THE SOIL QUALITY MONITORING WITH USING OF THE GEOINFORMATION ANALYSIS

The soil mapping is very important for the effective implementation of sustainable land management. In recent decades, the methods of mapping soil data have become much more, which improves the quality of the maps produced. Despite these improvements, field data on the ground remain the best source of information verified over the centuries and useful for soil mapping and sustainable land management. “Local” data and experience should be an important aspect of soil mapping, as farmers are one of the main end users of the maps produced, and therefore cartographic data should be relevant to the realities and needs of farmers. An important problem for Ukraine is the actualization of the quality of land. Information on the quality of Ukraine's land fund is currently out of date. The process of monitoring the state of lands should be modernized and automated, and the means to implement this process is the introduction of geoinformation monitoring methods. Currently, the main purpose of work on the analysis and display of data on the quality of soils is the modernization of research methods, as well as the display of results in a new format - using GIS. Geoinformatics is a promising scientific field that is developing rapidly. In the coming years, all areas of geographical knowledge will develop under the strong influence of geographic information technologies, computer processing of spatial information, and the use of global telecommunications networks will expand. The use of geographic information systems in agriculture makes it possible to apply new opportunities for managing agriculture and its main resource - land. The main advantage is the ability to share a database that contains certain data needed for land management, and is constantly updated and updated. GIS-technologies are also used to develop and analyze a large number of design solutions, creating recommendation and management maps in the agricultural sector.

ADAPTIVE MECHANICAL FILTER FOR PIEZOELECTRIC ACCELEROMETER

When conducting dynamic tests, when simulating shock effects, the measurement system - from the sensor to the data acquisition unit is subject to significant overloads. In this circuit, the accelerometer is the most vulnerable link. Therefore, piezoelectric accelerometers have become widely used in measuring shocks as more reliable and durable, but they also have a number of disadvantages. Thus, under broadband vibration effects, excitation in the region of mechanical resonance is observed. That is, the material of the sensor crystal may not have an excessive mechanical load, but generate a large amount of output charge due to the resonance of the sensor. This increases the electrical signal and can lead to saturation or, in many cases, damage to the signal shapers and amplifiers following the sensor. The result of such modes of operation is the loss of data due to the displacement of direct current over time. There is often a shift of the zero level of the output signal. When piezoelectric elements are in resonance, there may be a relative displacement of the sensing element. This state of overload leads to the appearance of parasitic output charges, which leads to a change in the generated charge in a short period of time. Due to mechanical overload, under the action of high-intensity shocks, physical destruction of the sensor is also possible. In many cases, the use of mechanical filters made of viscoelastic materials, which are placed between the object of measurement and the piezoelectric accelerometer (sensor), prevents the undesirable consequences of these shortcomings and improves the process of measuring shocks. The use of mechanical filters made of viscoelastic materials makes it possible to significantly reduce the amplitude of oscillations of the piezoelectric accelerometer (over -12 dB) and shift its resonant frequency towards higher frequencies. That is, the use of mechanical filters significantly reduces the mechanical load on the sensor, which makes the process of measuring vibration (especially shock) more predictable.

INFLUENCE OF COEFFICIENT VARIATION ON THE VALUE OPTIMAL LEVEL OF MAINTENANCE

Complex technical objects in modern society are extremely important. Such objects belong to the class of recoverable objects of long-term repeated use. They tend to be expensive and costly to operate. To ensure the required level of reliability during their operation, maintenance is usually carried out, the essence of which is the timely preventive replacement of elements that are in a pre-failure state. A characteristic feature of complex technical objects for special purposes is the presence in their composition of a large number (tens, hundreds of thousands) of different types of component parts that have different levels of reliability, different patterns of their wear and tear processes. This feature requires a more subtle approach to the organization and planning of maintenance during their operation. The problem is that during the development of such facilities, all issues related to maintainability and maintenance should be addressed already at the early stages of facility design. If you do not provide in advance the necessary hardware and software for the built-in monitoring of technical condition (TC) of the object, do not develop and “build” the maintenance technology into the object, then it will not be possible to realize in the future a possible gain in the reliability of object due to maintenance. Since all these issues must be resolved at the stage of object creation (when the object does not yet exist), mathematical models of the maintenance process are needed, with the help of which it would be possible to calculate the possible gain in the level of reliability of facility due to maintenance, to estimate the cost costs required for this. Then, based on such calculations, make a decision on the need for maintenance for this type of objects and, if such a decision is made, develop structure of the maintenance system, choose the most acceptable maintenance strategy, and determine its optimal parameters. In this paper, we study the influence of the coefficient variation on value of the optimal level of maintenance. The work also confirms the general idea that the smaller value of the coefficient variation of random operating time to failure of the serviced elements, greater optimal value of maintenance level should be.

INFORMATION SECURITY OF SMALL BUSINESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION

The article defines and analyzes the characteristic features of modern society digitalization, in particular the digital economy. It is noted that progress in the digital technology environment requires the application of information security measures, primarily in the financial and economic activities of small businesses. The interpretation of the definitions «information security» and «economic security» has been clarified. Attention is drawn to a conscious understanding of the interaction between people and technology during the digital transformation of the economy in such a way that the latest technologies must adapt to people, and not vice versa. It is emphasized that such an understanding can come only in the process of training and acquiring appropriate professional competencies, especially among small businesses. The types of small businesses information that are subject to protection and components of economic security are determined. Proposals have been formed for the creation of a comprehensive security program, which should include an action plan aimed at protecting the functioning of the enterprise's information system from external and internal influences, and a set of measures designed to protect the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of data from internal and external, malicious and accidental threats. Information security of small businesses in the context of digitalization should be based on the following positions: the management of the enterprise should regularly train all employees in the principles of Information Security, data protection and protect physical data carriers from cyber attacks; the corporate network should be segmented, and access to it – controlled; partnership with service providers from the point of view of information security should be equivalent; remote access to the corporate network of the enterprise, which is now becoming more widespread, should be as secure as possible and comply with information security standards. A promising area of further research is the development of a set of measures at the state level, which includes streamlining the simplified tax system, promoting the development of innovative entrepreneurship, cluster organization of small businesses, the formation of a modern information infrastructure to support entrepreneurship, the formation of a favorable business climate.

MODEL OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CONVERTERS OF THE DETECTOR

The level of development and application of radiation technologies is largely determined by the state of nuclear instrumentation. The advent of modern semiconductor sensors for the first time linked nuclear instrumentation and electronics into a single complex - semiconductor detector. It combines semiconductor primary converter of ionizing radiation (sensor), a secondary converter of information from the sensor (electronics) and software for processing this information, interconnected in terms of the problem being solved and parameters. The structural diagram of detector consists of two main parts: a primary converter of ionizing radiation (IR) energy into an electrical signal - a sensor; secondary converter of this electrical signal. The characteristics of detector are mainly determined by the physical properties of the semiconductor crystal as a sensitive element of the primary converter, as well as by the features of the process of recording an electrical signal. The process of registering an IR consists in converting a non-electrical quantity characterizing it into an electrical signal. In other words, this converts one type of energy - the energy of IR - into another, more convenient for processing and accumulating information. A current or voltage pulse arises in the radiation sensor directly as a result of ionization of its active medium - a semiconductor; this pulse carries extensive information. First of all, it is correlated with the moment of time of the nuclear process. In addition, the pulse marks the fact that radiation is emitted within the solid angle at which the sensor is visible from the source. Pulse amplitude is often a measure of the energy loss of radiation in the sensor. The pulse shape is different for different types of radiation, as well as for different areas and angles of radiation hitting the sensor. In this work, a model of a gamma radiation detector has been created as a single system of primary and secondary converters. It contains physical analysis and analytical presentation of the processes occurring in the CdZnTe-sensor and electronic preamplifier. It is shown that the charge collection in the sensor differs in time, which leads to a spread of signal pulses in duration and amplitude. In this regard, model shows the need to use a charge-sensitive preamplifier. The main advantage of the model is solution to problem of optimizing signal-to-noise ratio in detector.

ON THE QUESTION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF SOFTWARE WEB SYSTEMS BY DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

This article presents the results of research on existing tools and the definition of theoretical aspects of the use of modern frameworks for software development, as well as justification of the feasibility and impact of variability of choice on the quality of software applications. The main results of the study are the rationale for the choice of frameworks for software development. It should be noted that despite the large number of frameworks, the structured analysis is carried out by a rather small number of researchers, which determines the scientific novelty of this issue. Choosing the right framework is one of the main principles that determine the quality of the future site. Each of the technologies presented in this article can be considered exhaustive in all respects because they are used both in the practice of converting to a graphical interface (frontend) and to develop a variant of software architecture (backend). Therefore, you should choose a platform according to the convenience of programming languages. So Agile is best suited for open-ended projects, such as launching Internet services, developing computer games, and operating systems. However, flexibility can lead to loss of focus and loss of predictability. It is very important to separate the errors of the flexible approach from the shortcomings of the methodology itself. It will take some time to adapt to the realities of specific tasks before all the benefits of the approach are realized. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using certain frameworks in accordance with the needs of the customer and the developer to achieve certain results in software development.

DESIGN OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL UAV OF ROTOR TYPE ON THE BASE OF FIRMWARE ARDUPILOT

In this work, a multifunctional rotor-type UAV (hexacopter) was designed based on the Arducopter ver.4.0.7 firmware for FMUv3 devices. Experimental tuning of the firmware parameters for a given UAV geometry, its weight, propeller group, flight stability in a gusty wind for navigation modes has been performed. It is shown that this flight controller can use all the documented features of the Ardupilot firmware, unlike the Pixhawk1 1M. Experimentally, on the basis of numerous flights, it was revealed that firmware using a mathematical apparatus based on the extended Kalman filter (Arducopter 4.0.7) gives better flight results in navigation modes than firmware based on the use of a complimentary filter (INAV, Betaflight - rescue mode). The possibility of controlling additional equipment using a flight controller is shown using the example of dropping a load at a given point of the trajectory. The results of telemetry were obtained during the automatic flight of the hexacopter along a given trajectory based on the installed sensors. It is shown how, using the ground station software, it is possible to obtain two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphical representations of telemetry data for analyzing the flight of a copter with its subsequent fine tuning. The possibility of constructing and constructing a three-dimensional trajectory of the UAV flight according to telemetry data using the Google Earth program has been studied. Considered the fine tuning of UAV flight modes using the Ardupilot firmware parameters. The parameters are identified that are basic for ensuring maximum flight stability in abruptly changing conditions, for example, during sudden braking, maneuvers, gusty wind. The range of variation of these parameters and their values have been determined experimentally. The parameters of the PID controller were tuned to ensure a smooth and stable flight in navigation modes. In work with the use of a servo drive, a load dropping device has been designed, which can be triggered automatically when flying along a trajectory, and when commanding from the control panel when approaching a given point, which is visually viewed using the Mission Planner.

ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEMS OF LINGUISTIC SUPPORT OF CYBERPHYSICAL SYSTEMS OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES

The article deals with analyses of prospects for relationship between nanotechnology and applied linguistics in the field of information functioning in automated nanosystems of various types, including the use of lexical units of the semantic field - nanotechnology; to review the state of lexicographic and terminological sources of professional language in the field of nanotechnology and nanotechnology industry in the general system of information security of the state. Modern information security is formed at the micro- and nano-levels, which contributes to finding new solutions with numerous possibilities of civil and military application. The authors prove that the development of modern nanotechnological devices allows to obtain a potential that can be comparable with the factor of ruinability of the mass destruction weapon. One of the most frightening prospects is the emergence of nanorobots with elements of collective intelligence, which could use the natural environment for the creation of similar machines. From this perspective, the nanotechnologies being created are a new class of armaments. Therefore, there is a general need to investigate the whole paradigm of nanotechnology in order to identify positive and negative effects of their use, In particular, the analysis of nanotechnology and nanomaterials therminosystems, examination of the mechanisms of their formation, and identification of the main features of the terms. The use of applied possibilities of linguistics for linguistic support of information functioning in automated nanosystems of various types is considered actual. The linguistic support (determining the language of representation and information management) is a spliced link between the "natural" and the information environment.

PECULIARITIES OF SETTING THE VALUE OF THE METRIC APPLICABLE TO IDENTIFY THE SIMILARITY OF VESSEL ROUTES IN THE LIGHTING SYSTEM

The information component of the modern model of border protection in the maritime area is implemented using the integrated information and telecommunication system of the Marine Guard "Gart-12". The use of this system allows to obtain information about the current position of ships, port of departure and port of destination, type of cargo and other additional data. When choosing a vessel in the surface lighting system, it is possible to view the previous points of its route, obtained at certain discrete moments of time. The latter is necessary to establish possible signs of violation of the rules of the border regime by violators of border legislation. In this case, the visualization of the route is carried out using a linear approximation, and a possible violation of the rules of the border regime is established by comparing the route of an individual vessel and a cluster of routes connecting the departure and destination of the vessel. However, the use of linear approximation in the formation of a continuous approximation route of the vessel is questionable and unconfirmed. The influence of the type of approximation in the construction of a continuous route of the vessel through a set of discrete points of the vessel's location at fixed moments of time on the value of the metric used to establish the similarity of the route of two different vessels is investigated. The study involved: the formalization of the studied problem; analysis of the possibility of using linear, piecewise-square approximation, approximation using Lagrange interpolation polynomial and Newton's interpolation polynomial, as well as spline interpolation for its solution; calculation of metrics to establish the degree of similarity of ship routes; testing the hypothesis about the feasibility of applying a linear approximation based on a comparison of the results using different approximation methods. Software-algorithmic implementation of the solution of the researched problem, carried out by the authors, allows to automate the process of hypothesis testing and is the basis for further study of the influence of the type of approximation on the shape of the ship route cluster.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE METHOD OF ADAPTIVE SELF-DIAGNOSIS ON THE PROCESS OF PREVENTING THE CONSEQUENCES OF MODULE FAILURES ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEM

The study continues the properties of functional stability. Functional stability means the property of an information system to maintain its functioning, possibly with a decrease in quality, for a specified time under the influence of external and internal destabilizing factors. External and internal destabilizing factors are failures, failures of system modules, mechanical damage, thermal effects, errors of service personnel. The main stages of ensuring functional stability are the detection of the module that failed in the control, diagnosing the module that failed and the restoration of the information system of the enterprise. The peculiarity of enterprise information systems is that they must function autonomously. With their help, the systems can increase the productivity of all production centers while reducing the number of people employed in production and significantly reducing the share of manual labor. The paper investigates how, based on the functional dependence of failure probability on a certain probability value at different values, the probability of control error of the second kind can determine the recommended interval of the result, which will provide, given the intensity of readiness control allowable failure probability. It is illustrated how at a given intensity of the result it is possible to determine such an intensity of readiness control at which the probability of skipping will not exceed the maximum allowable value. It is shown that we can talk about the weak dependence of the probability of skipping on the control error of the second kind, which means that the achievement of a given control reliability is based on the intensity of readiness control and less depends on the reliability of individual basic checks. For the case when in the intervals between the issuance of the result the system checks the readiness of the modules is randomly described the method of calculating the probability of skipping.