scholarly journals Predicting the risk for preterm delivery in HIV-infected

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Shteyman ◽  
M B Okhapkin ◽  
Yu V Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Aim. To outline the risk factors for preterm delivery in HIV-positive women.Methods. Clinical histories of 146 pregnancies with a confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection were analyzed. All patients were allocated to 2 groups. The first group included 60 patients who had a preterm delivery prior to 37th week of pregnancy. The second group included 86 patients who delivered at term. To identify the risk factors for preterm delivery, odds ratios were calculated.Results. Risk factors for preterm birth include: infection duration less than 1 year (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.04-6.49); 4A stage of HIV infection (OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.08-6.60); antiretroviral treatment started on 28th week of pregnancy (OR=5.12, 95% CI=2.37-11.02); oligohydramnios according to the results of second scheduled ultrasonography at 21-22th week of pregnancy (OR=29.0, 95% CI=3.73-158.8) and data for intrauterine growth restriction according to the results of third scheduled ultrasonography at 21-22th week of pregnancy (OR=16.84, 95% CI=5.46-51.93). CD4 count (OR=0.42, 95% CI=0.16-1.02) and viral load (OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.17-1.03) are indicators of patient’s immune status, but do not allow predict the risk of preterm birth.Conclusion. Factors that might be considered as preterm delivery predictors are outlined. Introducing the package of measures aimed at early treatment of HIV-positive pregnant women with the risk factors would allow to reduce the number of preterm deliveries in such patients.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Outcomes in HIV-Infected Women: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vatsla Dadhwal, MD ◽  
Aparna Sharma, MD ◽  
Kavita Khoiwal, MD ◽  
Dipika Deka, MD ◽  
Plaboni Sarkar, MD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
P Value ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Background and Objectives: There is conflicting data on the effect of HIV infection as well as antiretroviral therapy (ART) on pregnancy outcome. The objectives of this study were to compare pregnancy outcomes in women with and without HIV infection, and to evaluate the effect of HAART on pregnancy in HIV-infected women.Methods: This is a prospective case record analysis of 212 HIV-infected women delivering between 2002 and 2015, in a tertiary health care center in India. The pregnancy outcome in HIV-infected women was compared to 238 HIV-uninfected controls. Women received ART for prevention of mother to child transmission as per protocol which varied during the period of study. Effect of use of ART on preterm birth (PTB) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was analyzed.Results: HIV-infected women were more likely to have PTB, IUGR, and anemia (9.4%, 9.9%, 5.2%) compared to uninfected women (7.6%, 5%, 3.8%), this did not reach statistical significance (P-value = >0.05). The incidence of PIH, diabetes mellitus and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was similar in both groups. Mean birth weight was significantly lower in neonates of HIV-infected women (2593.60±499g) than HIV-uninfected women (2919±459g) [P-value=0.001]. neonatal intensive care unit admissions were also significantly higher in infants born to HIV-infected women (P-value=0.002). HIV-infected women on ART had decreased incidence of PTB and IUGR.Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Good antenatal care and multidisciplinary team approach can optimize pregnancy outcomes in HIV-infected women.Key words: Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Preterm Birth • Intrauterine Growth Restriction • Antiretroviral TherapyCopyright © 2017 Dadhwal et al.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com-mons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Impact of smoking and fetal gender on preterm delivery

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Veronika Günther ◽  
Ibrahim Alkatout ◽  
Alexandra Stein ◽  
Nicolai Maass ◽  
Alexander Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
World Health ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Fetal Gender ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Abstract According to the World Health Organization, smoking is the most important risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes in industrialized nations. We aimed to establish how fetal gender and smoking interact with regard to perinatal outcomes, especially preterm delivery. Data from 220,339 singleton pregnancies, obtained from the German Perinatal Survey in Schleswig-Holstein and registered between 2004 and 2017 were analyzed in regard to smoking behavior, fetal gender, and preterm delivery. The rate of preterm births was directly proportional to the women’s consumption of nicotine. The rate of preterm deliveries was 6.8% among nonsmokers, and 13.2% in women who were very heavy smokers (≥22 cigarettes/day). Very heavy smoking (≥22 cigarettes/day) had a marked impact on extremely preterm births (<28 weeks of gestation) and very preterm births (28–31 weeks of gestation). Preterm births increased by 1.2% from heavy smokers to very heavy smokers; the differences between the other groups ranged between 0.1% and 0.4%. Fetal gender also had an impact on preterm birth: male infants were predominant in nearly all groups of women who delivered preterm infants. Smoking during pregnancy and male gender are both risk factors for preterm delivery. Fetal gender should be given greater attention as one of the several risk factors of preterm birth. Due to the high rate of morbidity among preterm infants and enormous costs for the healthcare system, women should be encouraged to cease or at least reduce smoking during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Heart morphology differences induced by intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth measured on the ECG at preadolescent age

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Ortigosa ◽  
Merida Rodriguez-Lopez ◽  
Raquel Bailón ◽  
Sebastian Imre Sarvari ◽  
Marta Sitges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

First trimester uterine artery Doppler and subsequent intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth

2004 ◽  
Vol 191 (6) ◽  
pp. S22
Author(s):  
Lorraine Dugoff ◽  
John Hobbins ◽  
Vincent Faber ◽  
Fergal Malone ◽  
Michael Belfort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Uterine Artery Doppler ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

scholarly journals Physical activity during pregnancy and fetal outcomes: a case-control study

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Yuri Takito ◽  
Maria Helena D'Aquino Benício
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
P Value ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between physical activity during the second trimester pregnancy and low birth weight, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction. METHODS: Case-control study including 273 low birth weight newborns and 546 controls carried out in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2005. Low birth weight cases were grouped into two subsamples: preterm birth (n=117) and intrauterine growth restriction (n=134), with their related controls. Information was collected by means of interviews with mothers shortly after birth and transcription of medical records. Data were analyzed using conditional multiple and hierarchical logistic regression. RESULTS: Light physical activity for over 7 hours per day was shown to be protective against low birth weight (adjusted OR=0.61; 95% CI 0.39-0.94) with a dose-response relationship (p-value for trend=0.026). A similar trend was found for intrauterine growth restriction (adjusted OR=0.51; 95% CI 0.26-0.97). Homemaking activities were associated as a protective factor for both low birth weight and preterm birth (p-value for trend=0.013 and 0.035, respectively). Leisure-time walking was found to be protective against preterm birth. CONCLUSIONS: Mild physical activity during the second trimester of pregnancy such as walking has an independent protective effect on low birth weight, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction.

scholarly journals Maternal and perinatal outcomes of hyperthyroidsm in pregnancy at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, period of January 2015 - December 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Fita Maulina ◽  
M Adya F F Dilmy ◽  
Ali Sungkar
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Fetal Death ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objectives: To report maternal and perinatal outcomes of hyperthyroidsm in pregnancy.Case Report: There were 3622 cases of delivering pregnant women during the period of the study. From this number, the prevalence of pregnant women with hyperthyroid was 0.2 %. We reported 9 cases of hyperthyroid in pregnancy. The number of pregnancy complication and outcome on pregnant women with hyperthyroidism were preterm labor (44%) and preeclampsia (22%), both were found in group of mother who did taking antihyperthyroid therapy. In those who did not take antihyperthyroid therapy 11% had spontaneous abortion and 11% had preterm delivery. Fetal complications were intrauterine growth restriction (11%) and intrauterine fetal death (23%), both of these complication were on the group who did not take antihyperthyroid. On the contrary, 44% babies were born with normal birthweight in group who took antihyperthyroid.Conclusion: There were differences noted between the group that took adequate treatment and the group that did not take antihyperthyroid. The incidence of intrauterine growth restriction and intrauterine fetal death were high in group that did not took antihyperthyroid therapy but the incidence of preterm delivery as the maternal complication was high in group that did take the antihyperthyroid therapy.  

Risk Factors for Intrauterine Growth Restriction: 9 Years Analysis in Tertiary Care Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Abha Shrestha ◽  
N Pradhan ◽  
B Kayastha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Background: Intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) fetuses are at higher risk of developing neonatal complications and also known to develop metabolic syndrome in adult life. So, an early antenatal detection, choosing the optimal time and method of delivery and intervention when required could minimize the risk significantly. Objective: To find out the prenatal outcome and the maternal and placental risk factors. Methods: A prospective study was conducted from January 2010 to January 2019, at a Teaching Hospital. A singleton pregnancy, above 28 weeks of gestation with clinical diagnosis of IUGR and confirmed by ultrasonography were included in the study. The statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) 23.0 software. Results: Maternal risk factors like low pregnancy body mass index, preeclampsia, anaemia, hypothyroidism and placental factors like retro placental hemorrhage were mainly responsible for intrauterine growth restriction. Conclusions: The early identification of risk factors and management of the same antenatal is an important issue to prevent adverse prenatal outcomes associated with IUGR.

scholarly journals Neurocysticercosis and HIV Infection: what can we learn from the published literature?

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Herrera Vazquez ◽  
Matthew L. Romo ◽  
Agnès Fleury
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Hiv Negative

ABSTRACT Infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and by the larvae of Taenia solium (i.e., cysticercosis) are still widespread in many developing countries. Both pathologies modify host immune status and it is possible that HIV infection may modulate the frequency and pathogeny of cysticercosis of the central nervous system (i.e., neurocysticercosis [NCC]). Objective: To describe published cases of NCC among HIV-positive patients and to evaluate whether the characteristics of NCC, including frequency, symptoms, radiological appearance, and response to treatment differed between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Methods: Forty cases of NCC/HIV co-infected patients were identified in the literature. Clinical and radiological characteristics, as well as response to treatment, were compared with non-matching historical series of NCC patients without HIV infection. Results: Most of these patients had seizures and multiple vesicular parasites located in parenchyma. Clinical and radiological characteristics were similar between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with NCC, as well as between immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised HIV-positive patients. Conclusion: Our review did not reveal clear interactions between HIV and NCC. This may be partially due to the small number of cases and reliance on published research. A systematic, multi-institutional effort aiming to report all the cases of this dual pathology is needed to confirm this finding and to clarify the possible relationship between both pathogens.

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