scholarly journals Species diversity of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in parks of Kyiv

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Radchenko ◽  
H. Honchar
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
City Parks ◽  
Tree Cavities ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Bombus Lucorum ◽  
The City

Wild bee populations – important pollinators of many plants – are threatened with extinction due to reduced food resources, destruction of nesting sites and habitat fragmentation. The aim of this study is to determine the species diversity of wild bees in the parks of Kyiv. During the 2012-2017 spring-summer seasons a comprehensive study of the species composition and diversity of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) was investigated. 115 wild bee species of 6 families and 34 genera have been found. Only 39 species among them were found in all parks and the common species are noted: Colletes cunicularius, Hylaeus communis, Andrena flavipes, Evylaeus calceatus, E. malachurus, E. politus, Anthophora plumipes, Bombus lucorum, B. terrestris, B. lapidarius, B. pascuorum. The proportions of species within each ecological group stay constant, except for the small decrease in oligolectic species. In all parks the ground-nesting bees are dominated. Bees that build nests in a different substrate (tree cavities, hollow plant stems, empties, holes, walls of buildings, and like) make up only 20 %. In general, on the territories of urban parks we have registered wild bees on the plants of more than 100 species from the families Asteraceaе, Fabaceaе, Lamiaceae, Rosaceaе. It should be noted, that ornamental flowering vegetation plays a significant role in wild bees nutrition in the city conditions. In some city parks we have found three species of wild bees that included in the Red Book of Ukraine: Bombus argillaceus, Xylocopa valga and Andrena chrysopus. The results of our study show that city parks are important for the conservation of wild bee populations, and the main conditions for this are the availability of flower sources and nesting sites.

scholarly journals High honeybee abundances reduce wild bee abundances on flowers in the city of Munich

Oecologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne S. Renner ◽  
Marie Sophie Graf ◽  
Zoe Hentschel ◽  
Helen Krause ◽  
Andreas Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Exploitative Competition ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Urban Garden ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
June July ◽  
The City ◽  
Clear Support

AbstractThe increase in managed honeybees (Apis mellifera) in many European cities has unknown effects on the densities of wild bees through competition. To investigate this, we monitored honeybees and non-honeybees from 01 April to 31 July 2019 and 2020 at 29 species of plants representing diverse taxonomic and floral-functional types in a large urban garden in the city of Munich in which the same plant species were cultivated in both years. No bee hives were present in the focal garden, and all bee hives in the adjacent area were closely monitored by interviewing the relevant bee keepers in both 2019 and 2020. Honeybee numbers were similar in April of both years, but increased from May to July 2020 compared to 2019. The higher densities correlated with a significant increase in shifts from wild bee to honeybee visits in May/June/July, while visitor spectra in April 2019 and 2020 remained the same. Most of the species that experienced a shift to honeybee visits in 2020 were visited mostly or exclusively for their nectar. There were no shifts towards increased wild bee visits in any species. These results from a flower-rich garden have implications for the discussion of whether urban bee keeping might negatively impact wild bees. We found clear support that high honeybee densities result in exploitative competition at numerous types of flowers.

scholarly journals Diversity and Community Structure of Oribatid Mites (Acari, Oribatei) at Memorial Complexes of a Megapolis

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
L. A. Kolodochka ◽  
O. S. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
City Center ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The City

Abstract In different types of substrate (soil, litter, lichens and mosses) collected at three memorial complexes (cemeteries) of Kyiv (Ukraine), 70 species from 57 genera, 34 families of oribatid mites were found. A few eurytopic species capable of tolerance to different types of pollution make up an essential part in each species complex. The species diversity and complexity of oribatid community structure at researched areas increased with distance from the city center. There was no direct relation between the degree of dominance of most common species and the cemetery’s relative remoteness from the center of the city.

scholarly journals Contribution of Plantation Forest on Wild Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Pollinators Conservation in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Imam Widhiono ◽  
Eming Sudiana ◽  
Edy Yani
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Habitat Similarity

<p class="IsiAbstrakIndo">Wild bee pollinators (Hymenoptera : Apiade) diversity and abundance were studied in three types of plantation forest on Mt. Slamet (Central Java Province, Indonesia). The aims of the research was to know the diversity and abundance of wild bee pollinators and to determine the possibility of plantation forest contribution on wild bees conservation. Sampling has been done at three stands: a pine forest (PF, with <em>Pinus merkusii</em>), an Agathis forest (AF, with <em>Agathis damara</em>) and a community forest (CF, with <em>Albizia falctaria</em>). Each habitat was divided into 5 line transect (100 x 5 m) and sweep nets were used to collect the wild bee samples. Sampling was done eah month from April to August 2015. The diversity of wild bees was high (12 species in 9 genera; members of the Apidae (7 species were dominant). <span lang="EN-GB">The most abundant species across the forests were </span><em>Apis cerana</em><span lang="EN-GB"> (343 individuals; 25.5% of total), </span><em>Trigona laeviceps</em><span lang="EN-GB"> (195 individuals; 14.5%), and </span><em>Megachille relativa </em><span lang="EN-GB">(165 individuals; 12.3%)</span>. Measurements of species diversity (<em>H</em>’), species evenness (<em>E</em>), habitat similarity (<em>Ss</em>) and species richness indicated that the wild bee species diversity in the region was relatively high <span lang="EN-GB">(</span><em>H</em>’ = <span lang="EN-GB">1.275)</span> to <span lang="EN-GB">(</span><em>H</em>’<span lang="EN-GB"> = 1.730);</span><span lang="EN-GB">(</span>E= <span lang="EN-GB">0.870)</span> to<span lang="EN-GB"> (</span>E = <span lang="EN-GB">0.93)</span>. The result showed that t<span lang="EN-GB">he </span>diversity of wild bees<span lang="EN-GB"> in three different plantation forest habitats on Mt. Slamet were similar </span>and can be concluded that plantation<span lang="EN-GB"> forest types were important for pollinator conservation, and an appropriate future preservation strategy should include of the areas of all </span>plantation <span lang="EN-GB">forest types.</span></p>

scholarly journals Variation of Small and Large Wild Bee Communities Under Honeybee Pressure in Highly Diverse Natural Habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Demeter ◽  
Adalbert Balog ◽  
Miklós Sárospataki
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Previous Contact ◽  
One Year ◽  
Bee Communities ◽  
The Impact

During the study, the honeybee effects on wild bees were tested and hypothesized that smaller distances from beehives will increase competitions between honeybees and wild bees, while greater distances will have a deleterious effect on competition. The impact on species richness and diversity was tested with distances from beehives, considering that this may differ when large and small wild bee species are considered separately. Altogether 158 species and 13,164 individuals were collected, from which 72% (9,542 individuals) were Apis mellifera. High variation in abundances was detected from one year to another, and the species turnover by sites was 67% in site A, 66% in site V, and 63% in site F. This last one was the site with the previous contact with honeybees. Considering distances from beehives, significant decreases in small bee species diversity were detected from one year to another at each distance except site F, 250 m from hives. The changes in species diversity and community structure of small bee species are detected from one year to another.

scholarly journals Influence of Wild Bee Diversity on Canola Crop Yields

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Halinski ◽  
Charles Fernando Dos Santos ◽  
Tatiana Guterres Kaehler ◽  
Betina Blochtein
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Per Se

The foraging range of bees determines the spatial scale over which each species can provide pollination services. In agricultural ecosystems, productivity is related not only to the taxonomic diversity of bees per se, but also to the location of their nesting sites, which reflects on their flying range. Within this context, the present study sought to assess how wild bee assemblages affect the yield of Brassica napus at three different distances (25 m, 175 m, 325 m) from forest remnants in Southern Brazil. Bees were sampled by means of pan traps and findings were analyzed using the Shannon diversity index and generalized linear models. We identified 11 species of native bees, both solitary and social, as well as the exotic species Apis mellifera, which was most abundant. Our findings show that canola crop yield were positively influenced by the diversity of bee species. This demonstrates that native bees, not only A. mellifera, can contribute significantly to the productivity of canola crops. In addition, we found that bee body size is significantly associated with flight distance traveled within the canola fields, and demonstrated a relationship with nesting sites. Thus, we hypothesize that canola yields are associated with the presence of wild bee species, both social and solitary, and that maintenance of these pollinators is directly dependent on practices adopted in rural areas, whether within plantation fields per se or in forest remnants used as nesting sites by wild bees.

scholarly journals One-year-old flower strips already support a quarter of a city’s bee species

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela M. Hofmann ◽  
Susanne S. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
One Year ◽  
The City

To combat the loss of flower-rich meadows, many cities are supporting greening measures, including the creation of flower strips. To assess the effectiveness of these measures in supporting flower-visiting insects, their faunas need to be compared to the background fauna at various distances from the flower strips. To meet this goal, we quantified the bee faunas of nine 1000 m2-large and newly established flower strips in the city of Munich, all planted with a regional seed mix, and compared them to the fauna recorded between 1997 and 2017 within 500, 1000, and 1500 m from the respective strip. The 68 species recorded during the flower strips’ first season represent 21% of the 324 species recorded for Munich since 1795 and 29% of the 232 species recorded between 1997 and 2017. Non-threatened species are statistically over-represented in the strips, but pollen generalists are not. These findings illustrate the conservation value of urban flower strips for common species that apparently quickly discover this food source. To our knowledge, this is the first quantitative assessment of the speed and distance over which urban flower strips attract wild bees.

A Guide to Planting Wildflower Enhancements in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Bammer ◽  
Josh Campbell ◽  
Chase B. Kimmel ◽  
James D.. Ellis ◽  
Jaret C. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
The Right

The establishment of native wildflower plantings in Florida can benefit agricultural producers as well as native pollinators and other beneficial insects (predators and parasitoids). The plantings do this by:  providing forage and nesting sites for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators, increasing wild bee numbers possibly across the farm, and increasing natural enemies of insect pests (that also depend on forage and nesting sites). This document discusses choosing the right mix of native plant species to benefit many pollinator species, as well as proper site selection, planting practices, and weed control techniques. Wildflower plots should be practical to manage, maximize benefits to wildlife, and fit into the overall management practices of the property. 

DEVELOPING HYBRID MEDIA INSTALLATION GAME IN TAMAN GAJAH TUNGGAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Agatha Maisie Tjandra ◽  
Lalitya Talitha Pinasthika ◽  
Rangga Winantyo
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Digital Game ◽  
Interactive Installation ◽  
City Parks ◽  
The City ◽  
Media Installation

In the recent five years, City parks have been developing rapidly in urban cities in Indonesia. Built in 2007, Taman Gajah Tunggal is one of the city parks located in Tangerang. This park is situated at The Center of Tangerang City on the edge of Cisadane River. Like many public spaces in Indonesia, this park has littering issues by visitors’ lack of care. This re- search is offered to develop social marketing by using a digital game for gaining awareness of Taman Gajah Tunggal’s visitors age 17-30 years old about littering issues. This paper focused on developing the prototyping process in iteration design method by using a digital game to suggest possibilities design for future development interactive installation design in public space which can bring a new experience.

Influence of Nesting Characteristics on Health of Wild Bee Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Harmon-Threatt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Habitat Disturbances ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Bee Communities ◽  
Nest Initiation

Nest site availability and quality are important for maintaining robust populations and communities of wild bees. However, for most species, nesting traits and nest site conditions are poorly known, limiting both our understanding of basic ecology for bee species and conservation efforts. Additionally, many of the threats commonly associated with reducing bee populations have effects that can extend into nests but are largely unstudied. In general, threats such as habitat disturbances and climate change likely affect nest site availability and nest site conditions, which in turn affect nest initiation, growth, development, and overwintering success of bees. To facilitate a better understanding of how these and other threats may affect nesting bees, in this review, I quantify key nesting traits and environmental conditions and then consider how these traits may intersect with observed and anticipated changes in nesting conditions experienced by wild bees. These data suggest that the effects of common threats to bees through nesting may strongly influence their survival and persistence but are vastly understudied. Increasing research into nesting biology and incorporating nesting information into conservation efforts may help improve conservation of this declining but critical group.

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