scholarly journals Microbiological activity of soils by soybean with different variants of fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
S. Hudz ◽  
L. Skivka ◽  
O. Prysiazhniuk ◽  
Ya. Tsvei
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Microbiota ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Microbiological Processes ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
System Of Fertilizers ◽  
Biological Fertilizer

The aim of the study was comparative evaluation of microbiological processes occurring in the soil and rhizosphere during the soybean cultivation in the conditions of short-term rotation with the use of different fertilizer systems. Methods.The content of ammoniating, amylolytic, pedotrophic, oligotrophic, asporousmicroorganisms, and micromycetes was determined. The soil and rhizosphere microbiological processes were characterized by mineralization – immobilization, oligotrophism, and pedotrophism coefficients. The use of ecological and biological fertilizer systems was accompanied by the increase of ammoniating microorganisms in the soybean budding phase. The use of exclusively mineral fertilizers of soybean has only significantly increased the development of microorganisms which use nitrogen of mineral compounds. The number of oligotrophic microorganisms was the highest, indicating that the stocks of readily available nutrients were depleted and that humification processes were intensified. For the ecological system of fertilizers, the coefficient of nitrogen mineralization-immobilization was 0.72-0.83, and for the biological system was the lowest 0.60-0.99. It confirms the equilibrium of the processes of mineralization and immobilization. The oligotrophic coefficients for the ecological and biological fertilizer systems at the stages of budding and browning of beans indicate the good availability of soil microbiota with easily digestible organic substances. The use of an ecological fertilizer system with a balanced combination of mineral and organic fertilizers and a biological fertilizer system with modern organic fertilizers and humates increases the activity of soil microbiota and improves the processes of organic compound transformation.

scholarly journals Composition and amount of nutrients entering the soil with cotton biomass and green manure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3127-3129
Author(s):  
Hasanova Aynur Oruj, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Microbiological Processes

The experience of developed countries in the field of agriculture and research results show that high efficiency from mineral fertilizers can be obtained on fertile soils. That is, the soil should contain a large amount of organic substances, microelements, beneficial microorganisms, various enzymes that activate microbiological processes, normalize and optimize the nutritional, thermal and water-physical properties of the soil. This can be achieved by regularly applying crop residues and organic fertilizers to the soil. Siderata - green fertilizers - are of great importance for increasing soil fertility.

scholarly journals Organic substances replenishment and high humus content of soil in the apple orchads under different fertilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
P. H. Kopytko ◽  
◽  
R. V. Yakovenko ◽  
I. P. Petryshyna
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Small Roots ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Old Trees

The balance of humus in a meter layer of dark gray, podzolized soil and podzolized chernozem of the experimental apple orchads and the study of their long-term fertilization was investigated (from the planting to 50-year old trees) with the use of organic (40 t/ha of cattle manure) and mineral fertilizers (N120P120K120), which were applied once in two years in autumn under the plowing in the row spacings at a depth of 18 20 cm. In the 20-year period (from 30- to 50-year-old experimental gardens) in a meter layer of dark gray podzolized soil on the non-fertilized control plots the amount of humus increased by 27 t/ha, and on the plots fertilized with manure – by 7 t/ha more and on the plots with mineral fertilizers – by 6 t/ha less and in podzolized chernozem – 37 t/ha and 3 t/ha more and 10 t/ha less respectively. Such changes in humus storage were caused by different replenishment of organic substances, and, to a greater extent, an increase in the biological activity of the fertilized soil, in particular the intensity of mineralization processes of organic matter, and in particular the humus compounds. Also, the replanishment of such soils in the gardens by the organic mass of fallen leaves and thin (d≤1mm) small roots, which systematically grows and dies, providing root nutrition of fruit plants, was investigated. These sources supplemented with organic substances the layer of soil of 0 20 cm – with all the mass of leaves and 38,5 43,3% of the total roots, and the increase in humus content was in all roots of the layer of 0 60 cm: in non-fertilized areas of 11 t/ha in dark gray soil and 18 tons per hectare in chernozem, under organic fertilizers, by 14 and 19 t/ha, and under mineral fertilizers – by 3 and 9 t/ha respectively. The greatest quantity of humus was added in the layer 60 100 cm: 16 and 19 t/ha, 20 and 21 t/ha and 18 t/ha. Such results were conditioned by the intensification of biological activity, in particular mineralization processes, in the upper layers of fertilized soils at higher humus content, as well as the migration of soluble humus substances deep into the meter profile.

The Fertilizer Systems Efficiency in a Short-Term Crop Rotation in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Kirilesko Aleksei ◽  
Khomina Veronika ◽  
Stroianovskyi Vasyl ◽  
Chyncnyk Oleksandr
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Energy Estimation

Abstract The results of energy estimation of a crop rotation link in the western part of Forest Steppe of Ukraine are presented. It is established that all proposed fertilizer systems are effective in terms of energy storage. It is proved that the use of mineral fertilizers in combination with organic fertilizers increases Kee indices by a factor of 1.2.

scholarly journals Adaptive technologies for intensification of winter wheat grain production in biologized crop rotation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00067
Author(s):  
Zakirzhan Bikmukhametov ◽  
Rafil Shakirov ◽  
Razina Sabirova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Fertilizer System

The studies were conducted at the experimental base of the Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture in 1996–2014 to adapt fertilizer systems and basic tillage to achieve yields of 3–5 t/ha. The article cited data on winter wheat – the second crop of the third rotation of the eight-field grain-grass-crop rotation for 2013–2014. We studied the effect of organomineral, organic, mineral fertilizer systems on the winter wheat yield using a differentiated approach to their use in combination with different primary tillage systems (dump plowing to the depth of the arable layer, multi-depth loosening and loosening to a depth of 15–16). The organomineral fertilizer system differed with the saturation with organic fertilizers of 7 t/ha of arable land per year + N36P32K60 according to the balance sheet for receiving 4 t/ha of grain with spring fertilizing using ammonium nitrate, where the yield was 4. 03 t/ha, and the saving on mineral fertilizers, depending on crop rotation and soil saturation with organic matter, was 25–35 %. The yield of winter wheat by the water-saving technology amounted to 4.03 t/ha with a planned level of 4.0 t/ha. At the same time, at the purchase price of 7 rubles/kg, the level of profitability rose to 195.85 %, the cost of 1 center of grain amounted to 236.6 rubles.

scholarly journals Agro-Ecological Estimation of Various Fertilization Systems under Conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N L Adaev ◽  
A Kh Zanilov ◽  
A G Amaeva ◽  
A Z Khaziev ◽  
I N Adaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Microbial Number ◽  
Fertilizer System

Producers of agricultural plants are increasingly marking a decrease in the responsiveness of cultivated plants to the mineral fertilizers applied to the soil. The explanation of this phenomenon can be the shift of limiting factors that determine the yield from mineral components in the soil to substances of organic and biological origin. The paper presents comparative data of the influence of mineral and organic fertilizer system on main biological indicators of the soil – nitrogen transforming groups of microorganisms, total microbial number (TMN), and soil respiration. The change in total and mineral nitrogen in the soil is estimated. The novelty of the study is that organic fertilizers are used in amounts comparable to the doses of mineral fertilizers in physical weight – 200 kg/ha. The application is carried out locally simultaneously with the seeding. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that ammonifiers (by 20.0–45 %), nitrifiers (by 30.0–46.7 %) numerically dominate in soil with organic fertilizers under all crops (corn, sunflower, soybean, sugar beet), the total microbial number is higher by 24.6–48.3 %. The intensity of carbon dioxide emissions (soil respiration) is also higher by 19.0–45.6 %. The intensity of biogeochemical processes in the soil and the related transformations of mineral nutrients, respectively and the provision of plants with them closely correlates with the number of valuable groups of microorganisms. The correlation coefficient between the number of ammonifiers and nitrifiers with the total nitrogen content in the soil under all studied crops in an organic fertilizer system is r=0.93.

scholarly journals Формування поживного режиму ґрунту в полі цукрових буряків залежно від їх удобрення в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Я. П. Цвей ◽  
М. В. Тищенко ◽  
С. В. Філоненко ◽  
В. В. Ляшенко
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

Наведено результати досліджень впливу різних доз органічних та мінеральних добрив, що вносяться під цукрові буряки в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні, на вміст нітратного і мінерального азоту, рухомого фосфору та обмінного калію в чорноземі типовому слабкосолонцюватому. У результаті польових досліджень було встановлено, що в зоні недостатнього зволоження в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні формування поживного режиму чорнозему типового слабкосолонцюватого під цукровими буряками залежало від системи удобрення. Найбільший вміст нітратного і мінерального азоту в орному шарі ґрунту виявився на час сходів цукрових буряків на ділянках, де вносили під культуру 50 т/га гною + N90Р120К90, – 17,2 і 20,1 мг/кг ґрунту відповідно. Така доза органічних і мінеральних добрив забезпечила і найбільшу кількість рухомого фосфору в орному шарі у період сходів культури – 80,0 мг/кг ґрунту, що обумовлено зростаючою рухомістю фосфатів з органічних добрив і меншим переходом фосфору в малорозчинні сполуки. Заміна дози добрив із 25 т/га гною + N180Р240К180, яку вносили під цукрові буряки, на 50 т/га гною + N90Р120К90 сприяла підвищенню вмісту обмінного калію в орному шарі ґрунту на час сходів буряків із 170,0 до 177,0 мг/кг ґрунту, що обумовлено високою дозою внесених органічних добрив під культуру, які після мінералізації гною і забезпечили зростання вмісту обмінного калію в ґрунті. Optimization of mineral nutrition of plants is one of the most significant means to regulate physiological processes that determine yield formation of any crop. In intensive farming the yield of crops depends on the natural fertility of soil and weather conditions only by 25%. In this case, fertilizers provide from 30 to 60% of the yield, high quality seeds – from 5 to 20%, and plant protection products – from 5 to 15%. Therefore, studying of the optimal provision of sugar beet plants with nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium due to the application of various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers is important and relevant, especially for the conditions of the zone of inadequate moisture. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of sugar beet fertilization on the formation of the nutrient regime of the soil underneath in short-rotation fertile crop rotation. The research task was the study of the effect of various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers, applied to sugar beets, on the content of nitrate and mineral nitrogen, as well as  the effect of various fertilization systems used during the cultivation of sugar beets on the content of mobile phosphorus in the field of crop in short-term crop rotation and the study of the content of exchangeable potassium in typical slightly alcanlinized black soil while applying various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers to sugar beets. The following preliminary conclusions can be made based on the data of one-year research: In short-term crop rotation, the highest content of nitrate and mineral nitrogen in the arable soil layer was at the time of germination of sugar beets in the areas where the manure + N90P120K90 was applied in the amount of 50 tons per hectar - 17.2 and 20.1 mg/kg of soil. The application of 50t/ha of manure + N90P120K90provided the largest amount of mobile phosphorus in the arable layer during the period of the crop germination – 80.0 mg/kg of soil, due to the increasing mobility of phosphates from organic fertilizers and a smaller transition of phosphorus in the insoluble compounds. The change of the dose of fertilizers applied to sugar beets from 25 t/ha of manure + N180Р240К180 to 50 t/ha of manure + N90Р120К90resulted in the increase of the content of exchangeable potassium in the arable soil layer during sugar beets germination from 170.0 to 177.0 mg/kg of soil. It is the effect of the application of high dose of organic fertilizers, which after mineralization of manure provided the increase of the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of formation of the Eubacterial complex of winter wheat rhysosphere (Triticum durum) by different fertilization systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
S. Hudz ◽  
L. Skivka
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Biological Fertilizer ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Fertilization System

The of the study was to determine the quantitative, qualitative composition and taxonomic structure of the eubacterial complex in the rhizosphere of winter wheat using different fertilizer systems.Methods.Microbiological methods were used to determine the content of winter microorganisms in the wheat rhizosphere, and molecular taxonomic structure and methane of the eubacterial complex of microorganisms were determined. Results.It was found that among large phyla on the variants of the biological system of winter wheat fertilizer the share of Proteobacteria increased to 80,3%, and the number of Actinobacteria decreased to 12.4% according to the control variant 76,3 and 17,5 %, also similar growth rates were marked on the variant of the ecological fertilizer system. The analysis of families shows that such families as Alcaligenaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were dominant in winter wheat crops with the use of different fertilizer variants. Under the industrial fertilizer system, the share of the family Alcaligenaceae was the highest, but with the application of biological and ecological systems it decreased, while the prevalence of the family Pseudomonadaceae on the contrary – increased. The use of organic fertilizers, compared with mineral, contributed to the formation of a variety of bacteria, so the greatest diversity of prokaryotes according to the Shannon index was in the biological fertilizer system – 4,82, and the least – in the industrial version of winter wheat fertilizer. Conclusions. It was found that in the variant of the biological fertilization system the increase of species diversity was due to the following phyla: Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and in the ecological fertilization system due to such philos as: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobac. In general, according to the experiment, the absolute dominants were representatives of bacterial philosProteobacteria – 79,1 %, Actinobacteria – 14,0%.

scholarly journals Features of mineral nutrition of agricultural crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Babichev ◽  
◽  
A. A. Babenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
Fertilizer System

Purpose: to analyze the experience of applying mineral and organic fertilizers on dry and irrigated lands for the main agricultural crops. The overview of scientific research results, literature sources on applying a fertilizer system in agriculture, in which nutrients necessary for agricultural crops are introduced into the soil during the most critical periods of growth and development are presented. This paper considers the use of fertilizers, taking into account the utilization rates of available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements necessary for plants from fertilizers and the root layer of the soil, clarifies the need to compensate for the removal of nutrients by the vegetative and generative parts of the crop, the rate of consumption of mineral nutrition elements by agrocenoses. The timing and methods of using organic and mineral fertilizers depend on the granulometric composition of the soil, the predecessor, the level of groundwater occurrence, the agrochemical properties of soils, the efficiency of the drainage network, weather and climatic conditions, the growth and development phase of the cultivated crop. Conclusion. The study of the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the timing, norms, types and methods of applying mineral and organic fertilizers for various agricultural crops cultivated on dry and irrigated lands, and the analysis of the studies allow us to conclude that in the conditions of digitalization of agricultural production, there is no consensus about the systems the use of mineral and organic fertilizers in the conditions of precision (precision) farming. Research in this area is promising at the present time and in the near future, especially when using modern means of diagnosing deficiencies in plant nutrients.

scholarly journals Sideration as an alternative to organic fertilizers and means to increase agrocenosis productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
O. P. Chmel ◽  
Yu. O. Krypodereia ◽  
I. M. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Fertilizer System

The results of studies of optimization processes of nutritional regime and biological activity of soil in the highly specialized grain-potato crop rotation (potatoes – spring barley – peas – winter wheat) for the use of sideratos on sod-podzolic soils of Polissia are presented. The role of sideration in comparison with the traditional fertilizer system in crop rotation with potato crop has been analyzed. It has been found that the alternative fertilizer system – siderate + NPK is not inferior to the indicators (content of NO3, P2O5, K2O) to the traditional system during all phases of crop development. The role of green fertilizers on the balance of biogenic elements, yield and soil fertility indicators has been determined. The use of siderata in intermediate crops will protect the soil from leaching of nutrients in the autumn, as they will be directed to the formation of biomass of the siderate and will help increase yields through the gradual return of the compounds of biogenic elements due to the mineralization of the sideral mass. Agro-climatic resources of the soil-climate zone are more effectively used for the use of green fertilizers, so in modern agriculture, sideration should be considered as an important chain of energy and resource-saving technologies in agriculture. Key words:sideration, organic farming, mineral fertilizers, humus, agrocenosis, nutrients, biogenic elements.

Fertilization System as a Factor of Transforming the Humus State of the Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
V. Lopushniak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Stable Forms

Aim. To establish the effect of different fertilization systems in short fi eld crop rotation on the change in the state of humus in the dark gray podzolic soils in Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were carried out in a stationary experiment of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the L’viv National Agrarian University; determination of humus content – according to DSTU 4289:2004, and that of its labile forms – in accordance with DSTU 4732:2007, fraction-group composition – by Ponomare- va-Plotnikova’s method, according to the measurement procedure 31-497058-008-2002. Results. The use of organo-mineral fertilizer system in short fi eld crop rotation with the saturation of organic fertilizers of 15 t/ha of crop rotation contributes to the humus content increase by 0.7 % after the third rotation in 0–40 cm layer of dark gray podzolic soil, the increase in the share of stable forms of humic compounds up to 57–59 % and the increase in the ratio of R HA :R FA to 1.3–1.4. The study demonstrated very high dependence of amount of gross energy reserves in the humus on the R HA :R FA ratio. Conclusions. The combined application of organic fertili- zers in the form of manure, non-market of the crop (straw) and siderate, along with mineral fertilizers is re- commended in short fi eld crop rotations of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine toensure expanded reproduction of fertility of dark gray podzolic soil, improvement of its humus status, increase in gross energy reserves and the share of the stable forms and humic acids in the humus.

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