses were very elaborate but showed no satisfying results. The number of journeys from the RFTS data and toll data were too different to allow a reliable interpretation. Hence, this approach was rejected. A comparison of vehicle-kilometres on the higher road network between the two data sources proved to be more successful, as the differences were in an explainable and acceptable scope. Two thirds of them could be derived from methodological reasons regarding the survey in the respective member states and due to missing third states. On the basis of the vehicle-kilometres from the toll data a correction factor for the RFTS results of the individual member states and a procedure for the imputation of third states were developed and applied to publish weighted results.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Domestic Transport Performance from the Consolidated European Road Freight Transport Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Thomas Karner ◽  
Sylvia Scharl ◽  
Brigitte Weninger
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Member States ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
Total Transport ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Transport Volume ◽  
Freight Vehicles

Transport statistics provide information about transport volume and performance on defined territories (e.g. for the European Union as a whole or for the individual member states) and are therefore necessary for political, economic and ecological decisions. Complying with the current European legal basis[1] the surveys for the modes of transport rail, aviation and inland waterways are performed according to the territoriality principle and hence the data on total transport volume is collected in each member state. Alone the road freight transport survey is based on the nationality principle, which means that only freight vehicles registered in the respective member state take part in the national surveys. Thus the single member states have no information about the total transport volume and performance on their own territory derived from road freight vehicles registered in other member states. In contrast the member states have information about the transport volume and performance provided by their freight vehicles in the other European countries. This situation implies a significant limitation of the usability of the results of the national road freight surveys as well as the usefulness of the modal split of the single modes of transport based solely on the national surveys.[1] Regulation (EC) No 91/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on rail statistics, OJ No L14, 21.2.2003 p 1 - 15; Regulation (EC) No 437/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 February 2003 on statistical returns in respect of the carriage of passengers, freight and mail by air; OJ No L 66, 11.3.2003 p 1 – 8; Regulation (EC) No 1365/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 September 2006 on statistics of goods transport by inland waterways and repealing Council Directive 80/1119/EEC, OJ L No 264; 25.9.2006 p 1 – 11; Regulation (EU) No 70/2012 of the European Parliament and the Council of 18 January 2012 on statistical returns in respect of the carriage of goods by road (recast), OJ No L 32, 3.2.2012 p 1-18

scholarly journals Improving road freight transport statistics by using a distance matrix

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Thomas Karner ◽  
Brigitte Weninger ◽  
Sabine Schuster ◽  
Stefan Fleck ◽  
Ingrid Kaminger
Keyword(s):  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Postal Code ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
Postal Code Area ◽  
Data Statistics ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Transport Volume

Distances driven by road freight vehicles are an essential parameter for the calculation of transport volume. In the Austrian road freight survey, places of loading and unloading are recorded on a postal code basis. To derive the actual distances driven from this data, Statistics Austria uses a distance matrix that was first created in the 1980s. While the first version of this matrix was based on manual measurements, it has recently been recreated and updated using modern routing software. This article describes the methodology on which the current Austrian distance matrix is based. The main points discussed are: how to determine representative centroids for postal code areas; how to deal with journeys within one postal code area; and how to calculate the actual distances using routing software. The last part of the article compares the distance matrix to odometer readings from the Austrian road freight survey of the reference year 2015. This comparison showed a high positive correlation which indicates the good quality of the developed distance matrix and emphasises its usefulness in road freight transport statistics.

scholarly journals Harmonization of Market Conditions in Provision of Road Freight Transport

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Miloš Poliak ◽  
Patrícia Šimurková ◽  
Marek Jaśkiewicz ◽  
Dariusz Więckowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Road Freight

Abstract International road transport is a specific service within the frame of services provided in the European Union. It is because the conditions of being active on the market are influenced by the states where businessmen operate, but services can be provided throughout the whole year in other member states of the European Union. The aim of the contribution is to highlight the existing problems in international road freight transport sector. These problems persist despite the fact that market access was exempted from the national law of individual member states and regulated directly by EU regulations. Despite the unification of market access, tax and social harmonization is not ensured in international road freight transport. An unequal tax burden on carriers and different requirements of wage regulations create a discriminatory environment among entrepreneurs. The contribution identifies the factors that deform the equal operating conditions in single market. The aim of the contribution is also to provide the readers with the answers to the questions: Is it possible under current EU conditions to harmonize tax and social conditions? What impact would this harmonization have on business environment?

scholarly journals Uniform Market Conditions in Road Freight Transport

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Patrícia Šimurková ◽  
Miloš Poliak ◽  
Salvador Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Road Freight

AbstractInternational road transport is a specific service within the frame of services provided in the European Union. It is because the conditions of being active on the market are influenced by the states where businessmen operate, but services can be provided throughout the whole year in other member states of the European Union. The aim of the contribution is to highlight the existing problems in international road freight transport sector. These problems persist despite the fact that market access was exempted from the national law of individual member states and regulated directly by EU regulations. The contribution identifies the factors that deform the equal operating conditions in single market.

Critical Analysis of the Zero Risk Weight Privilege for European Sovereign Debt in Light of Art. 124 TFEU

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Credit Institutions

AbstractThe zero risk weight privilege for European sovereign debt in the current capital adequacy requirements for credit institutions incentivises credit institutions to acquire and hold sovereign debt. However, it also poses a significant risk to the stability of the banking system and thus the financial system as a whole. It is argued that this privilege should not only be abolished due to the risk it entails but that it is also non conformant with EU primary law. Art. 124 TFEU prohibits privileged access of the EU and Member States' public sector to financial institutions except for prudential considerations. The protective purpose of Art. 124 TFEU to ensure sound budgetary policies by subjecting public borrowing to the same rules as borrowing by other market participants is thwarted by the uniform zero risk weight privilege. Further, as this privilege does not take into account the varying creditworthiness of the individual Member States it does not promote the soundness of financial institutions so as to strengthen the soundness of the financial system as whole, but rather endangers systemic stability. The zero risk weight privilege is therefore not based on prudential considerations and hence violates Art. 124 TFEU.

scholarly journals Sailing the seven seas

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-216
Author(s):  
Gijsbert Vonk
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Member States ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The Social ◽  
Security Relations ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this final contribution is to offer a broad schematic overview of ‘mechanisms’ that can be used to strengthen the social security protection of persons moving in and out of the EU. Seven mechanisms have been selected for discussion: national unilateral standards, EU unilateral standards, bilateral agreements, EU coordination of bilateral agreements, EU third country agreements, multilateral co-operation and global standards. The existence of this plethora of mechanisms, each with its own merits and shortcomings, casts a shadow over the possibility of a uniform EU regime for external social security relations. Any attempt to introduce such an approach can immediately be contradicted by alternative approaches and mechanisms which can be used both by the EU and by the individual Member States. It is suggested that more coherence in external EU social security coordination can perhaps be found in a conceptual way, by layering the seven mechanisms in a logical manner.

scholarly journals Rail and road freight transport network efficiency of Canada, member states of the EU, and the USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Bart Wiegmans ◽  
Alex Champagne-Gelinas ◽  
Samuël Duchesne ◽  
Brian Slack ◽  
Patrick Witte
Keyword(s):  
Freight Transport ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
Member States ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals The relationship between the organizational climate and the work satisfaction of educational employees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Verdeş ◽  
◽  
Nicoleta Luchian-Ursachi ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The research aimed to study the correlation between the organizational climate and the job satisfaction of teachers. The link between climate and satisfaction is vital for success in teaching. The organizational climate is considered to be a relatively persistent set of perceptions of an organization's members about its internal environment and that influence their behavior. Job satisfaction is a positive emotional state that results from the employee's personal opinion of his work or work climate, a state of balance that the individual reaches when he responds to conscious or unconscious expectations and certain needs. The research results showed that teachers in the group of teachers-educators show high scores in terms of organizational climate in general and performance in particular. Teachers-educators are more performance-oriented, evaluated according to the achievement of objectives, cost reduction compared to other teachers. Psycho-pedagogical teachers are more satisfied with the quality of relations between employees, with reference to professional communication and collaboration, remuneration and promotion and have a higher degree of overall satisfaction. The organizational climate correlates with job satisfaction, so that the more favorable the organizational climate in the educational environment, the more satisfied the teachers will be.

Analysis of the Dutch Crisis Response System in the Context of the Common European Union Resilience

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Chris van Duuren ◽  
Tomasz Zwęgliński
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
System Development ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Eu

The increasing integrity of the European Union member states is more and more regarding the security and civil protection aspects. On the other hand the priority in responsibility for the safety and security is still in the domain of the sovereign states. It means that the individual states of the EU are responsible for designing and managing their own security and civil protection systems. However, the integration processes within the EU trigger a significant need for an increase of common understanding of the individual member states’ philosophies, approaches and systems utilized in the domain of security and civil protection. Only then if we understand how the others work, we are able to assist them in a crisis or disaster. Therefore, it is highly important to share and understand each other’s systems between member states. The article presents the Dutch approach to national risk assessment as well as organizational aspects of internal security system applied in the Netherlands. It also suggest the future challenges which are at the near horizon of the system development.

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