scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Operation and Development of Health Systems of Ukraine and Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
N. Grazhevska ◽  
Y. Aimagambetov ◽  
A. Tyngisheva
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Industry Analysis ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Economic Transformations

Currently, Ukraine and Kazakhstan are implementing health care reform, based on the introduction of new approaches to public administration in order to improve the accessibility and quality of providing medical services to the population. Studying the experience of such reform is an urgent task of the theory and practice of post-Soviet socio-economic transformations. A comparative analysis of medical reforms in the countries studied allows us to identify existing problems and propose solutions to them, taking into account their foreign experience in implementing them with a view to justifying and developing an effective mechanism for managing the industry. Analysis of the practice of public administration of the health care system in Kazakhstan and Ukraine concludes with a logical generalization and justification of priority measures of the state in this field. The limitation in the proposed study is the incompleteness of statistical bases, as well as the lack of generally accepted approaches and methods for assessing the health system.

ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF THE ECONOMIST IN PUBLIC HEALTH

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 313-316
Author(s):  
И.Г. Турсумбай ◽  
Л.К. Кошербаева
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Health Economics ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Care Workers

Одним из последствий осуществления медицинской деятельности в разнообразных хозяйственных формах является изменение экономического положения работников здравоохранения. От количества и качества их труда зависит экономический результат деятельности лечебно-профилактических учреждений (ЛПУ) в целом. В статье приводится сравнительный анализ занимающихся подготовкой экономистов в области здравоохранения по различным критериям. Подчеркивается необходимость непрерывного совершенствования подготовки управленческих кадров в области экономики здравоохранения в современных условиях развития общества. One of the consequences of the implementation of medical activities in various economic forms is a change in the economic situation of health care workers. The number and quality of their work depends on the economic result of the activities of medical and preventive institutions (LPU) as a whole. The article presents a comparative analysis of the health economists who are engaged in training according to various criteria. The necessity of continuous improvement of training of managerial personnel in the field of health economics in the modern conditions of society development is emphasized.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis methods of assessment of commodity structure of spruce stands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.В. Никифорчин ◽  
М.О. Гурьянов ◽  
Д.А. Шулыгина
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Product Structure ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Actual Output ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Systematic And Random Errors ◽  
Accuracy Of Results

В последние годы снизилось качество работ по отводу и таксации лесосек. Существующие и применяемые в таксации методы не обеспечивают необходимую точность конечных результатов, поскольку их использование часто не соответствует требованиям «Наставления по отводу и таксации лесосек». Таким образом, актуальной задачей становится изучение ошибок в определении товарной структуры древостоев и выявление возможных причин их возникновения с целью дальнейшего совершенствования лесотаксационных работ. На основании материалов таксации постоянных пробных площадей ели европейской была выполнена материально-денежная оценка древостоев по сортиментным и товарным таблицам, произведен расчет грубых, систематических и случайных ошибок выхода крупной, средней, мелкой деловой древесины, дров, ликвидной древесины и отходов. Для оценки влияния различных факторов на появление и величину ошибок были выполнены корреляционный и однофакторный дисперсионный анализы. Проведенный анализ позволил установить, что основными показателями, оказывающими влияние на расхождения в выходе сортиментов различных категорий древесины, при использовании товарных и сортиментных таблиц, являются средние высоты древостоев, а также разряды высот. Это связано с малым числом значений высот, представленных для каждой из ступеней толщины в товарных таблицах. Сортиментные таблицы, в силу большей вариабельности данного таксационного показателя, позволяют более точно определять товарную структуру древостоев. Выявленные закономерности демонстрируют необходимость совершенствования сортиментных и товарных таблиц для уменьшения расхождения получаемых результатов с фактическим выходом сортиментов, что позволит повысить качество лесотаксационных работ. In recent years, the quality of work on the allocation and taxation of cutting areas has decreased. Existing methods used in the taxation do not provide the required accuracy of results since their application often does not meet the criteria of the “Manual on the allocation and taxation of cutting areas”. Thus, the study of errors in determining the product structure of forest stands as well as identifying possible causes for their occurrence in order to improve forest taxation works becomes an urgent task. Based on the taxation materials of the permanent European spruce plots, material and monetary assessment of the stands was made using assortment and commodity tables, and gross, systematic, and random errors of the output of large, medium, small commercial timber, firewood, liquid wood, and waste were calculated. Сorrelation analysis and one-way analysis of variance were performed to assess the influence of various factors on the appearance and magnitude of the errors. The analysis made it possible to establish that the main indicators that influence the discrepancies in the output of assortments of different categories of wood, when using commodity and assortment tables, are the average heights of stands, as well as height categories. This is due to the small number of height values presented for each of the thickness steps in the product tables. Assortment tables, due to the greater variability of this taxation indicator, allow you to more accurately determine the product structure of stands. The revealed patterns demonstrate the high need to improve assortment and commodity tables in order to reduce the discrepancy between obtained results and the actual output of assortments, which will improve the quality of forest taxation work.

scholarly journals Approach and models for using distributed ledger technology to authenticate educational documents

Doklady BGUIR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
D. A. Kachan ◽  
U. A. Vishniakou
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Digital Documents ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Block Chain ◽  
Structural Solutions

The purpose of this article is to analyze methods, approaches, and tools of distributed ledger technology (DLT) for working with documents in education. The objectives of the article are to analyze problems with the authentication of educational documents, develop new structural solutions using block chain technology, consider two models, and evaluate their use for educational documents.Authentication of educational documents is carried out using state registers, which is a complex and resource-intensive process. There is an increase in the number of forged documents in the world, which calls into question the effectiveness of modern mechanisms. Distributed ledger technology (block chain) is a sustainable technological trend that affects the development and quality of the digital economy. The existence of a mechanism for verifying the authenticity of educational documents that is resistant to malicious manipulation is an urgent task that goes beyond the sphere of education, possible solutions to which are proposed to be considered in this paper.The article provides a brief description of DLT and considers the approach of using the technology to authenticate educational documents. It consists of two main stages: the issue of a digital educational document and its verification. The role of a trusted third party in the issue and validation process is considered. The paper presents the models for issuing and validating digital documents based on distributed ledger technology, which allows one to eliminate the limitations and shortcomings of existing approaches. The effectiveness of the approach based on the proposed models is revealed. The formulated approaches can be applied in various socio-economic areas and public administration to work with similar documents.

scholarly journals Assessment of multiculturalism in nursing based on a survey’s experience

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (43) ◽  
pp. 1711-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Pop ◽  
Sándor Hollós ◽  
Judit Mészáros
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quality Of Health Care ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Intercultural Skills ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Very High

Introduction: The internationalization of societies and the processes of globalization raise new challenges towards health provision systems, including professional, ethical, social, cultural and communicational references of nursing and nursing education. Aims: In this study the authors wanted to answer the following question: To what extent are health care professionals aware of and able to respond to the new challenges? Methods: As an investigation method, the authors used a questionnaire and made a comparative analysis of answers related to the knowledge, skills and attitude of BSc nurses and other health professionals who possess a secondary qualification. The questionnaire was compiled based on the internationally accepted and validated Transcultural Self Efficacy Test. With the permission of the authors of the test, some questions were adapted to the national conditions. The responses were evaluated by statistical methods. Results: There were better results in the components of skills and attitude of BSc nurses but there was a very high number of professionals in both groups who either failed to have or could not meet the requirements and phenomena related to intercultural skills. Conclusions: The survey performed among nurses proved that there is a real demand for intercultural skills and knowledge related to expectations of the society. In order to improve the quality of health care, the development of these skills is necessary. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1711–1718.

Evolution of the management of depression in Spain from the psychiatrist’s perspective. A comparative analysis: 1997 vs 1982

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. López-Ibor ◽  
C. Alamo ◽  
F. López-Muñoz ◽  
E. Cuenca ◽  
G. Rubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Treatment Of Depression

summaryThe main problem of depression is not only the high prevalence of the disorder but also its serious consequences on the patient’s quality of life and the associated social costs in terms of health care resource utilization and productivity losses. In recent years, there has been a considerable improvement in the knowledge of depression from the pathogenic, clinical and therapeutic perspectives. The present study analyzes whether such advances are reflected in a positive evolution of the treatment of depression in Spain. To this effect we have contrasted the results of two socio-sanitary studies published in this country: the White Book editions of 1982 and 1997 (WB82 and WB97, respectively). From the methodological perspective, the physician selection criteria employed were very uniform (structured questionnaires delivered to 128 (WB82) and 300 (WB97) randomly selected psychiatrists). The origin of patients consulting for specialized care has varied over this 15-year period. In effect, WB82 patients were essentially referred by friends (87.5%) and from the primary care setting (44.5%), whereas in the WB97 study referral from primary care predominated (50.1%), followed by the patient’s personal decision (24.8%). In turn, 40.7% and 51.7% of the psychiatrists in WB97 respectively considered the diagnostic and therapeutic means available in primary care to be insufficient. The priorities for improving patient quality of life, as reflected by both editions of the study, were the training of primary care physicians and the adequate provision of means in the mental health care centers. On the other hand, fewer problems for establishing a correct diagnosis were referred in the 1997 edition of the study (28.7%) than in 1982 (48.4%). In this sense, the main problem reported in WB82 was the lack of specialized training, whereas the masking of depression by some other disease process or symptoms was the main problem in WB97 (67.6% vs 21.1% according to WB82). The main symptoms upon which the diagnosis of depression are based do not seem to have evolved much in the past 15 years. The most frequently cited manifestations were a worsening of mood, loss of interest and leisure capacity, sleep alterations and diminished vitality. A comparative analysis of the therapeutic resources used was not possible, for prior to 1982 the only drugs available to physicians were the classical tricyclic agents and some MAO inhibitors; the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) – possibly the greatest advance in the treatment of depression in these 15 years – had not yet been introduced. Nevertheless, it should be pointed out that 98% of the psychiatrists consulted in WB97 considered pharmacologic treatment to be the most widely adopted form of management once depression has been diagnosed.

scholarly journals Processes of reforming the educational policy of Ukraine and the countries of the European Union: a comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Victor Bondarenko ◽  
Alla Semenova ◽  
Tamara Vysotska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Out Of School

A comparative comprehensive analysis of the socio-pedagogical problem field of modernization of the educational system of Ukraine and the EU in the context of administrative reform and taking into account economic needs and the establishment of universal democratic values has been conducted. A comparative pedagogical study of the theoretical, organizational, methodological and regulatory principles of reforming the educational system of Ukraine, which is currently acquiring national features and integrated into the world educational space, has been carried out.  Conceptual principles of reforming the educational system of Ukraine as a basis for improving the quality of life of citizens from the standpoint of an innovative educational project in the context and professional psychological and pedagogical aspects of training in the field of educational policy have been theoretically substantiated. The provision is that education, like other institutions of public life, requires operational and strategic management actions, aimed at its modernization and renewal. A conceptual integral dynamic model of reforming educational policy in Ukraine with substantiation of methodological approaches and theoretical positions has been developed on the basis of comparative pedagogical research. A necessity of expansion and qualitative improvement of the network of preschool educational institutions has been proved. There are trends that Ukrainian secondary education will eventually become on a par with the world standards of secondary school. A need to create and coordinate a strong system of out-of-school education in Ukraine has been justified, as the mass unemployment of children and youth in out-of-school time entails huge negative consequences. Peculiarities of reforming the system of training of working professions and vocational education in Ukraine have been specified. A strategic issue is the state policy on teacher training.  Ukrainian origins of the phenomenon of pedagogical skill as a fundamental basis of the theory and practice of educational policy to improve the quality of teaching and learning in EU countries have been revealed. A necessity of development of a target program of professional and pedagogical selection and preparation of experts in the field of educational policy for Ukraine and an algorithm of estimation of its efficiency on the basis of the comparative analysis has been proved. The content of the concept of "educational policy" has been clarified, knowledge of the regulatory framework for reforming educational policy in the EU has been deepened.

scholarly journals Convergence of Social Marketing and Public Administration: Democratizing Value Creation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Leon M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Public Value ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
The Public

Abstract This article aims to explain the interface between advances in civilization and advances in communication. The article also addresses the inadequacy of public administration literature to explain why communication media is important to its theory and practice. Subsequently, the article explicates why communication media contribute to the public administrator’s ability to improve the quality of democracy. The literature on communication media and public administration provide conceptual data that indicates how communication media continuously contributed to the public administrator’s ability to manage large disparate social-economic units. Network theory and administrative communication theory indicate why communication networks improve institutional effectiveness and efficiency. The literature confirms the need for clarity on how the interface between communication media and public administration increases public value and improves the quality of democracy. Network theory is a viable strategy for increasing the public administrators’ ability to increase public value.

Assessing the quality of public administration in Russia and other large economies of the world

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
ELENA DOBROLYUBOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Citizen Satisfaction ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
Governance Quality ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

The article presents a comparative analysis of governance quality in Russia and other countries in the top ten leaders in terms of GDP level (based on purchasing power parity). Based on the synthesis of international approaches, the author suggests three critical dimensions to measuring governance quality: justified and impartial state interference, effectiveness, and efficiency. The analysis is based on the data of international organizations. The article suggests that, among other countries, Russia is not leading in any of governance quality indicators. Noteworthy, while Russia’s positions are comparable with those of other large countries in human development index, adjusted net savings, and the ease of doing business, the country is lagging behind most of the top ten world economies both in terms of citizen satisfaction with education and primary health services and in terms of the level of citizen protection from government-controlled risks. In the area of corruption, the gap is even more significant. Overall, the results of the comparative analysis suggest the need to undertake a system of measures aiming at improving justice, effectiveness, and efficiency of public administration in Russia based on developing and implementing a comprehensive governance quality enhancement strategy. This would allow transforming public administration into a factor supporting rather than constraining social and economic development and improving quality of life in Russia.

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