scholarly journals Smart Body or the Problem of Human Corporeality Development in the Context of Outsourced Life. Paper Two

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
S.A. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Previous Part ◽  
Organic Body ◽  
Human Ontology ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cultural Functions

This paper continues to explore the problem of formation of non-organic body of personality touched upon in the previous part. The author shows how this problem is addressed in the works of E.V. Ilyenkov, B. Spinoza and L.S. Vygotsky and, in particular, in the works of D.B. Elkonin and B.D. Elkonin who introduced the concepts of ‘mediatory action’ and ‘event of action’, crucial for the understanding of personality construction. In the final part of the paper the author reviews the practices of blind, deaf and dumb pedagogy as the phenomenon of cultural development and cultural corporeality. Working with blind, deaf and dumb children proves the correctness of the cultural-historical concept aimed at tool/activity-based character of personality structure formation that may well be described in terms of smart corporeality. Without such practices of exploration and acquisition of his/her own behavior the individual becomes a functionally disabled person. Thus the author considers the practice of cultural development an anthropological alternative to the trend of outsourcing that implies the individual’s rejection of his/her basic cultural functions and practices. And this alternative acts as a response to the challenge of the increasing cultural, functional and personal disabilities. The research was conducted with the assistance of the Russian Science Foundation (project №14-18-03087 “Designing Non- classical Anthropology. New Human Ontology”).

scholarly journals Smart Body or the Problem of Human Corporeality Development in the Context of Outsourced Life. Part 1.

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
S.A. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Artistic Creativity ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Organic Body ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
The Individual

The paper analyses the issue of a popular trend called ‘life outsourcing’ which affects the structure of personality in an individual. Basing on the works of L.S. Vygotsky and others, the author explores the methodology of the concept of cultural development as a process of formation of an embodied personality or non-organic body. He outlines the search for the approaches to the process of cultural development and for its descriptions in terms of personality construction and ‘soul organism’ which can be traced down in Vygotsky’s works. According to these works, cultural-historical psychology employed a concept of tool- and activity-based personality body, or soul organism. As it is argued in the paper, this concept is to a certain extent incomplete. What happens to the individual’s personality body in a situation of increasingly popular life outsourcing, i.e. when more and more basic functions and actions are transferred from the individual to various devices? Using artistic creativity as an example, the author explores the artist’s transition from working with natural materials to working with devices and focuses on the problem of the artist’s ‘smart body’ losing the feeling of texture and form. The issue is to be continued in the second paper.

The Emergence of Subjectivity in the Ancient and Medieval World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Cultures

This work represents a combination of different genres: cultural history, philosophical anthropology, and textbook. It follows a handful of different but interrelated themes through more than a dozen texts that were written over a period of several millennia. By means of an analysis of these texts, this work presents a theory about the development of Western Civilization from antiquity to the Middle Ages. The main line of argument traces the various self-conceptions of the different cultures as they developed historically. These self-conceptions reflect different views of what it is to be human. The thesis is that in these we can discern the gradual emergence of what we today call inwardness, subjectivity and individual freedom. As human civilization took its first tenuous steps, it had a very limited conception of the individual. Instead, the dominant principle was that of the wider group: the family, clan or people. Only in the course of history did the idea of what we know as individuality begin to emerge. It took millennia for this idea to be fully recognized and developed. The conception of human beings as having a sphere of inwardness and subjectivity subsequently had a sweeping impact on all aspects of culture, such as philosophy, religion, law, and art. Indeed, this conception largely constitutes what is today referred to as modernity. It is easy to lose sight of the fact that this modern conception of human subjectivity was not simply something given but rather the result of a long process of historical and cultural development.

Destruction of microplastics in the natural environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kovalevski ◽  
Mikhail Zobkov
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Specific Density ◽  
Local Oxidation ◽  
Energy Dispersive Microanalysis ◽  
Local Destruction ◽  
The Individual

<p>Morphological structure and chemical composition of environmental microplastics (MPs) extracted from water and bottom sediments of Lake Onego were studied. Raman spectroscopy was used to identify MPs polymer types and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive microanalysis was used to study the morphology and trace elements composition of inclusions on their surface. The features of the destruction of MPs, as well as the presence of various chemical elements on their surface including heavy metals, were investigated. Four main mechanisms of MPs microdestruction have been identified: (1) Local destruction of monophasic MPs caused by local oxidation and cleavage of thin flakes and fragments with the formation of nanoscale plastics. (2) The destruction of multiphase microplastics predominantly determined by the selective destruction of one of the phases of the composite, for example, the ligament scission between the individual components of the plastic with their separation. (3) Microbiological destruction of MPs under the influence of diatoms by fixing spores of diatoms on defects of MPs with their subsequent growth, deflection, and separation of nanoscale polymer particles. (4) Mineralogical destruction of MPs associated with the sorption of chemical elements and crystallization of nanocrystals, which under appropriate conditions begin to grow and break-up the MPs accelerating the process of its destruction. The last mechanism have not yet been reported. These mechanisms initiate nanoplastics formation, which increases particles mobility in the aquatic environment and their threat to water organisms. At the same time, the fouling with diatoms (with a silica shell) and the sorption of heavy elements increase the bulk specific density of MPs and contribute to its accumulation in bottom sediments.</p><p>The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant number 19-17-00035.</p>

Spiritual and moral bases of psychological safety of mining-students

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
A. V. Koteneva ◽  
◽  
P. V. Chelyshev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Individual

Psychological safety of a specialist’s personality in stressful situations is a condition of his successful professional work. The empirical study is devoted to the investigation of personal qualities (stress resistance, religiosity and moral stability) underlying the psychological safety of future miners. The research involved 52 students aged from 18 to 25 years (average age – 19.9 years), 30 males and 22 females. Research methods: “Diagnostics of personality’s psychological safety” by I. I. Prikhodko, “Questionnaire of religiosity” by I. S. Shemet, “Friend-adviser-1” (DS-1) by E. K. Veselova, “Questionnaire of psychological resistance to stress” by E. V. Raspopin, “Psychological stress scale PSM-25” by Lemur-Thesier-Fillion. Academic success was assessed on the basis of students’ academic performance. Methods of mathematical statistics were used for data processing – T-criterion for independent samples, correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study show that young men are characterized by a higher level of overall safety index and its specific components-motivational, volitional and internal comfort, as well as a lower level of stress, moral stability than young women. Significant positive connections between psychological safety of the person, all its components and stress resistance among students are revealed. Religiosity is significantly associated with the motivational and volitional characteristics of students, and is also the main predictor of psychological safety of the individual in life situations that exceed their own resources of coping with stress. Moral stability provides spiritual safety of personality, allows to keep the deep personal beginning of man. However, in a situation of moral choice, it increases students’ mental tension which negatively affects academic performance, while the psychological safety of the person is a condition for successful completion of the session. This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation № 19-18-00058.

Public Libraries in the Modern World

2018 ◽  
pp. 239-263
Author(s):  
M.N. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Public ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Independent Decision

Modern society has various needs such as education, research, cultural advancement, information, spiritual and ideological pursuits, pastime and recreation. Society has founded various institutions to serve these needs, among them the library occupies a prominent place; the library is able to meet all of them in equal measure. The public library is the local centre of information making all kinds of knowledge and information made available to its users. The public library, the local gateway to knowledge, provides a basic condition for lifelong learning, independent decision making and cultural development of the individual and social group. A public library as enunciated in the UNESCO Manifesto (1994) is expected to play the libraries role in three main areas like information, education and culture. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of how the public libraries support and guides the digital and modern world.

Online Social Constructivism

2010 ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ehrhardt
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Social Constructivist ◽  
Constructivist Learning Theory ◽  
Online Student ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Collaborative Learning Communities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Constructivist Learning

Renowned Soviet psychologist and father of social constructivist learning theory Lev Vygotsky (1978) stated: “Every function in the child’s cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level” (p. 57). In online practice, social constructivism involves students learning from and with each other in computer-mediated collaborative learning communities. In order for students and faculty to succeed in the online social constructivist environment these efforts demand institutional support. This chapter will introduce issues facing students and faculty that relate to the implementation of online social constructivism. Recommendations focusing on online student support and professional development will be offered as well as a discussion of future trends pointing toward a digital divide between the students of institutions who do support these practices and students of institutions in which faculty have to make do.

Pedagogic Theories

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Hämäläinen
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Pedagogic Theory

“Pedagogue” (παιδαγογος) was originally a term for a slave who was responsible for the care of children in the household. Later the meaning of the word expanded to mean educator and teacher. A pedagogic theory deals with the nature and structure of educational action, teaching, and upbringing. Pedagogic theories are connected with belief and value systems, concepts of man and society, and philosophies of knowledge and political interests. Thus, it is rather difficult to define a pedagogic theory exactly. In general, the concept of pedagogy refers to a systematic view of organizing education. It discusses the issues of how to educate and what it means to be educated. In this sense, a pedagogic theory is a theory of educational action, or a systematic view and reflection of pedagogic practice. Pedagogic theory is a systematic conceptualization of the process of education and conditions of human development in both the individual and the societal life sphere. It deals with processes of upbringing, teaching, learning, and social and cultural development. Aims and means, values and norms, and objectives and methods of education are systematically reflected therein. Pedagogic theory building starts with two fundamental anthropologic questions: What is a human being, and what should he or she be? Combining these questions, pedagogic theory examines educational aims and means of helping human beings to develop toward what they should be. Pedagogic reflection and theory building are based on the idea that—in the words of Immanuel Kant—a human being can become human only through education. Studying childhood from the vantage point of pedagogic theories focuses on the development of a pedagogic way of thinking over the course of time.

Social-Cognitive Theory of Personality Assessment

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Cervone ◽  
William G. Shadel ◽  
Simon Jencius
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Cognitive Principles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Determinants Of Action

This article presents a social-cognitive theory of personality assessment. We articulate the implications of social-cognitive theories of personality for the question of what constitutes an assessment of personality structure and behavioral dispositions. The theory consists of 5 social-cognitive principles of assessment. Personality assessments should (a) distinguish the task of assessing internal personality structures and dynamics from that of assessing overt behavioral tendencies, (b) attend to personality systems that function as personal determinants of action, (c) treat measures of separate psychological and physiological systems as conceptually distinct, (d) employ assessments that are sensitive to the unique qualities of the individual, and (e) assess persons in context. These principles are illustrated through a review of recent research. Social-cognitive theory is distinguished from an alternative theory of personality structure and assessment, 5-factor theory, by articulating the strategies of scientific explanation, conceptions of personality structure and dispositions, and the assessment practices that differentiate the approaches.

Intermetallic Phases Formation in Hot Dip Galvanizing Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kopyciński ◽  
Edward Guzik
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Protective Coating ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Isothermal Solidification ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Alloyed Layer ◽  
Undercooled Liquid ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Iron Sample ◽  
The Individual

The study describes the mechanism of structure formation in protective coating, growing on iron surface during hot-dip galvanizing. As a first stage of the galvanizing process, immediately after the iron sample has been dipped in galvanizing bath, a layer of frozen zinc is crystallizing on the sample surface. Next, as a result of isothermal solidification, an alloyed layer of the coating; composed of the sub-layers of intermetallic Fe-Zn phases, is formed. At the initial stage of the existence of the alloyed layer, another layer, that of undercooled liquid, is formed on the surface of iron dipped in liquid zinc. As a result of peritectic reactions under metastable conditions, the individual phases are born, forming sub-layers in the expected sequence of Γ1, δ and ζ.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF VALUE ORIENTATIONS IN STUDENTS-VOCALISTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (192) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Natalia Bitko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Active Perception ◽  
The Individual

In the article the author investigates the problem of formation of value orientations of students-vocalists during their studies in a higher educational pedagogical institution. The author believes that the peculiarities of the training of future students-vocalists in the university are the specifics of the age of students associated with early professional orientation and self-determination in the profession; in the organization of the educational process itself, due to the fact that individual classes in music disciplines are held, in the priority development by future music teachers not of fundamental scientific knowledge, but of practically necessary professional skills and abilities. In modern conditions of socio-cultural development, the problem of formation of value orientations of students-musicians becomes especially actual. It is generally accepted that music plays a special role in the life of an individual due to its ability to have a profound impact on the spiritual world of man. This action becomes much greater if the music affects not only externally (passive or active perception), but is also directly reproduced by the performer. In the process of performing, a deeper comprehension of a musical work continues, depending on its cognitive complexity, there is a positive or negative impact on the currently formed hierarchy of personal values. The value orientations of students in the process of musical performance are a prerequisite for the disclosure of aesthetic potentials, adjust not only the musical and aesthetic interests, but also the needs, tastes, ideals, views of young people and more. Acquiring these qualities, the individual joins the accumulated by mankind true values of life, culture and professional activity. The modern stage of music education is the foundation in the spiritual and moral development of the student, when the problem of value orientations of the student is considered as the most important element of the internal structure of personality, which allows to orient in the material and spiritual culture of society.

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