scholarly journals Remnants of the Snake Cult Among the Khakas (Late 19th to Mid 20th Century)

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
V. A. Burnakov ◽  
A. A. Burnakov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Ancestor Cult ◽  
Symbolic Meanings ◽  
Ethnographic Data

On the basis of folklore and ethnographic data, some of which are introduced in this article, the Khakass mytho-ritual complex relating to the snake is reconstructed. It is demonstrated that these beliefs were central to the traditional Khakass worldview, and the snake was endowed with elaborate symbolic meanings. It was a sacred animal, associated with ideas of life and death. It played a key role in mystical initiation practices, including those related to shamanism, and it was perceived as a patron spirit. Among the Khakass traditional beliefs was the idea that the elect could marry snakes, which turned into beautiful girls. Such a union, short-lived as it was, brought wealth and luck. Also, the snake was associated with elements and landscape features, such as water and mountains, linked to the ideas of sacred center, fertility, and the ancestor cult, which were central in the Khakass worldview. This reptile was often believed to be a mountain spirit, a mystical patron, and donator of magical capacities. Thereby beliefs about snakes were part of Khakass folk medicine and domestic magic.

Designs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaya Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Symbolic Meanings

This chapter focuses on types of kōlam designs. The basic categories are katta (squares) and pulli (dots). The highly ritualized forms are the navagraha (nine heavenly bodies, including the five planets) and yantras. The symbolic meanings of geometric, figurative, and landscape kōlams, whether they are itheegam (traditional) and nagareegam (modern), are discussed. Kōlam-making tools are explained, such as the traditional personal notebooks and printed pamphlets and more modern stencils and plastic stick-on decals. A discussion of an 1884 kōlam chapbook and other chapbooks from the 20th century gives a historical perspective. The 20th-century Indian choreographer Chandralekha gave kōlam designs a central position in her work.

The queer time of death: Temporality, geopolitics, and refugee rights

Sexualities ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 998-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Shakhsari
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The Way

Using the ethnographic data from interviews with the Iranian queer and transgender refugee applicants in Turkey, the UNHCR, and NGOs in Istanbul, Ankara, Denizli, Kayseri, and Nevsehir, I explore the way that refugee rights as a temporally and spatially contingent concept normalizes queer and transgender refugee subjects, while managing the lives and deaths of different populations. Through examining the chronopolitics and geopolitics of rights within the refugee discourse, I point to inconsistencies in the universality of human rights and argue that while the designation of an act as “violation of human rights” committed by states or citizens, is arbitrary and contingent on the place and time of the act, the recognition of the refugee in the human rights regimes relies on essentialist and timeless notions of identity that travel in the teleological time of progress. The Iranian queer and trans refugees in Turkey are suspended in an in-between zone of recognition where rightfulness and rightlessness come together in a temporal standstill. The “protection” of trans and queer refugees under the rhetoric of rights in this in-between zone is tied to the management of life and death of populations through the politics of rightful killing.

scholarly journals FOLK MEDICINE OF THE LOWER TEREK COSSACKS (19th - EARLY 20th CC.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Gimbatova
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Children's Diseases ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The article deals with an underinvestigated problem of ethnography of the Lower Terek Cossacks - folk medicine. The author of the article considers the methods of treatment of the most common diseases among the Lower Terek Cossacks in the 19th-early 20th cc. - the diseases of heart, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, head, musculoskeletal system, skin, as well as neuropsychic, children’s diseases and others. It is shown that using the medicines of vegetable and animal origin, hirudotherapy, diets, physical action and accumulated empirical knowledge, healers managed to treat many diseases, thereby compensated for a shortcoming of medical institutions and healthcare personnel. The analysis of the collected field ethnographic data testifies to the wide use of irrational methods of treatment in folk medicine. The popularity of healing magic is explained by the fact that in most cases it achieved the desired result and had a certain psychotherapeutic effect. Folk medicine of the Lower Terek Cossacks has much in common with that of the Dagestan peoples in the methods of treating various diseases and its close connection with the ecological characteristics of the environment. Ethnographic materials show that in extreme cases (bullet wounds, puncture wounds), the Lower Terek Cossacks sought treatment from mountain physicians who were skilled in treating gunshot wounds. Examples of interaction between the Lower Terek Cossacks and mountain peoples in various spheres, including folk medicine, indicate that the Lower Terek Cossacks have blended in with the North Caucasus cultural space and become an integral part of it though they were not the indigenous population of the region.

Brownie kuzyutka: the internal form and symbolic meaning of a word in the light of sociological and ethnographic data

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-164
Author(s):  
Irina V. Yakushevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Symbolic Meanings ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Very High

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the internal form of the Tula dialect word kuzyutka, meaning brownie. Analysis of the internal form allows detecting a hidden, symbolic meaning of the word (A. N. Afanasyev, A. A. Potebnya, V. N. Toporov). More broadly, the paper addresses the problem of the etymological significance of the semantically syncretic (M. V. Pimenova) root of kuz-, which is the basis of a number of root words and the source of several symbolic meanings of the brownie. The analysis has revealed three variants of the etymology of the word Kuzyutka: 1) from the Russian Kuzma, identified by folk etymology with the blacksmith and ascending to the name of St. Cosmas; 2) from the dialect word kuzyukat (and its variants) with the meaning “to tickle, making ‘horns’ with fingers,” which goes back to the Turkic koza ; 3) from Turkic kuzov. All three meanings are united by common symbolic meanings ‘fertility’, ‘prosperity’, ‘children’, ‘marriage’, ‘needlework’ related to the lexical background and have cultural and mythological value. The choice of the most probable version - kuzutka as a diminutive version of Kozma - is justified by sociological statistics and ethnographic data processed using the cartographic method. From ancient times, Dubensky area, where the word was fixed, and its surroundings were famous for blacksmithing. That is why there is a very high concentration of the temple consecrated in honor of St. Cosmas and Damian - the patrons of the blacksmiths

scholarly journals SPACE AND TIME RELATIONSHIP IN METAPHYSICAL PAINTINGS OF THE 20TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (71) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe

Metaphysics, which deals with concepts such as existence, existentialism, space and god in its general content, is a branch of philosophy. It sought answers to questions related to these concepts through methods and perspectives different from science. The reason for all these questions is the effort to define the universe. Metaphysical philosophy has been the search for a solution to helplessness caused by the uncertainties caused throughout the history by life and death. Perspectives developed in parallel with the perception of the period have also shaped the questions and propositions. All these metaphysical approaches do not contain a definition that is independent of time and space. Time and space, as one of the most fundamental problematics of metaphysics, are accepted as the most important elements in placing and making sense of the human into the universe. In this context, metaphysics, which has a transphysical perspective as well as the accepted scientific expansions of real and reality, was mostly visible in the field of art rather than science. The aim of this article is to analyze the role of metaphysical philosophy in the emergence of metaphysical art in the context of the effects of social events, especially the destructions and disappointments caused by the world wars in the 20th century, on the artists and the reflections of the existential inquiries related to this. Furthermore this study includes definitions and processes of metaphysics. The works of Giorgio de Chirico and Carlo Carra have been interpreted in terms of form and content within the scope of metaphysics by considering the concepts of time-space. Keywords: Metaphysics, Space, Time, Metaphysical Art

scholarly journals A brief history of taxol

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Justyna Żwawiak ◽  
Lucjusz Zaprutko
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
History Of ◽  
Yew Tree

Traditional application of plant in folk medicine is a base for discovery of new active chemical substances. In the second half of 20th century, significant antitumor activity of extract from bark of the Yew tree was recognized. The compound that was responsible for this kind of properties has called taxol and had structure of diterpene with acyl groups. Low availability forced researchers to find different ways of taxol gaining. In the further years, many synthetic and semi-synthetic methods were developed. Nowadays, biotechnological methods with use of cell suspension cultures are introduced.

scholarly journals RELIGIOUSNESS AS A FACTOR OF MODERN TRANSFORMATION OF UKRAINIAN PEASANTRY IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 20th CENTURY

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
R. Oryshchenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Social Modernization ◽  
Inner World ◽  
First Time

Author of the paper argues that in the age of revolutionary shakes of the first third of the XX century, Ukrainian peasantry lost its traditional religiousness under the influence of general social modernization. The background of research is an analysis of modern research practices, widespread in Ukrainian and partially, foreign historiography. One of the perspectives is their optimization, depending upon possibilities and certain tasks, that lies before historian. And the task is the ascertainment of religiousness as a factor of complex evolutionary processes, that seems to went “beyond the boundaries “of traditional beliefs. Thorough analysis of the problem attests that modern transformation (modernization) of society had for the first time in history seriously challenged the religiousness, established for centuries and millennia. That wasn’t an accidental, as in this historical period, human consciousness experienced the destruction of itself, to clarify – the consciousness of agrarian (traditional) society. Suffering certain psychological stress, it has been forcefully changing its inner world by adapting it to new reality. At the same time, religiousness did not abandoned human completely, but influenced noticeably the transformation itself. The result of such cooperation was an emerging of a “new human being” – collective farmer (kolgosp/kolhoz farmer) which had modified religiousness with noticeable inclusions of atheistic beliefs with the background of “Forgetting God”

scholarly journals THE EXISTENCE MODUS IN THE NOVEL «CHAD» («FUMES») BY YURI KOSACH: THE PROBLEM OF LIFE AND DEATH

2019 ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Halyna Yurchak
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Personal Crisis ◽  
Religious Existentialism ◽  
Philosophical Orientations ◽  
Idea Of God

There has been analysed the literary originality of philosophical reflection «Chad» («Fumes»). It is proved that in the context of different influences and philosophical orientations, the prose writer managed to asset his own identity. Creative and philosophical thinking of Yu. Kosach has been studied in the context of the European and national existentialism. The thesis author has interpreted the suicidal motives stated in the novel of «Chad» («Fumes») on the ground of psychoanalysis. She presents the problems and difficulties of an emigrant and gives two different existential views. There is a focus on the originality of the novel and presentation of the vital problems of the 20th century that brightly reflect the era of existential emptiness among the Ukrainian emigration. In the novel of «Chad» («Fumes»), two different existentialisms, religious and atheistic ones, come across. The collision of these views creates a dialogical concept with the essence that a person himself can take the only right decision and make his own choice. In privacy of one’s own mind, being deprived of the idea of God, the person becomes lonely. Thus, he realizes the absurdity of existence, undergoes the transcendence, and finds out the death as the only solution. The atheistic existentialism is represented by hero Sokil, who chose the suicide as a way out of the personal crisis. The religious existentialism is embodied in Apostol, who served faithfully and did not conceive the human existence without God. Keywords: existentialism, death, existence, suicide, emigration, borderline situation.

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