scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND METHODICAL APPARATUS OF DISCLOSURE OF UNCERTAINTY IN THE PROBLEMS OF INTERACTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
O.V. Borovik ◽  
D.O. Borovik
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Rational Solution ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Algorithmic Support ◽  
Situational Uncertainty

For a large class of systems analysis tasks, an important issue is the disclosure of uncertainties. This is due to the variety of goals, properties and characteristics of the studied objects. Today, the task of revealing the uncertainty of conflicts in the tasks of choosing the goals of plans and plans in the process of interaction of partners or opposition of competitors or opponents remains relevant. There are methods in systems analysis that allow you to solve these problems in some cases. They are based on the application of methods of mathematical analysis and probability theory. However, these methods are applicable only to problems in which the number of partners and the arguments of the objective functions that determine the purpose of their activities coincide. Since in practice, as a rule, such a restriction is not met, it is important to find approaches to solving problems of disclosing the uncertainty of conflicts in the tasks of choosing the goals of plans and plans in the process of interaction of partners arbitrary number of partners and arguments of their target functions. The paper formalizes the problem of revealing uncertainty in the interaction of partners, in which the number of arguments of the objective functions is not necessarily equal to the number of partners. The analysis of the existing approach to the solution of the formulated problem in the absence and presence of situational uncertainty for two and any number of partners is also carried out. Based on the application of technical constraints, an approach to solving the problem is proposed and software and algorithmic support for its implementation is formed. This approach is based on the preliminary formation of the area of acceptable solutions (Pareto area) and the subsequent search for a rational solution in this area. The proposed approach can be applied to solving the problem of disclosing the uncertainty of conflicts both in the absence and in the presence of situational uncertainty. Software-algorithmic implementation of the author's approach to solving the research problem allows to automate individual stages of problem solving.

Crosscutting Concepts in Science Support Literacy and Writing

2019 ◽  
pp. 262-275
Author(s):  
Diana Loyd O'Neal
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Content Areas ◽  
Higher Level Thinking ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Literacy And Writing ◽  
Crosscutting Concepts

The purpose of the chapter is to guide teachers in development of authentic and engaging lessons through multidisciplinary integration. As cross-curricular lessons are implemented, collaborative support between science, math, ELA, social studies, and related arts classes builds excitement for teachers and students. Students are challenged to take ownership of learning using higher-level thinking skills, creativity in design, and practicing 21st century skills such as collaboration, research, problem solving, and innovation. The chapter provides examples of integrative ideas and suggestions on how to begin developing multidisciplinary lessons. Although the primary focus relates to the crosscutting concepts in science with ELA expectations, the resources provided also include integrations for other content areas as well. The goal of the chapter is to provide models for the development of inquiry-based, authentic, and engaging opportunities for students to develop higher conceptual understanding and offer methods for applying their learning to real-world concepts.

Acquiring Objective Functions in Distributed Rule-Based Systems from Examples

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-458
Author(s):  
Kenichi Matsuura ◽  
◽  
Yukinori Kakazu
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Traveling Salesman ◽  
Rule Generation ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Rule Based System ◽  
System A ◽  
Distributed Problem Solving ◽  
Rule Based Systems

There are some great features in distributed problem solving systems, such as fault tolerance, robustness and so on. This system performs problem solving with search depending on an objective function. Distributed rulebased problem systems are considered to be of the same type. That is to say, the set of rules and the objective function exist separately within the system. However, in distributed rule-based systems, a set of rules should hold the objective function. The system should have a set of rules only, and the objective function should exist within that set of rules. In this paper, our objective is to acquire the objective function of a distributed rule-based system. A rule generation mechanism analyzes some given examples and acquires strategies for problem solving to a set of rules. In this way, the set of rules of the examples class in the domain represents the objective function of that class in the domain. Therefore, a solution using those rules keeps the same features as the examples if the problem belongs to the examples class that generates the set of rules. The system implemented by this theory has been applied to the domain of traveling salesman problem. This system has generated a set of rules that has held the objective function of its domain.

scholarly journals The probabilistic innovation theoretical framework

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris W. Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Knowledge Management Theory ◽  
Knowledge Problem

Background: Despite technological advances that offer new opportunities for solving societal problems in real time, knowledge management theory development has largely not kept pace with these developments. This article seeks to offer useful insights into how more effective theory development in this area could be enabled.Aim: This article suggests different streams of literature for inclusion into a theoretical framework for an emerging stream of research, termed ‘probabilistic innovation’, which seeks to develop a system of real-time research capability. The objective of this research is therefore to provide a synthesis of a range of diverse literatures, and to provide useful insights into how research enabled by crowdsourced research and development can potentially be used to address serious knowledge problems in real time.Setting: This research suggests that knowledge management theory can provide an anchor for a new stream of research contributing to the development of real-time knowledge problem solving.Methods: This conceptual article seeks to re-conceptualise the problem of real-time research and locate this knowledge problem in relation to a host of rapidly developing streams of literature. In doing so, a novel perspective of societal problem-solving is enabled.Results: An analysis of theory and literature suggests that certain rapidly developing streams of literature might more effectively contribute to societally important real-time research problem solving if these steams are united under a theoretical framework with this goal as its explicit focus.Conclusion: Although the goal of real-time research is as yet not attainable, research that contributes to its attainment may ultimately make an important contribution to society.

scholarly journals KECEMASAN ORANGTUA DALAM PENGASUHAN ANAK DENGAN HIV/AIDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Ellya Susilowati ◽  
Juariah Marwah Dikiyah
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Severe Anxiety ◽  
Program Reduction ◽  
Hiv Aids

This study examines the parents’ anxiety in parenting children with HIV/AIDS at Yayasan Pelita Ilmu Jakarta. The purpose of this study to obtain an empirical description of the characteristics of respondents and the physical condition related anxiety. The method used in this research is quantitative approach. The sample size of this research is 30 people taken by cluster sampling technique. Data collection techniques used were questionnaires and documentation studies. The results show that parents who have children with HIV/AIDS experience anxiety in parenting. Respondents have severe anxiety on physical aspect equal to 53,33%, This anxiety is most dominantly triggered by fears of stigma and discrimination, as well as the health conditions of children with HIV / AIDS which are vulnerable. The results of the research problem analysis require problem-solving efforts so that researchers propose an anxiety program reduction for parents of children with HIV/AIDS. This program aims to improve the parents’ skills in dealing with situations that could be trigger their anxiety.

scholarly journals AN ALGORITHM FOR OBTAINING THE OPTIMAL GUARANTEED RESULT FOR OBJECTS WITH EXTREME CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
А.Е. Ismayilov ◽  
◽  
Zh. Kozhamkulova ◽  
M. Serikuly ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Rational Solution ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Analytical Form ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Existence Of A Solution ◽  
Multicriteria Problem

In this paper, an algorithm for obtaining the optimal guaranteed result for objects with extreme states is developed, based on the establishment of the function and functionals of an analytical form. The methodology for choosing a control strategy for an object with the best guaranteed result is described. The essence of the technique is to find an optimal solution to a multicriteria problem that maximizes the values of all functions. At the same time, the existence of a solution that literally maximizes all objective functions is a rare exception. The problem of obtaining a guaranteed result and the study of the possibility of its improvement, as well as the problem of choosing a rational solution were considered. It has been established that a strategy that has an efficiency estimate in a given operation equal to the best (largest) guaranteed result is the optimal guaranteeing strategy. The objective function has been determined, and an optimally guaranteed strategy has been undertaken for the management of biotechnological industries using information technology.

Problem Solving, Systems Analysis, and Medicine

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-99
Author(s):  
Duane A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Systems Analysis

Visual Support for Use Case Modeling

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Andrew Gemino ◽  
Drew Parker
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Visual Support ◽  
Level Of Understanding

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has been evolving as a standard approach to Systems Analysis and Design. Use cases are a de facto standard tool, and corresponding use case diagrams offer visual support for this tool. The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning suggests that the visual nature of use case diagrams would enhance understanding, particularly for novice users, by providing visual cues to focus relevant information. This paper describes an experiment to test this theory, offering use cases with and without supporting use case diagrams. Retention, comprehension, and problem solving tasks were tested and measured. As hypothesized, the results find that users had a significantly higher level of understanding, measured by problem solving tasks, if they were provided with use case diagrams accompanying the use cases. These results are promising support that use cases and use case diagrams could be considered important boundary objects in systems analysis.

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