scholarly journals Social and Cultural Context of the Dramatic Text: Problems of Reproduction (based on the Ukrainian and Russian translations of Williams Tennesse’s play «The Glass Menagerie»)

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
N. Pasenchuk
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
English Language ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Dramatic Text ◽  
Special Approach ◽  
Glass Menagerie ◽  
The Glass Menagerie

The article is devoted to the problem of translation of the drama. The article focuses on revealing peculiar linguistic and stylistic features of the drama. The research has been done on the case study of Russian and Ukrainian translation variants of the drama text by T.Williams «The Glass Menagerie». Basic methods of translation are investigated in the article. On the basis of comparative analysis the author investigates the problem of lexico-semantic transformations in translation of the drama. There has been proved that lexico-semantic transformations play an important role in the process of translation, providing the text with dynamics, enhancing expressivity, serving to enhance the image-expressive functions of a language. The units of different language levels, which help to verbalize cultural information of the source text, words with national and cultural semantic component have been considered. It was outlined that structural and functional peculiarities of each target language in regard to source English language and personality of translator have an impact on the reflection of the national and cultural colour of the source text. The task of the translator is to provide the reader with necessary explanations, since the transfer of the cultural and social specifics of the dramatic text requires a special approach from the translator in achieving the pragmatic adequacy of the translation. It is determined that the literal translation does not correspond to the adequacy of reproduction of the source text. The nationally marked means contribute to the emotional and expressive colour of the source text and emphasize the national colour. The adequate reproduction of stylistic means leads to the preservation of the original intention of the author. The dramatic text is a peculiar model of the socio-historical context of society. The main task of the translator is the reproduction of the national components of the model of another culture and preservation of national-historical context of the source text.

scholarly journals Lost in Translation: Culture-bound Lexical Items in English Subtitles of the Rap Songs by Indian Rapper ‘Badshah’ in Bollywood Movies from 2016-2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritika Sinha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
English Language ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Original Message ◽  
Lost In Translation

Subtitling, a subfield of translation studies has witnessed a recent upsurge in India. The rise of subtitling services can be attributed to the fact that the number of viewers from outside the country is increasing phenomenally, thanks to the global streaming platforms. Subtitling is an art; it involves translation of the language of the video to another language with an objective to retain the temper of the original message for the target audience. The subtitler is faced with the daunting task of preserving the idiom of the source text (ST) and the target text (TT). Since, the meaning in both source and target language is profoundly affected by the cultural context, it is important to undertake the practice of translation while respecting and reflecting cultural ethos of each language. This research aims to investigate the English subtitles of selected famous rap sequences by Indian rapper ‘Badshah’ in Bollywood songs released from 2016 to 2021. With an aim to assess the quality of translation of the selected song sequences, an analysis is made of the sematic peculiarities that are lost in translation from Hindi/Punjabi to English. The loss can be mainly attributed to Hindi and Punjabi cultural references or culture-bound terms which do not have a suitable equivalent lexical item in English language.

scholarly journals Translating culture: Matthee’s Kringe in ’n bos as a case in point

Literator ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
W. Cloete ◽  
M. Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
South African ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Global Context ◽  
African Context ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Language Text ◽  
Representation Of Time

The translation of “cultural identity” in a novel such as “Kringe in ’n bos” contributes towards the definition of a uniquely South African representation of time and space in the global context. When translation is studied as a product of its socio-historical context, the translator is faced with problems of translating ideology and cultural identity in literature. Realia constitute a particular challenge to the translator because, according to the definition, precise equivalents of these words do not exist in other languages, which could cause shifts in the target language text. This article considers the concept of translatability and concludes that, despite the problems encountered, an adequate and satisfactory German translation from the Afrikaans original should be possible. The question of translatability assumes an interesting dimension as the Afrikaans novel was translated into English by the author herself. The privileged position of author-translator granted Matthee a near-perfect understanding of the different layers of meaning and intention of the source text and eliminated the gap between the author and translator. However, one gains the impression that the German translator (Stege) resorted to transference as a strategy to avoid translation and it emerges that most instances of definite mistranslations are, indeed, attributable to Stege’s unfamiliarity with the South African context.

scholarly journals Der Heros und die starken Frauen

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-258
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hagedorn
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Latin Translation ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Source Text ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Intersectional Analysis ◽  
Greek Source

ZusammenfassungThis paper takes a critical look at how the first German translation of Homer – Simon Schaidenreisser’s Odyssea from the sixteenth century – deals with the identity-forming categories of gender and divinity. The shifts in power structures within these categories, which occur in the transcultural target language-oriented translation, are examined in an intersectional analysis. For this purpose, the translation is contrasted with the Latin translation of the Odyssey by Raphael Volaterranus (1534), Schaidenreisser’s direct source, as well as with Homer’s Greek source text. The subjects of this analysis are the two powerful, antagonistic, female divinities of the Odyssey: Circe and Calypso. The paper illustrates how the depiction of the goddesses is reshaped in the Early Modern cultural context of the translation and how power structures shift within the narrative, resulting in a loss of power and intersectional complexity for the goddesses and a re-evaluation of the narrative’s hero, Ulysses.

Impact of Language-Oriented Extracurricular Activities on Academic Achievement in Language Preparation Schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunus YILDIZ
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Preparatory Schools ◽  
Special Approach

English as a Foreign Language (EFL) requires learners’ exposure to what educators call the language skills: reading, speaking, writing and listening. Language teachers’ aim is to make students acquire language skills to ensure achievement both in oral and written communication.  Language teachers at Preparatory Schools try to do their best to teach those students who did not reach the level of target language skills that would enable them to study in that language. According to observations, the researcher came to conclusion that those students have difficulty reaching the proficiency level needed for study in the language at their departments for the following year need a special approach, additional to their curriculum studies. The idea was instead of giving abundant homework to students to be completed, it is better to draw their attention to English language-oriented extracurricular activities (ECAs). Via these activities students will use the language beyond the classroom, have sufficient real-life-like practice, but, on the other hand, be devoid of the stress typical for both classroom and first contacts with people not speaking one’s native language. This, hopefully, will also let students increase students’ level of language skills. The experimental research, in which 34 students of Ishik University (Iraq, Erbil) were involved, the idea was confirmed.

scholarly journals Creativity In The Use of Translation Microstrategies By Translation Students At The University of Bahrain

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Nuri Ageli
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
News Agency ◽  
Language Students ◽  
A Minor ◽  
University Of Bahrain ◽  
The University ◽  
Professional Translator

This study aims to examine University of Bahrain graduating translation students’ use of creative microstrategies in rendering into English a news text and compare it with the translation of a Bahrain News Agency professional translator. The study seeks to identify the students’ creative microstrategies based on the classification proposed by Anne Schjoldager’s‘ (2008) model of macrostrategies.  The participants were 15 English language students with a minor in translation who were expected to graduate in the semester during which the study was conducted. They were required to translate a news text from Arabic to English in order to reveal the creative microstrategies used  and then their performance was compared with that done by a professional translator employed by Bahrain News Agency (BNA)and published on its official website . The findings of the study have shown that translation students are inclined to focus more on the syntactic microstrategies rather than on the semantic and pragmatic ones when processing and rendering the source text into the target language. Unlike the professional translator, students' lack of negotiation with and deeper analysis of the text has deprived their performance to a certain extent from the  creativity required in translation and rendered it into a mechanical exercise.  

scholarly journals Cultural Dimensions of Poetry Translation

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Ildikó Pusztai-Varga
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Text Corpus ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Poetry Translation ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Language Text

Abstract The present research analyses Hungarian and English target-language translations of contemporary Finnish poems. The translation solutions of culturally-bound lexical elements are compared in both Finnish-Hungarian and Finnish-English translation directions. The analysis is carried out using a text corpus comprising Hungarian and English translations of Finnish poems published after 1950. The text corpus consists of 160 Finnish source poems and their 160 Hungarian and 160 English target-language translations. The objective of the research is to reveal the cultural aspects of the translation of poetry and to answer the question as to what types of translation solutions literary translators use when translating culturally-bound lexical elements in Finnish poems into Hungarian and English. Results show that English-language translators of contemporary Finnish poems more frequently use translation solutions which are less creative and do not stray far from the original source language text. Hungarian translators, on the other hand, are more courageous in deviating from the source text and adapting their translations to the target language. This can be explained by reference to the two translation contexts or as a result of genre-specific reasons.

scholarly journals The Nose-Bleed Syndrome: A Study on the Attitude of the College Students towards English Language Learning and Their Linguistic Self-Confidence in a Multi-Cultural Context

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mae C. Berowa
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
English Language ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Target Language ◽  
English Language Learning ◽  
State University ◽  
Job Interviews ◽  
Self Confidence

The expression “nose-bleed!” has become the most popular expression among Filipinos when asked to speak in English. In the Philippines, English is the most feared language. This fear is seen in classes where students feel so anxious that they may mispronounce a word or that they may commit grammatical inaccuracies. This also happens during job interviews when most of the applicants would sweat out while using English. The study was undertaken to determine the profile of the select students as respondents of the study, their attitude towards English language learning, and the situation/s that they feel linguistically confident in using the target language in a multi-cultural context. The study was conducted at the Mindanao State University (MSU), Main Campus, in the Islamic City of Marawi. The study utilized both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis procedures. Survey questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were employed. The questionnaire was administered to 129 randomly selected Job Enabling English Proficiency (JEEP) Program students, and then the FGD was conducted to probe further certain points that require illumination. It was concluded that the respondents have a positive attitude toward learning the English language. It was also disclosed that the linguistic self-confidence of the respondents leaned more on the situation-specific self-confidence.

scholarly journals RE-DOMESTICATION, REPATRIATION , AND ADDITIONAL DOMESTICATION, IN CULTURAL BACK-TRANSLATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
KINGA KLAUDY ◽  
PÁL HELTAI
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
Processing Effort

AbstractThis paper describes the distinctive features of cultural back-translation. This term is employed here to refer to the translation of source texts into a target language from which most or all of the culture-specific elements of the source text were drawn. It makes an attempt to provide a systematic analysis of the distinctive features of this type of translation with special reference to the concepts of domestication and foreignization. The findings show that cultural back-translation is necessarily domesticating, or more precisely, re-domesticating. Re-domestication has several types: re-domestication proper, repatriation and additional domestication. Domesticating and foreignizing strategies work out differently in cultural back-translation: domestication does not mean adjustment to a different culture but restoring the original cultural context. In re-domestication the distribution of translation strategies used is different from those used in domestication and the purpose and effects of various strategies are different. The whole process from text composition to back-translation may be described as a process of double domestication. It is claimed that while domestication in general reduces readers’ processing effort by sacrificing some contextual effects, redomestication reduces processing effort and at the same time may increase contextual effects. It is concluded that the study of cultural back-translation is worthy of more serious attention and further lines of inquiry are suggested.

scholarly journals Traductology, linguistics, and culture: the contrastive function of omissions in English-Chinese translations of the intercultural collision in Little Red Riding Hood

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
English Language ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
English Version ◽  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Little Red Riding Hood

AbstractThe study examines omissions in the English version of Little Red Riding Hood in contrast to the Chinese one. The research is aimed at studying the linguistic effects of inculturation and the choice of translation strategies to convey a truthful intercultural component. The study examines the Little Red Riding Hood story by Leray (2011) translated into Englishand Chinese languages. The Chinese version of the story was edited and published by Green and Green (1953). The analysis of the translation in a cultural context is based on the omission strategy. The analysis of semantically redundant words and sentences in the English version of Little Red Riding Hood has been carried out in contrast to the Chinese one, where no omissions were found. The purpose of the study is to analyze the relationship between the versions of Little Red Riding Hood and the evolution of European and Chinese moral ideology. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that two translations are considered in the context of the Tehrani’s (2013) method using a phylogenetic approach and the strategy of omission to determine moral codes. As a result of a comparative analysis of the target translation, ten omissions were found: four brief descriptions and six complete omissions. The omission strategy reflected the cross-cultural and informative ideological features of the two cultures. Adhering to the phylogenetic concept by Tehrani, the target language of Little Red Riding Hood was identified as English because the Chinese version of the story was translated from English (Zhengzhong Bookstore, 1967). There are also some distinguishing characteristics of the initial collision: the characteristics of the protagonist, the characteristics of the villain, the methods of deceiving the future victim by the villain and the ending options. The folk European collision of the fairy tale originates from the story The Wolf and the Children. It is also found in Chinese culture—The Girl and the Tiger; however, it is described at the level of other concepts, which confirms the genetic relationship of intercultural conflict. The nature of the extended Chinese translation testifies to the flexible structure and aesthetics of the style, in which traditions and family values play an important role, while in the English version some elements of culture are omitted due to a different mentality and structure of the language. Chinese culture is characterized by respect for elders, a tribute to traditions, and respect for people who are higher in social status. Undoubtedly, greetings in the English language carry a similar semantic load, but due to the peculiarity of its grammatical structure, omitting or transferring a greeting during translation does not harm the context of communication. Thus, it has been revealed that folk tales are a joint imprint of different cultures. The linguistic progression makes them change and adopt new information in accordance with the mentality of the people. There are three clusters of autonomous versions of the fairy tale: far Eastern, African and European; all of them are based on one common ancestor that has not been yet identified.

Roman Republican Architecture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
English Language ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Roman Architecture ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Introductory Material ◽  
Building Typology ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

The designation “Republican” refers to the Roman political period, traditionally dated between 509 and 31 bce. Roman Republican architecture is understood as the product of the built environment in the city of Rome as well as the territory controlled by Romans during this period. Scholarship on Roman architecture in general has focused on building typology; structure, materials, and construction techniques; and design and urbanism—all frequently with an interest in historical context. The study of the Republic has incorporated these traditions, but analysis of the physical remains is often restricted, due to the much degraded state of many early monuments; thus, critical study of ancient textual sources is often crucial, and study of the historical or cultural context of architecture sees increased attention. There is an equally strong—and recently deepened—interest in sociologically and anthropologically informed study of the use and experience of architecture and its effects on Roman society. The best-known aspects of architecture from the period include the construction of monumental temples in stone and terracotta at first, and later incorporating stone entablatures, roofs, and eventually concrete from foundations to superstructure. As for the geographical extent of Roman territory (both political and cultural), it was rarely static and in some cases is poorly understood; furthermore, Romans were frequently in contact with communities and cultures around them, so in some cases it is essential to look outside of Roman territory to understand Roman Republican-era architecture. This bibliography is not meant as a digest of buildings, but rather, after General Overviews and Reference Works, it covers various important topics in the field. As a whole, though, the citations have been assembled in a way that there should be at least one key source on most of the major monuments of the Roman Republic. The bibliography is limited to Italian territory, though the reader will find some references to Roman architecture from wider Mediterranean territories that Rome controlled by the mid-2nd century. Furthermore, the study of Republican architecture is necessarily tied to archaeological excavations, yet this is not a bibliography of Roman archaeology. Thus, although some seminal studies of individual monuments and excavations appear, most works are on the discipline of architectural history and questions related to it, rather than on sites and their excavation. More so than for the period of the Empire, the study of Republican architecture has been dominated by Italian scholarship, with some important work by French and German scholars. Anglophone interest has been infrequent until recently, so scholarship in English presents only a spotty picture of the state of the field. This bibliography is purposefully focused on English-language scholarship, but for some areas, works in foreign languages are essential for study beyond introductory material.

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