scholarly journals General of the Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic Oleksandr Pylkevych (“camp” period of life and activity in Poland, 1921-1922)

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-177
Author(s):  
Ihor Sribnyak ◽  
Maryna Paliienko
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Military Duty ◽  
Military Commanders ◽  
Business Relations

The article analyses the last period of life and activity of the head of the Separate Corps of Border Guards General O. Pylkevych during the internment of the Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in camps in Poland (1921–1922). Being in various command positions, O. Pylkevych always remained true to himself and his own principles – in relation to subordinates he was consistently demanding and unyielding, while adhering to the requirements of military statutes. O. Pylkevych believed that one of the basic requirements during military service is the discipline of officers and Cossacks, their observance of subordination, their conscientious execution of all orders of direct commanders and senior military commanders. It is necessary to emphasize the sincere patriotism of O. Pylkevych and his complete devotion to the ideas of the UPR – he made every effort to unite the nationally conscious core of the Ukrainian army, supporting the idea of creating a community of officers as an additional tool to influence the demoralized part of the camp. The general also took care of the development of public centres designed to intensify cultural and educational work in the ranks of the interned troops of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. But the general did not always have enough tact and diplomacy in communicating with certain representatives of the Polish military authorities in the camps, and his excessive categoricalness sometimes caused disapproval among some of the top officials of the UPR Army. As a result of O. Pylkevych’s inability to build business relations with the Polish camp authorities, he was twice removed from the post of head of the internee groups in Lancut. At the same time, it is necessary to emphasize the expressive patriotism of O. Pylkevych – he made every effort to unite the nationally conscious core of the Ukrainian army in the camps, supporting the idea of creating a community of officers as an additional tool to influence the demoralized part of the camp. The general also took care of the development of public centres designed to intensify cultural and educational work in the ranks of the interned troops of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. Throughout his stay in the camps, O. Pylkevych was an example of conscientious performance of military duty, subordinating his life to the interests of the interned Ukrainian army.

scholarly journals Stosunek społeczeństwa polskiego i mniejszości narodowych do obowiązku służby wojskowej w czasie wojny z Rosją bolszewicką (luty 1919 – listopad 1920)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-79
Author(s):  
Leszek Kania
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
National Minority ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Military Duty ◽  
War For Independence ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Negative Phenomena

The article is devoted to the protection of the combat capability of the Polish Army front troops from negative phenomena lowering their morale and discipline during the war with Bolshevik Russia in 1919–1921, and the attitudes of the Polish society and national minorities towards fulfilling their military service. After regaining independence, the war for independence and eastern borders had to be fought with a traditionally aggressive neighbor, Bolshevik Russia, which wanted to take advantage of the limited capabilities of a country ruined by wars, the enormous internal difficulties of a state united from three partitioned districts, the apparent attractiveness of the Bolshevik ideology and the multi-ethnicity of the society, which to some extent became susceptible to the populist slogans of the invader. During this war, the Polish Army was troubled by desertion of soldiers from the battle line and by mass evasion of military duty by men with a national minority background. Units fighting at the front were agitated by the propaganda apparatus of the Red Army, whose intention was a moral decay of the Polish Army.

scholarly journals PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF S.AMANZOLOV OV DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Oskembay ◽  
◽  
F.K. Kabdrakhmanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
The Military

The article provides an assessment of the patriotic education of S. Amanzholov's soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. A comprehensive analysis of S. Amanzholov's activities as a political leader is presented. The article provides new data on the use of heroic deeds of Kazakh batyrs by scientists to raise the military spirit of soldiers. During the Great Patriotic War, patriotism became the most important value in Soviet society. Selfless devotion to their Motherland manifested itself among millions of Soviet citizens and became a source of unprecedented mass heroism. From February 1942 to June 1946 S. Amanzholov was on active military service in the ranks of the Soviet Army. He conducted political and educational work among soldiers of non-Russian nationality, published in the Kazakh language the "Notebook of the Red Army Agitator" and leaflets about the heroes of the Soviet Union.

Some Military Aspects of the Aegean in the Late Fifteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries B.C.

1984 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 49-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Driessen ◽  
Colin MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Lower Rank ◽  
Military Commanders ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
The Military ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Linear B

Part 1 (Driessen) discusses the evidence in the Linear B tablets for a military organization and the use of mercenaries at Mycenaean Knossos. First, the Pylian evidence for foreign troops is discussed. At Knossos, there is also evidence for relatively large groups of men who may be of non-Cretan origin in the Linear B tablets. It is asked whether these may be foreigners, as in the Pylian tablets, who rendered military service in return for fiefs of land. It is suggested that eqeta were military commanders responsible for groups of men and specific geographical areas. Keseno are identified as ‘foreign warriors’ who were of lower rank than eqeta, namely mercenaries in the service of the Mycenaean wanaka of Knossos.Part 2 (Macdonald) reviews the latest evidence for warrior burials in LM II–IIIA2. The term is confined to burials with swords, since they are more likely to have had a purely military function as well as being the weapon of prestige. The evidence for a major Knossian workshop which produced the finest ‘horned’ and ‘cruciform’ swords and one-piece spearheads is discussed. An examination of the different Knossian cemeteries leads to the possible identification of traditional Minoan burial grounds on Upper Gypsadhes and at Mavro Spelio, while the Zapher Papoura and Sellopoulo cemeteries may be those of the LM IIIA Mycenaean community. The concept of a military aristocracy is reviewed, and rejected in favour of an interpretation which sees the Knossian warrior burials as representing ‘officers’ of different ranks in the Palace military organization drawn from different levels of society. Finally, it is proposed that the lack of uniformity of sword-types and the absence of warrior burials in the Knossos area after LM IIIA2, represent the demise of the Knossian workshop and the end of the military organization.

scholarly journals Dynamics of moral judgments in young soldiers during the period of military service

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Oshevskiy ◽  
M.S. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
New Recruits ◽  
The Military ◽  
Intensive Development

We have conducted an empirical study of the dynamics of the level of moral judgments in the military. Two groups of Missile Defense Force soldiers present the sample: preparing for demobilization (n=30) and new recruits (n=25). As the methods we used specially developed semi-structured interview modeling the situation of moral choice, and the questionnaire in order to assess the socio-psychological characteristics of the military and their attitude to service. The young soldiers have a positive trend in the development of moral judgments and a greater differentiation in the estimates. It is shown that the old-timers in comparison with newcomers have intensive development of group-oriented and prosocial moral reasoning. It presumably connected with successful adaptation to military service, following the manual, the ability to cope with aggressive impulses, flexibility and value assessments in decision-making. It is noted that educational work with young recruits should include measures to increase group cohesion in the army.

scholarly journals Once Again on the Chronology of the As People’s Entry into Mongol Service

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-519
Author(s):  
Eduard V. Kaziev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Yuan Dynasty ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Military Commanders ◽  
Official History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mongol Empire ◽  
The Yuan Dynasty

Research objectives: To ascertain the time and circumstances of the As people’s incorporation into the service of the Great Mongol Qa’ans. Research materials: Biographies of the As military commanders presented in the official History of the Yüan dynasty (the main source), the narratives of John of Plano Carpini and William of Rubruck, the chronicles of Vardan Areveltsi, Kirakos Gandzaketsi, and Grigor Aknertsi, Rashid al-Din’s Compendium of Chronicles, the Hypatian Codex, notes of Chinese officials Peng Da-ya and Xu Ting on the Mongols. Results and novelty of the research: The paper clarifies one aspect of the author’s previous research of the problem under consideration. It partially refutes a prior conclusion that the As entried into the Mongols’ military service only during the Western campaign. On the contrary, this paper substantiates the traditional assertion that the As joined Mongol service during the reign of Möngke Qa’an. Besides, it indicates that this argument finds its substantiation in the information found in the As military commanders’ biographies in the History of Yuan which are usually overlooked on this issue. The assumption is also put forward and argued that the enthronement of the rulers of Alania took place in the Caucasus, and they did not need to go to the capital of the Mongol Empire for this purpose. In addition, it is noted that in the related sources, analyzed by the author in both papers on this topic, there is no information that would allow for asserting or suggesting the possibility of the arrival of the As to serve in Mongolia and China after the beginning of the process of the actual division of the Empire into independent uluses following the death of Möngke Qa’an in 1259.

scholarly journals POLITICAL EDUCATIONAL WORK AND OTHER MEASURES TO PREPARE FOR THE CONSCRIPTION OF CITIZENS LIABLE FOR MILITARY SERVICE IN 1943-1944 (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM THE ULYANOVSK REGION)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1791-1797
Author(s):  
К.В. КИСЕЛЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region

Автором статьи, на архивных документах которые впервые вводятся в научный оборот, рассматривается Призывная компания по Ульяновской области в 1943-1944 гг. которая проходила на среднем уровне. Несмотря на всю полноту проводимых мероприятий, существовали определенные проблемы по этому виду подготовки. Предпринята попытка количественного и качественного анализа призывной компании в годы войны. Призываемые, через военкоматы, на службу в Красную Армию не все соответствовали требуемым здоровьем и грамотностью. Большую работу по подготовки к призыву проводили школы, однако существовали некоторые проблемы. Например, вся спортивно-массовая работа проходила в основном на улице, что не давало возможности судить о комплексной проводимой военно-физкультурной подготовке. В зимний период проводилась в основном только лыжная подготовка. Но, тем не менее, в тяжелых материально-технических и кадровых условиях школы осуществляли необходимую подготовку не только в учебном плане, но и военно-физкультурном воспитании подрастающего поколения. Беседы о Красной Армии с учащимися проводились систематически. С большим интересом учащиеся относились к беседам о событиях Великой Отечественной войны и героическом прошлом советского народа. Что касается организации политико-воспитательной работы в учебных заведениях, то здесь можно было выделить следующее. В большинстве школ были организованы строевые подразделения из учащихся.

The Spectre of a Second Chilembwe: Government, Missions, and Social Control in Wartime Northern Rhodesia, 1914–18

1990 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Yorke
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Dutch Reformed ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dutch Reformed Church

The 1915 Chilembwe Rising in Nyasaland had important political repercussions in the neighbouring colonial territory of Northern Rhodesia, where fears were raised among the Administration about the activities of African school teachers attached to the thirteen mission denominations then operating in the territory. These anxieties were heightened for the understaffed and poorly-financed British South Africa Company administration by the impact of the war-time conscription of Africans and the additional demands made by war-time conditions upon the resources of the Company. Reports of anti-war activities by African teachers attached to the Dutch Reformed Church in the East Luangwa District convinced both the Northern Rhodesian and the imperial authorities of the imperative need to strictly regulate the activities of its black mission-educated elite. Suspected dissident teachers were arrested, while others were diverted into military service where their activities could be more closely supervised. With the 1918 Native Schools Proclamation, the Administration laid down strict regulations for the appointment and employment of African mission teachers. The proclamation aroused the vehement opposition of the mission societies who, confronted by war-time European staff shortages, had come to rely heavily upon their African teachers to maintain their educational work. The emergence in late 1918 of the patently anti-colonial Watch Tower movement, which incorporated many African mission employees within its leadership, weakened the opposition of the missions, and served to consolidate the administration's perception of the African teachers as a dangerous subversive force. Strong measures were implemented by the administration soon after the end of the war, with large numbers of Watch Tower adherents being arrested and detained.

Historical and criminological analysis of official crime among the personnel of the NKVD in 1941–1945 (based on the materials of the Far Eastern region)

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Aleksander V. Zhadan
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Far East ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
Official Crime ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
First Time

. On the basis of documentary sources, most of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the problem of the commission of malfeasance by officers of the NKVD of the Far East in the period 1941–1945 is analyzed. The relevance and practical signific-ance of the study is due to the valuable historical experience that was gained by the law enforce-ment system of the state in the emergency conditions of wartime, including in the field of ensuring discipline and legality. The conclusion is substantiated that among the causes and conditions of official criminality in the NKVD bodies during the war years, the shortage of high-quality person-nel and the growing deterioration of the material situation of personnel, together with shortcom-ings in the systems of professional training, educational work and ensuring their own security, were of decisive importance. Among the criminological features of official criminality of this period, the following are noted: an increase in the number of crimes related to the illegal release of citizens from military service and other restrictions and obligations imposed by law; the specificity of the subject of criminal encroachments; high latency.

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