scholarly journals To the history of «compassionate widows» activities and training in St. Petersburg and Moscow hospitals for the poor during the emperor Alexander I reign

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-310
Author(s):  
N N Blokhina
Keyword(s):  
Time Level ◽  
Civic Duty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Extensive Training ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Church ◽  
And Training

The article considers the «compassionate widows» activities and training at the beginning of the ХIХ century - the time of «Compassionate Widows’ Institute» formation in the Russian Empire. Empress Maria Fedorovna set up hospitals for the poor in St. Petersburg and Moscow, in each of which 200 patients in need of medical care were treated. Patients in the vast majority claimed to not only the close attention of the doctors who performed treatment at their time level, but also careful care. That is why in these hospitals quite many «khozhatyy» and «sidel’nitsa» worked. There should be quite intent control over them. In 1815, in St. Petersburg after a year of testing of «volunteered widows of the St. Petersburg Widows’ House», who cared for the sick at St. Petersburg hospital for the poor, after a solemn oath the title of «compassionate widow» was given to 16 of 24 widows. In January, 1818, Empress Maria Fedorovna ordered to engage «compassionate widows» to the patients care in the Moscow hospital for the poor, what was put into practice by this hospital main physician Kh.F. Oppel’. In the same year «compassionate widows» (two experienced and four under consideration) were taken to this hospital, sent to the two-week duty from Moscow Widow’s House. The probationary period lasted for a year, after which «compassionate widows» took the oath in the temple of the church. In the hospitals for the poor (in 1828 known as the «Marian») both in St. Petersburg and in Moscow «compassionate widows» who voluntarily devoted themselves to «look after the sick», were trained and instructed by clinicians. Evidence of «compassionate widows» extensive training in Moscow is a famous physician Kh.F. Oppel’ guidance «Guidelines and rules, how to look after the sick, for the benefit of everyone engaged in this duty, and in particular for compassionate widows, especially dedicated themselves to this title». This is the first Russian book, dedicated to the upbringing in female nursing staff the feelings of mercy and humanity when practicing their professional and civic duty. Kh.F. Oppels’ book is a remarkable historical and medical literary monument. It is the first medical guidance for the patients care, published in our country in Russian and addressed directly to the female medical staff.

“A Treasure for the Poor”: The Contents of the Temple Treasures according to 2 Macc 3:10 in Light of the Biblical and Ancient Jewish and Christian Traditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-229
Author(s):  
Francisco Martins
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
High Priest ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
The Poor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Church

AbstractThe attack of Heliodorus on the temple in 2 Macc 3 is the first of a series of events occupying the narrative core of the book. In the first act of the story, a dispute arises over the actual contents of the temple treasury, with the high priest Onias claiming that they are “deposits of widows and orphans” (3:10). This essay focuses on this detail and shows that it entails an as yet unnoticed connection with a core of biblically ingrained traditions that gain momentum in the Second Temple period and come to the fore afterwards in the works of ancient Jewish and Christian authors: traditions that equate God’s money with money intended for the poor. In order to substantiate my claim, I survey texts in Deuteronomy, Tobit, and the Epistle of Jeremiah in search of hints of this process of “pauperization” of God’s property, and proceed to investigate the history of reception of 2 Macc 3:10 in the Latin translations, among the church fathers, and in the post-Talmudic work Josippon. The aim is to demonstrate that 2 Macc 3:10 became a productive link in the rhetorical formulation of a topos which bore long-lasting literary, theological, and practical fruits.

Битвазапрошлое:храмсвятогоГеоргия вИзраавэпицентре церковно-политическойборьбыконцаXIXв.

2019 ◽  
pp. 256-281
Author(s):  
E.M. Kopot`
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The article brings up an obscure episode in the rivalry of the Orthodox and Melkite communities in Syria in the late 19th century. In order to strengthen their superiority over the Orthodox, the Uniates attempted to seize the church of St. George in Izraa, one of the oldest Christian temples in the region. To the Orthodox community it presented a threat coming from a wealthier enemy backed up by the See of Rome and the French embassy. The only ally the Antioch Patriarchate could lean on for support in the fight for its identity was the Russian Empire, a traditional protector of the Orthodox Arabs in the Middle East. The documents from the Foreign Affairs Archive of the Russian Empire, introduced to the scientific usage for the first time, present a unique opportunity to delve into the history of this conflict involving the higher officials of the Ottoman Empire as well as the Russian embassy in ConstantinopleВ статье рассматривается малоизвестный эпизод соперничества православной и Мелкитской общин в Сирии в конце XIX века. Чтобы укрепить свое превосходство над православными, униаты предприняли попытку захватить церковь Святого Георгия в Израа, один из старейших христианских храмов в регионе. Для православной общины он представлял угрозу, исходящую от более богатого врага, поддерживаемого Римским престолом и французским посольством. Единственным союзником, на которого Антиохийский патриархат мог опереться в борьбе за свою идентичность, была Российская Империя, традиционный защитник православных арабов на Ближнем Востоке. Документы из архива иностранных дел Российской Империи, введены в научный оборот впервые, уникальная возможность углубиться в историю этого конфликта с участием высших должностных лиц в Османской империи, а также российского посольства в Константинополе.

The 1912 Duma Elections: The State, the Opposition and the Clergy

Orthodoxia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
F. A. Gayda
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

This article deals with the political situation around the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Empire in 1912 (4th convocation). The main actors of the campaign were the government, local administration, liberal opposition and the clergy of the Orthodox Russian Church. After the 1905 revolution, the “official Church” found itself in a difficult situation. In particular, anti-Church criticism intensified sharply and was expressed now quite openly, both in the press and from the rostrum of the Duma. A consequence of these circumstances was that in this Duma campaign, for the first time in the history of Russian parliamentarianism, “administrative resources” were widely used. At the same time, the authorities failed to achieve their political objectives. The Russian clergy became actively involved in the election campaign. The government sought to use the conflict between the liberal majority in the third Duma and the clerical hierarchy. Duma members launched an active criticism of the Orthodox clergy, using Grigory Rasputin as an excuse. Even staunch conservatives spoke negatively about Rasputin. According to the results of the election campaign, the opposition was even more active in using the label “Rasputinians” against the Holy Synod and the Russian episcopate. Forty-seven persons of clerical rank were elected to the House — three fewer than in the previous Duma. As a result, the assembly of the clergy elected to the Duma decided not to form its own group, but to spread out among the factions. An active campaign in Parliament and the press not only created a certain public mood, but also provoked a political split and polarization within the clergy. The clergy themselves were generally inclined to blame the state authorities for the public isolation of the Church. The Duma election of 1912 seriously affected the attitude of the opposition and the public toward the bishopric after the February revolution of 1917.

Court Singing Capella and Divine Рractice of the Russian Orthodox Church

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Константин Рева
Keyword(s):  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
History Of ◽  
Liturgical Practice ◽  
Church Split ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church

В настоящей статье предпринята попытка рассмотреть влияние Придворной певческой капеллы на развитие богослужебной практики Русской Православной Церкви в Синодальный период. После церковного раскола XVII в. продолжающееся развитие богослужебной практики не находило отражения в корпусе богослужебных книг. В XVII в. в Русской Церкви было два практически равновеликих по значению образцовых столичных хора: хор патриарших певчих дьяков и хор государевых певчих дьяков. С упразднением патриаршества и переносом столицы в Санкт¬-Петербург в Синодальный период истории Русской Православной Церкви Придворная певческая капелла стала главным церковным хоровым коллективом, основной обязанностью которого было пение за богослужением в придворных церквях. В XIX в. Придворная певческая капелла была на делена особыми административными правами в церковно-¬певческой сфере, связанны ми с цензурой церковно-¬певческих произведений и подготовкой церковных регентов. Исключительные права по изданию церковно¬-певческих книг в Русской Православной Церкви, закрепленные Святейшим Синодом за Придворной певческой капеллой, стали причиной широкого распространения литургических особенностей богослужения придворных церквей в Российской империи. Практика обязательной аттестации церковных регентов Придворной певческой капеллой усилила распространение не только её церковно-¬музыкальной традиции, но и придворного литургического порядка, что оказало существенное влияние на практику совершения кафедрального и приходского богослужения. Изучение богослужебной практики Русской Православной Церкви в XVIII-XX вв. немыслимо без учёта деятельности и наследия Придворной певческой капеллы. This article attempts to consider the influence of the Court Singing Chapel on the development of divine practice of the Russian Orthodox Church during the synodal period. After the Church split of the 17th century, the continuing development of liturgical practice was not re flected in the corpus of liturgical books. In the XVII century the Russian Church had two almost equal in importance exemplary Metropolitan choirs: the choir of Patriarchal singing deacons and the choir of sovereign singing deacons. With the abolition of the Patriarchate and the transfer of the capital to Saint Petersburg during the Synodal period of the history of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Court singing Capella became the main Church choral group, whose main duty was to sing at divine services in the court churches. In the 19th century, the Court singing chapel was giv en special administrative rights in the Church singing sphere related to the censorship of Church singing works and the training of Church Regents. The exclusive rights to publish Church sing ing books in the Russian Orthodox Church, which were assigned by the Holy Synod to the Court singing chapel, caused a wide spread of liturgical features of the service of court churches in the Russian Empire. The practice of mandatory certification of Church Regents by the Court singingchapel has increased the spread of not only its Church music tradition, but also the court liturgical order, which has had a significant impact on the practice of performing Cathedral and parish ser vices. The study of the liturgical practice of the Russian Orthodox Church in the XVIII-XX centuries is unthinkable without taking into account the activities and heritage of the court singing chapel.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Stewart Mottram
Keyword(s):  
English Literature ◽  
Elizabeth I ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
George Herbert ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Protestant Church ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Bear Witness ◽  
The Church

This chapter introduces the book as a whole, tracing the history of protestant iconoclasm and ruin creation across the long reformation, from the dissolution of the monasteries in the 1530s to the disestablishment of the English protestant church in the 1650s. It focuses attention on the poet George Herbert, whose poems, in The Temple (1633), on aspects of church interiors bear witness to the sanctioned iconoclasm of successive Tudor governments—iconoclasm that had broken altars, upended statues, and whitewashed church walls. Herbert was a protestant minister whose poetry celebrates the church established under Elizabeth I, defining its reformed appearance as a middle ground—‘Neither too mean, nor yet too gay’—between Genevan Calvinism and Roman catholicism. But Herbert’s poetry also reveals anxieties about the future of English protestantism—besieged not only by catholic plots but also by puritan and presbyterian clamours for further church reform. Herbert’s anxieties over this twofold threat to the English church are at once anti-catholic and anti-iconoclastic. Although Herbert celebrates the protestant reforms that had dissolved monasteries and destroyed catholic shrines, his poetry also attacks puritans, whose dissatisfaction with the half-hearted reforms of the Elizabethan settlement sought in Herbert’s eyes to ruin the church from within. Herbert’s paranoid poetry provides a keynote for this study’s exploration of the ruined churches and monasteries represented in early modern English literature—ruins, the study argues, that betray similar anxieties about the consequences of catholic plots and puritan iconoclasm for the fate of the English church in its formative century.

The Abbots Bromley Horn Dance

Antiquity ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 7 (26) ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
Violet Alford
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Field Work ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Bow And Arrow ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Church

Few people know of this, possibly the most primitive dance in Europe. We find scanty records therefore, the earliest dating only from the 17th century. Robert Plot, in his Natural History of Staffordshire, 1686, p. 434, says:–At Abbots, or now rather Pagets Bromley, they had also within memory, a sort of sport, which they celebrated at Christmas (on New-Year and Twelft-day) call'd the Hobby-horse dance, from a person that carryed the image of a horse between his leggs, made of thin boards, and in his hand a bow and arrow, which passing through a hole in the bow, and stopping upon a sholder it had in it, he made a snapping noise as he drew it to and fro, keeping time with the Musick: with this Man danced 6 others, carrying on their shoulders as many Rain deers heads, 3 of them painted white, and 3 red, with the Armes of the cheif families (viz.) of Paget, Bagot, and Wells) to whom the revenews of the Town cheifly belonged, depicted on the palms of them, with which they danced the Hays, and other Country dances. To this Hobbyhorse dance there also belong'd a pot, which was kept by turnes, by 4 or 5 of the cheif of the Town, whom they call'd Reeves, who provided Cakes and Ale to put in this pot; all people who had any kindness for the good intent of the Institution of the sport, giving pence a piece for themselves and families; and so forraigners too, that came to see it: with which Mony (the charge of the Cakes and Ale being defrayed) they not only repaired their Church but kept their poore too: which charges are not now perhaps so cheerfully boarn.Why Plot says ‘within memory’ it is difficult to understand, unless there was a temporary cessation of the rite. He might easily have learnt whether the sport still lived or no, but from this and various internal points I suspect the Doctor never went to see for himself. Like too great a number of folklorists he preferred keeping his nose in a book to embarking on ‘field work’. The pot into which they put the feast has now disappeared, and so far from repairing the church and keeping the poor, the few shillings gained hardly pay the dancers for the loss of a day's work.

scholarly journals ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS IN THE LOWER PART OF THE NIZHNIY NOVGOROD KREMLIN (PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE 2018-2019 EXCAVATIONS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 322-338
Author(s):  
Н. Н. Грибов ◽  
Т. А. Марьенкина ◽  
Н. В. Иванова
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Church

В статье представлены предварительные результаты первых масштабных археологических исследований в нижней части Нижегородского кремля. Раскоп, заложенный в зоне воссоздания храма Святого Симеона Столпника, вскрыл культурные отложения двух периодов - XIII - начала XV в. и XVI - середины XVIII в. Впервые средневековая усадебная застройка Нижнего Новгорода зафиксирована на таком элементе волжской долины, как береговой склон. Выдающееся значение для нижегородской археологии имеют обнаружение стратифицированных культурных напластований XIII - начала XV в. и зафиксированный на стратиграфических разрезах перерыв в активном освоении городской территории, соответствующий большей части XV в. Предложена реконструкция истории освоения раскопанного участка. Выяснилось, что связанный с храмом малоизвестный нижегородский Симеоновский монастырь вряд ли существовал до строительства Нижегородского кремля. Наиболее раннее, предположительно, монастырское сооружение, возникшее после исчезновения усадебной застройки XIII - начала XV в., датировано концом XV - серединой XVI в. С этим периодом связано строительство деревянного моста, обеспечивавшего транспортное сообщение между «нагорным» и приречным районами города. Обнаружение остатков этого свайного сооружения существенно корректирует известную реконструкцию застройки кремлевской территории начала XVII в., выполненную по письменным источникам. Дано обоснование времени функционирования обнаруженного некрополя Симеоновского монастыря в пределах середины XVI - начала XVIII в., приведена общая характеристика изученных погребений. В общеисторическом контексте материалы исследований представляют интерес для изучения процессов, сопровождающих превращение удельных городских центров в города Московской Руси. The article presents preliminary results of the first large-scale archaeological research in the lower part of the Nizhniy Novgorod Kremlin. The excavation, laid in the area of the reconstruction of the Church of St. Simeon the Stylite, uncovered cultural layer of two periods - the XIII - early XV centuries and the XVI - mid XVIII centuries. For the first time, the medieval estate development of Nizhniy Novgorod was recorded on such an element of the Volga valley as the coastal slope. The discovery of stratified cultural strata of the XIII - early XV centuries and the break in the active development of urban territory recorded on stratigraphic sections, corresponding to most of the XV century, are of outstanding significance for Nizhniy Novgorod archeology. The reconstruction of the history of development of the excavated site is proposed. It turned out that the little-known Nizhniy Novgorod Simeon monastery associated with the temple hardly existed before the construction of the Nizhniy Novgorod Kremlin. The earliest, presumably, monastic structure that arose after the disappearance of the manor buildings of the XIII -early XV centuries., dated to the end of the XV - mid XVI centuries. This period is associated with the construction of a wooden bridge that provided transport links between the «Nagorny» and riverine districts of the city. The discovery of the remains of this pile structure significantly corrects the well-known reconstruction of the Kremlin territory of the beginning of the XVII century, made according to written sources. The justification for the functioning of the necropolis discovered Simeon monastery in the middle of the XVI century - beginning of the XVIII centuries, the general characteristics of the studied burials. In the general historical context, the research materials are of interest for studying the processes that accompany the transformation of specific urban centers into cities of Muscovite Russia.

scholarly journals “Uma bênção para a humanidade”. Densidade teológica das organizações e lutas populares

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (309) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Francisco De Aquino Júnior
Keyword(s):  
The Poor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Popular Movements ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

Pela primeira vez na história da Igreja um papa convida lideranças de movimentos populares de várias regiões do planeta para discutir os grandes problemas do mundo atual e as busca e perspectivas de superação desses problemas a partir dos pobres e das vítimas. E faz isso por estar convencido da importância sócio-espiritual desses movimentos no processo de transformação da sociedade segundo o Evangelho de Jesus Cristo. O artigo trata especificamente do caráter salvífico-espiritual das organizações e lutas populares a partir dos discursos do Papa Francisco nos três encontros mundiais com os movimentos populares.Abstract: For the first time in the history of the Church a Pope invites leaders of popular movements from various regions of the planet to discuss the great problems of today’s world and search for the perspectives of solution for these problems from the viewpoints of the poor and the victims. And he does this because he is convinced of the socio-spiritual relevance of these movements in the process of transformation of society according to Jesus Christ’s Gospel. The article deals specifically with the salvific-spiritual character of the popular organizations and struggles expressed in Pope Francisco’s speeches in the three world meetings he held with the popular movements.Keywords: Pape Francis; Popular movements; Salvation-spiritual cha- racter.

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