Historical and criminological analysis of official crime among the personnel of the NKVD in 1941–1945 (based on the materials of the Far Eastern region)

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Aleksander V. Zhadan
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Far East ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
Official Crime ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
First Time

. On the basis of documentary sources, most of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the problem of the commission of malfeasance by officers of the NKVD of the Far East in the period 1941–1945 is analyzed. The relevance and practical signific-ance of the study is due to the valuable historical experience that was gained by the law enforce-ment system of the state in the emergency conditions of wartime, including in the field of ensuring discipline and legality. The conclusion is substantiated that among the causes and conditions of official criminality in the NKVD bodies during the war years, the shortage of high-quality person-nel and the growing deterioration of the material situation of personnel, together with shortcom-ings in the systems of professional training, educational work and ensuring their own security, were of decisive importance. Among the criminological features of official criminality of this period, the following are noted: an increase in the number of crimes related to the illegal release of citizens from military service and other restrictions and obligations imposed by law; the specificity of the subject of criminal encroachments; high latency.

scholarly journals The NKVD of the Far East in the Fight Against Child Homelessness and Neglect (1941–1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Zhadan Alexander V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Far East ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Far Eastern

The problem of child homelessness and neglect in the USSR became one of the grave socio-economic consequences of the Great Patriotic war. These phenomena, instilling in children the skills of antisocial behavior, contribute to the criminalization of the younger generation, the degradation of future labor resources. This publication, based on documentary sources, a significant part of which is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, aims to analyze and summarize the historical experience of the NKVD of the Far Eastern region in the fight against homelessness and neglect in wartime conditions. The author solves the following problems: analysis of factors contributing to the sharp increase in the phenomena under consideration during the war in the Far East; characteristics of organizational forms and methods used by the NKVD in order to combat child homelessness and neglect; research of the reasons that negatively affected the effectiveness of the internal affairs bodies in this direction. The research uses the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency, as well as general scientific and special methods of historical science. As a result of the study, it is concluded that the Far Eastern NKVD bodies were able to achieve significant success by the end of 1945 in countering homelessness, neglect and child crime, however, for a number of objective reasons, they were not able to completely neutralize the negative impact of these phenomena on the Far Eastern society, which affected the level of its criminalization in subsequent years. Organizational forms and methods of combating child homelessness and neglect evolved during the war years, responding to the aggravation of the nature of the problem. In the organizational structure of the NKVD bodies, such elements as departments for combating child homelessness and neglect, children’s rooms of the police, labor educational colonies for minors appeared; interaction with the active public of the region was intensified. Keywords: Far East; children’s police rooms, NKVD receivers and distributors; NKVD bodies, World War II; homelessness and neglect

scholarly journals Organization and Activity of NKVD Labor Educational Colonies for Minors in Khabarovsk Region in 1943–1945

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-421
Author(s):  
A. V. Zhadan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Process ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Industrial Training ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
Post War ◽  
Far Eastern

The article, based on documentary sources, the main part of which is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, aims to analyze and summarize the historical experience of labor educational colonies for minors of the NKVD on the territory of the Khabarovsk territory in wartime (taking into account the events of the Soviet-Japanese war) and in the first post-war months of 1945. Within the framework of this goal, the author sets the following tasks: to specify the social significance of these institutions in relation to wartime conditions; describe the main directions of their activities (educational process and industrial training); establish the causes and nature of the problems that accompanied the activities of educational colonies at the time under review. The publication concludes that being essentially correctional and educational institutions, labor educational colonies for minors performed humanitarian, criminological, preventive, and socio-economic functions during the study period. The main problems in the activity of the colonies, which affected the material and everyday aspects of the life of pupils, the quality of educational work and the educational process, were the lack of material resources and experienced, qualified personnel. It is noted that the functioning of these institutions in the Khabarovsk territory was fully affected by the socio-economic specifics of the far Eastern region with a characteristic shortage of human resources, a relatively weak economic base, an undeveloped infrastructure and a saturation of penitentiary institutions. The author gives a positive assessment of the role of the leadership of the NKVD administration in the Khabarovsk territory in strengthening the discipline of the colony staff, suppressing illegal actions against pupils, creating favorable material and living conditions, and improving the educational and upbringing process.

State strategy for the accelerated development of the electric power industry in the Far East of the USSR (1964—1991): historical experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Aleksey Maklyukov
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Far East ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
The Far East ◽  
State Strategy ◽  
Far Eastern

The article examines the historical aspects of the formation and implementation of the state strategy for the accelerated growth of the electric power industry in the Far East of the USSR in 1964—1991. The problems of power supply of the Far Eastern region of the country are analyzed, programs for the development of the regional electric power industry are considered, the difficulties of their implementation are revealed, structural changes in the industry and the results of electrification of the region are characterized. The author notes that the problems of regional energy supply had not been solved until the end of the Soviet era. The Far Eastern electric power industry continued to be a costly and lagging industry, slowing down the socio-economic development of the region.

STECCHERINUM AURANTILAETUM (CORNER) BERNICCHIA ET GORJÓN (BASIDIOMYCOTA) IN THE FAR EAST OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Bukharova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Far East ◽  
Original Description ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
First Time

Steccherinum aurantilaetum is a predominantly East Asian polyporoid fungus from the Steccherinaceae. It was first discovered in the Krasnoarmeisky District of the Primorye and in the Khabarovsk Territory. Previously, it was known only in the «Kedrovaya Pad» Nature Reserve in the Primorye and in the «Bastak» Nature Reserve in the Jewish Autonomous Region (for the territory of Russia). An original description of the species based on Far Eastern material is given, and a map of the general distribution of S. aurantilaetum is presented for the first time.

The Russian Far East: from a depressed region to the territory of the future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Nikolaychuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Future ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

The monograph presents the search for solutions to the problems of the Far Eastern region. The proximity of China and the remoteness from the center of Russia make us look for effective measures to overcome the problems of settling the Far East in the context of sustainable economic development of modern Russia. The paper analyzes the problems of the Far East: in industry, agriculture, forestry, energy problems, environmental problems, and provides recommendations for their solution. Considerable attention is paid to migration problems. The experience of China is studied through the prism of bilateral cooperation with Russia. It is intended for students, masters, postgraduates, researchers dealing with issues of macroeconomic regulation and forecasting.

scholarly journals New practices of literature distribution for children and youth in Siberia and the Far East

Bibliosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
O. N. Alshevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Book Fairs ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
Far Eastern

The article describes the directions of distribution of books for children in the Eastern regions of Russia that have appeared in the last decade. Based on a combination of landscape-reconstructing principles, surveys, and comparative typological analysis, the article presents data that expand previously studied aspects of the functioning of the main channels for the sale of books for children in the Siberian-Far Eastern region. It is shown that books for children are the largest segment of the Russian book market, which has been growing since 2008. At the regional level, they are widely presented in all book distribution channels: bookselling networks and independent stores; online stores; book departments of supermarkets (non-core retail); kiosks and stalls; book fairs. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current trends in the distribution of books for children in the region. Positive trends typical for the children book market in the Siberian-far Eastern region are identified. They are: the activity of children book supermarkets, the appearance of independent small stores of club-backstage format, the organization of specialized children Internet projects; increasing the importance of regional book exhibitions, fairs, festivals and holidays in the distribution of books for children; projects support by major Russian patrons. The significance of the study of new practices for the distribution of literature for children and youth in the region is determined by their influence on the formation of a new conceptual model for the popularization of reading, based on the idea of culture as a powerful lever of socio-economic development of territories.

Description of the larva of Cinygmula levanidovi Tshernova & Belov, 1982(Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) with redescription of the male adult from the Russian Far East

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4772 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-378
Author(s):  
TATIANA M. TIUNOVA
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Gill Filament ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Similar Shape ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
The One ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Far East

The larvae, male and female imagines, and eggs of Cinygmula levanidovi Tshernova & Belov 1982 are described based on reared specimens from the Russian Far East. The larvae, female imago and eggs are described and illustrated for the first time. The larva of C. levanidovi is similar to the one of C. hirasana Imanishi, 1935 and C. kurenzovi (Bajkova, 1965). However, it can be distinguished from these species and from all other Far Eastern Cinygmula by the shape of its tergalius I, which has a heart-shape and bears a single short gill filament. Tergalius I of C. hirasana and C. kurenzovi possess a similar shape, but there are no gill filaments on the first and the other tergalii. 

A revision of the subfamily Araeopteroninae Fibiger, 2005 in the Russian Far East and neighbouring countries with a description of four new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1891 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
MICHAEL FIBIGER ◽  
VLADIMIR KONONENKO
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Eastern Species ◽  
The Russian Far East

The subfamily Araeopteroninae Fibiger, 2005 from the Russian Far East and neighbouring countries is revised. Six species occur in Russia, three of which are new: A. ussurica sp. n., A. makikoae sp. n. and A. patella sp. n.; A. fragmenta and A. nebulosa are reported for the first time for Russia. In South Korea five species occur, two of which are new: A. patella sp. n. and A. koreana sp. n. Three species, A. amoena, A. nebulosa, and A. fragmenta are reported for the first time from China. The formerly described Far Eastern species (A. amoena, A. nebulosa, A. fragmenta and A. flaccida) are redescribed based on morphological characters. Adultss of all species from northern East Asia treated in the article are illustrated in color with their male and female genitalia. Distribution maps of the species in the Russian Far East are presented, along with an alphabetic checklist of 36 described species.

FAR EASTERN POLICY OF THE POST-SOVIET RUSSIA IN THE END OF THE XX CENTURY AND THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY: CONCEPTS, EXPERT OPINIONS AND PUBLICISTS’ VIEWPOINTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3/1) ◽  
pp. 30-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. VASHCHUK
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Government ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Early 21St Century

Investigation of Russia’s turnabout to the East is a bright feature of  the national humanitarian space of the early 21st century.  Publications on this topic include the works of economists,  geographers, sociologists and historians. It contains various  viewpoints on the part that the Far Eastern region played in the  social and economic development of Russia, as well as different  genres (varying from publicism to scientific research), and expert  assessments and recommendations to the government. The article  deals with historiographic review of the emerging scientific trend and complements it with the methodology of social and political  history. Humanitarians are considered to be part of the transformed  “society-government” system. The analytics covers a variety of  opinions on the two transformation stages of the post-Soviet history: the Far East during the 1990s and the first fifteen years of the 21st  century. That allows tracing the interrelation between the regional  policy and the intellectuals’ reflection on it. The author comes to the  following conclusion: in 1990s speaking about the Far Eastern policy the experts’ society is rather unanimous in characterizing the  consequences of the reforms as disastrous; but regarding the  “turnabout to the East” the opinions become more varied; optimistic  and pessimistic experts present extreme poles. The role of the Far  East the Russian history of the early 21st century is rather  controversial: on the one hand the region is a kind of problem for  the Centre, and on the other hand, active development of the east is an essential part of the new stage in the development of Russia.

AMBIVALENCE OF SOCIAL STIGMATIZATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
Svetlana Turkulets ◽  
Aleksei Turkuletc Turkuletc ◽  
Evgenia Listopadova ◽  
Irina Gareeva ◽  
Alexandr Slesarev
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Russian Far East

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the article is to study the characteristics of the stigmatization process of modern youth in the Russian Far East. Special attention is paid to living conditions in the Russian Far East, noting that the majority of the population in the Far Eastern region and, above all, young people, are in a situation of social inequality and marginality in relation to the rest of Russians. Many young people associate their life strategies with leaving the territory of the Far East of Russia. Methodology: At the first stage of the study, the method of participant observation was used, which provided primary information about the impact of stigma on the self-identification of young people. At the empirical level of research, such sociological methods as document analysis, sociological surveys in the form of questioning and interviewing were applied. A sociological survey was conducted as a pilot study of the problems of stigmatization among high school and university students of the cities of Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Main findings of this article: Stigma is manifested in its own way in different times and in different communities, it is historically and socioculturally specific. Territorial stigma possesses signs of ambivalence, on the one hand, it has a negative effect on the socialization and self-identification process of young people in the Russian Far East, but on the other hand, it can act as an incentive for young people to make an active and conscious choice of their life strategy. Applications of this study: The findings can be used in the implementation of youth policy in the Far Eastern Federal District by state and local authorities in order to prevent the outflow of young people from the region. The main results of the study can be useful for use in the educational process in such disciplines as sociology, political science, regional studies, as well as for the further study of the problems of social stigmatization. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty and significance of the study lie in the fact that in Russian sociology practically no attention is paid to the problems of territorial stigmatization. The theoretical conclusions were obtained on the basis of the original sociological research conducted by the authors of the article in the cities of the Far Eastern region of Russia. The results provided new knowledge of both territorial stigmatization and social stigmatization in general. The novelty of the conducted study lies in the actualization of the problem of social stigmatization of Russian youth living in the Far Eastern region remote from the center of Russia.

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