CLASSIFICATION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES INTO THE WORLD ECONOMY

2017 ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Iu. Khvatov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The basic principles that guide the United Nations to allocate specific groups of countries requiring special attention from the international community to the problems of their sustainable development are described. The difference in the scale and structure of aid to the least developed countries; landlocked developing countries; small island developing countries and heavily indebted poor countries is analyzed. The specificity of the approach of the World Trade Organization to the definition of countries with preferential access to the markets and the countries with differential treatment regime is revealed. The criteria that guided the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to identify those developing countries which have the right of access to preferential lending conditions are analyzed. It is proposed to divide all the developing countries on: high-income emerging economies; middle-income frontier economies and least developed countries.

IMPACT OF NATIONAL DISASTER COVID-19, INDONESIA TOWARDS ECONOMIC RECESSION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
endang naryono
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Disaster

Covid-19 or the corona virus is a virus that has become a disaster and a global humanitarian disaster began in December 2019 in Wuhan province in China, April 2020 the spread of the corona virus has spread throughout the world making the greatest humanitarian disaster in the history of human civilization after the war world II, Already tens of thousands of people have died, millions of people have been infected with the conona virus from poor countries, developing countries to developed countries overwhelmed by this virus outbreak. Increasingly, the spread follows a series of measurements while patients who recover recover from a series of counts so that this epidemic becomes a very frightening disaster plus there is no drug or vaccine for this corona virus yet found, so that all countries implement strategies to reduce this spread from social distancing, phycal distancing to with a city or country lockdown.

Human Rights, Poverty Reduction, Opportunities, and the Multinational Enterprise

2021 ◽  
pp. 887-908
Author(s):  
Scott A. Hipsher
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Multinational Enterprise ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Single Set

There is near universal agreement the human rights of all individuals should be respected. Yet in practice, there are differences of opinions over the universality and application of human rights in specific situations. Instead of advocating excessive scrutiny and regulation of human rights based on a single set of values, thus discouraging FDI in the least developed countries of the world; it is argued multinational enterprises can have the most positive impact on human rights by actively seeking out opportunities to operate in the areas of the world most affected by poverty. By concentrating on doing what the private sector does best, creating livelihood and purchasing options which individuals have the right to choose or reject, the private section can have a significant impact on creating wealth and reducing poverty.

scholarly journals How Does the Global Economy Crisis Influence in Managing Investment in Indonesia

The Winners ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Enggal Sriwardiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Subprime Mortgage ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Mortgage Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Liquidity Crisis ◽  
Growing Economy

July 2007 is the beginning of the world’s subprime mortgage crisis. Since then, the world’s liquidity crisis occurred and never found any solution until now. The liquidity crisis began to spread from developed countries to poor countries, developing countries and emerging markets with two channels. This contagious crisis made growing economy and emerging economy fell. No country in the world survived, including Indonesia. This paper discussed the management of investments in Indonesia. It started from the spread of global crisis to Indonesia and its impact on investment in Indonesia. Then, we discussed the government's efforts to encourage investment. The last was the view of the investment for the next three years (2010-2014)

Internet Use around the World: An Empirical Assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-699
Author(s):  
Minh Dao
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Computer Access ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Internet Application ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Abstract This paper empirically assesses the effect of the determinants of Internet use, using several samples of both developed and developing countries. Based on a sample of 23 low-income economies in 2015, we find that Internet use depends upon computer access. Using a sample of 38 lower middle-income countries we find that Internet use depends upon Internet quality and Internet affordability. Using a sample of 41 upper middle-income countries, we find that computer access and Internet affordability influence Internet use. From a sample of 45 high-income countries, we are able to show that computer access, Internet quality, and affordability do affect Internet use. Using a sample of thirty oecd countries, we find that Internet use depends upon computer access and Internet quality. When a sample of 150 developing and developed countries is used, results show that Internet use is influenced by computer access, Internet quality, Internet affordability, and Internet application.

scholarly journals The role of coalitions at international tariff negotiations: a CGE perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Freund
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
The World ◽  
Equity Effects ◽  
Empirical Implications

AbstractDeveloping countries coalitions form an integral part of tariff negotiations that take place under the aegis of the World Trade Organization. While there was only a single coalition in the 70s, their number increased to 31 in the year 2005. Despite the apparent proliferation of coalitions in tariff negotiations, little research on their theoretical and empirical implications has been produced. In particular, we lack an understanding of efficiency and equity effects of coalitions. By exploring this equity-efficiency nexus, the study finds that developing countries coalitions like the G-90 and the Least Developed Countries Group – while benefiting member countries – lead to less efficiency and less equity overall. Forming the Cairns Group, however, leads to a more efficient and equal distribution of the gains from trade.

scholarly journals Matching Students’ Dominant Intelligences with their Fields of Specialization: Did Students Select the Right Specialization?

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-73
Author(s):  
Faten Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Advocacy Organizations ◽  
Academic Organizations ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

Accreditation is a fundamental part in primary healthcare (PHC) systems. The purpose behind this paper is to review the literature and track down the most appropriate PHC accreditation models and norms, around the world, and to set up a complete and fair outline from looking at these models. Finding that it is less likely to be independent, and more likely to be associated with government for the accreditation programs in developing countries, where they are distinguishable from those of developed countries, the differences between countries and agencies relate to the inclusion of patients/users, managers, patient or advocacy organizations, academic organizations and professional colleges. This review has identified that the most potential comprehensive reference program or model for the development of nation accreditation programs is the JCAHO program.

The Harms of Trade III

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Right ◽  
Development Prospects

This chapter concludes our enquiry into the harms of trade. It addresses the ethical implications of the fact that trade can harm individuals by destroying jobs and undermining cultural distinctiveness. It argues that, under certain conditions, concerns about socio-economic losses and cultural degradation can justify trade restrictions. However, it also argues that developed countries may restrict trade only on the condition that the restrictions they impose do not reduce the development prospects of poor countries. Towards the end of the chapter, the right of developing countries to restrict trade with developed countries is defended.

scholarly journals REFUGEES AS A FACTOR OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN HOST COUNTRIES OF MIGRATION

2016 ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
R. Stakanov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference

The article analyses refugee impact on economic development of host countries. About two-thirds of all international migrants reside in 20 countries. Total number of refugees in the world was estimated at 19.5 million people in 2014, the number of refugees reached the highest level since World War II. Unlike the voluntary migration, the vast majority of refugees head towards developing countries. It must be stressed that forced migration flows generate significant negative political and economic consequences for the world as a whole. Forced migrants tend to come to those regions where there are no significant employment opportunities. The assumption that receiving a large number of migrants by developed countries may cause unemployment or reduce wages or leads to a significant increase in the cost of public finances due to the rise in social payments is largely unconfirmed. Forced migration being poorly guided, as it is an intrinsic feature of today's stage, creates significant negative externalities to neighbouring regions and the world at large. There is a sizeable difference between forced and voluntary migration for their economic and political consequences. In terms of economic prospects, the difference between forced and voluntary migration should disappear over time. The paper studied the mismatch of supply and demand for certain skills on the labour market that is much more of a problem for developing countries because they receive large volumes of refugees in relation to the total population of their countries and have far fewer opportunities for leveling the imbalance in the economy by attracting additional amount of capital.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Right to Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Mukherjee ◽  
Faizan Mustafa ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Climate Change Negotiations ◽  
Right To Development ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
The Right

The Right to Development is a relatively new right in human rights law. Although its roots may be traced to pre-world war era, Right to Development took concrete shape with the passing of the UN Declaration on the Right to Development in 1986. Some renowned academic institutions in India are making recent efforts to make the “Right to Development” a Fundamental Human Right. Climate change poses a direct threat to human rights of people, especially in tropically situated countries of the south (including India), which are coincidentally home to a large number of vulnerable/marginalized people who are considerably poor to concern themselves with issues such as climate change. Due to mounting pressure from least developed countries (LDCs) and small island developing countries (SIDSs), international community has lately shown greater interest in establishing a direct link between climate change and human rights. This interest may be a reaction to the recurrent failures in reaching a consensus in the climate change negotiations through mechanical Conference of Parties (COPs). Similar to a bottom-up approach that seems to have worked well for the Paris agreement, it was believed by experts that linking human rights to climate change would shake the conscience of the reluctant parties to act expeditiously. The importance of a human rights–based approach to climate change will be highlighted in the light of two recent developments in the climate change discourse: First, the recognition by scientists of several extreme disaster as climate change events directly violating the human rights of the vulnerable; second, the dilution of the differentiation created between developing and developed nations by the Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) principle in the recent climate change agreements. This paper seeks to establish the efficacy of the human Right to Development (through tools such as Greenhouse Development Rights) in effectuating the third world approaches to the issue of climate change in the global south.

scholarly journals THE INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES IN ADAPTATION TO AND MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE: AN ETHICAL MANDATE

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
M. D. Fite
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Regime ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Global Distributive Justice ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

This article asserts three propositions. First, climate change and/or global warming has (and will continue to have) qualitative differences in its nature and impact on rich and poor countries, thus demonstrating the imperative of adaptation to and mitigation of its effects. Second, the current international environmental regime is insufficient for sensible global distributive justice. What is more, in the absence of an adequate regime the world continues to ignore fundamental ethical issues and the immediate needs of climate-vulnerable countries. Third, the effective preservation of the environment necessitates that developed countries bear the (ethical) responsibility for meeting the costs associated with climate change, and urgently and unremittingly discharge their obligation to assist developing and/or least developed countries in adapting to and mitigating the impact of global warming.

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