scholarly journals Creativity and its Assessment in Contemporary Foreign Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
N.B. Shumakova

The problem of determining the possibilities and methods of assessing creative potential is as relevant as it is debatable. The growing attention to this problem is associated with the recognition of creativity as one of the key “skills of the 21st century” and the need for its development. The article analyzes modern foreign approaches to measuring creativity in order to determine the main trends and prospects for the development of this direction. Measuring creativity through the prism of cognitive, conative, emotional and environmental variables is a historically well-established and, at the same time, widespread practice. There are two main approaches to measuring creative potential: related to resources, based on the study of abilities and personal characteristics associated with creativity, and holistic – measuring creativity with the help of tasks from different areas that imitate real creative work. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing measurement methods are discussed. The most modern and promising tool for assessing creativity – EPoC – stands out. A new vector in measuring the creative potential of children based on the dynamic assessment and taking into account the zone of proximal development is outlined – a move away from the statement of the level of manifestation of creativity to the use of methods for assessing the individual «profile of creativity» to determine the optimal options for the development of creative potential, career guidance and expertise of creative programs.

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
ILYA KAPLUNOVICH ◽  
◽  
SVETLANA KAPLUNOVICH ◽  

The founder of humanistic psychology A. Maslow claimed: those who have only a hammer as a tool are inclined to consider the problem as a naill. Is it possible to learn to see in subordinates not nails, but individuals of joint labor activity? What effective management methods are able to identify the true cause and hidden motives of the employee, influence them and get him to voluntarily accept the actions expected and necessary for the manager? The answer to these questions is the purpose of the described study. In management, the Japanese ”Five Why” method is widespread, which, according to the authors, is not productive enough. Having abandoned the formal-logical and relying on the causal-genetic method of research, the technology of adaptive learning in the zone of proximal development, the authors propose another, domestic approach, which has proven its greater efficiency. The article describes the technology of working with it in practice and its advantages. When using the «keyword» technology, the movement towards the result is purposeful. Within the framework of the individual logical trajectory it affects the reasoning of the employee, not the manager. With these questions, the manager constantly assesses and leads the subordinate into an individual zone of proximal development, and the discussion is held within it (that is, the developing effect of the employee’s reflections is ensured). Reliance on the keywords of the respondent ensures that there are no obstacles in the construction of inferences. If in the end there are obstacles, they are quickly leveled by relying on the next keyword of the respondent.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
James P. Lantolf ◽  
Jiao Xi ◽  
Valeriya Minakova

In the initial sociocultural theory (SCT) timeline, Lantolf and Beckett (2009) surveyed a broad spectrum of research informed by sociocultural psychology as it was extended into the field of second language acquisition and language teaching. Since that time, the amount of research that has been published within the SCT framework has grown exponentially. With regard to the educational setting, two major strands of research have emerged; one that addresses pedagogical practice and the other that deals with assessment. The assessment strand, Dynamic Assessment, adheres to principles that emerge from the SCT concept of the Zone of Proximal Development and is the topic of a separate timeline (see Poehner & Wang, forthcoming). The pedagogical strand, the topic of the present article, is generally referred to as Concept-based Language Instruction (C-BLI), although in some publications the rubric Concept-based Instruction (CBI) is used. Unfortunately, the abbreviation of the alternative rubric has on more than one occasion been confused with content-based instruction, also abbreviated as CBI. We would like to suggest here that it would be better if SCT researchers were to adopt C-BLI to avoid misinterpretations going forward.


FORUM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-230
Author(s):  
Mahboubeh Shorofi ◽  
Mohammad Saleh Sanatifar ◽  
Mansoor Tavakoli

Abstract For training translators in academic settings, the notion of translation bilingual sub-competence is fundamental. However, little research has addressed the practical methods for developing the trainees’ translation bilingual sub-competence. The present study investigated the impact of Group Dynamic Assessment on trainees’ translation bilingual sub-competence development and the ways it helps them develop their bilingual sub-competence. Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development and PACTE translation competence model served as the theoretical framework for the study. Methodologically, a mixed-methods study was designed. For the quantitative phase, a semi-experimental method, and for the qualitative phase, interviews were administered. The results confirmed that implementing a Group Dynamic Assessment developed the trainees’ translation bilingual sub-competence. The findings of the study can be used in professional development and in-service courses for the academic staff and could pave the way for further empirical research in translation pedagogy.


2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Simashkova ◽  
T.P. Klyushnik ◽  
A.A. Koval-Zaitsev ◽  
L.P. Yakupova

The article discusses the current state of the problem a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of infantile autism and early-onset schizophrenia, differentiation of these diseases. The purpose of this study, which has been conducted at the Mental Health Research Center, is to determine the biological (immunological and physiological), pathopsychological markers of infantile autism and early-onset schizophrenia for potential use as an additional differential diagnostic tool in the clinical evaluation of patients. Allocated to types of cognitive dizontogenezis, which are different and specific for infantile autism and early-onset schizophrenia. Timely early diagnosis of autism in childhood is important for follow-up habilitation. Habilitation of children can be built on the basis of the identification of the zone of proximal development, allowing adequately and correctly pick the individual correction programs for each sick child. In turn, the identification of the zone of proximal development can be performed using multidisciplinario approach.


2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Poehner

First introduced to the West by Vygotsky’s colleague, Luria (1961), the zone of proximal development (ZPD) has inspired an approach to evaluating learning potential known as dynamic assessment (DA). However, Vygotsky (1986) also conceived of the ZPD as a guiding principle for teaching to optimally affect learner development, a notion that has been enthusiastically researched in education. The field of applied linguistics takes as its point of departure a dialectical reading of Vygotsky, understanding assessment of the ZPD and teaching in the ZPD to be a unified process. To date, this work has focused on classroom contexts where the provision of mediation during teacher–learner interactions may simultaneously illuminate learner abilities and promote development. Examples are presented involving learners of French. D’abord introduite à l’Ouest par un collègue de Vygotsky, Luria (1961), la Zone Proximale de Développement (ZPD) a inspiré une approche visant à évaluer le potentiel d’apprentissage connue sous le nom d’Évaluation Dynamique (DA). Pourtant, Vygotsky (1986) concevait aussi la ZPD comme un principe capable de guider un enseignement visant à influencer de manière optimale le développement de l’élève, une notion qui a été explorée avec enthousiasme dans le domaine de l’éducation. Le champ de la linguistique appliquée prend comme point de départ une lecture dialectique de Vygotsky, comprenant l’évaluation de la ZPD et l’enseignement dans la ZPD dans un même processus. Jusqu’au présent, ce travail s’est centré sur les contextes de classe où l’offre de médiation au cours des interactions enseignant-élè ve peut simultanément éclairer des capacités de l’élève et promouvoir leur développement. Les exemples présentés concernent des élèves qui apprennent le français langue seconde. Zunächst von Vygotskys Kollegen Luria (1961) in der westlichen Welt vorgestellt, hat die Zone der proximalen Entwicklung (ZPE) einen Ansatz zur Untersuchung des Lernpotentials inspiriert, der als dynamische Diagnostik (Dynamic Assessment, DA) bekannt geworden ist. Vygotsky (1986) hat jedoch die ZPE auch als Leitprinzip für ein Lehren konzipiert, das optimalen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung des Lerners haben soll, eine Idee, die enthusiastisch im pädagogischen Feld untersucht wurde. Der Bereich der angewandten Linguistik nimmt als ihren Ausgangspunkt eine dialektische Auslegung von Vygotsky, bei dem die Erfassung der ZPE und das Unterrichten in dieser Zone als einheitlicher Prozess aufgefasst werden. Derzeit fokussiert diese Arbeit auf Klassenraumkontexten, wo die Bereitstellung von Mediation während Lehrer-Lerner-Interaktionen in simultaner Weise die Fähigkeiten der Lerner aufhellen kann und gleichzeitig Entwicklung fördert. Beispiele von Schülern aus dem Fremdsprachenunterricht werden vorstellt. La Zona de Desarrollo Próxima, introducida primeramente en occidente por Luria (1961), que fue discípulo de Vygotsky, ha inspirado un enfoque para evaluar el potencial de aprendizaje, entendido como una Evaluación Dinámica. Sin embargo, Vygotsky (1986) concibió la Zona de Desarrollo Próxima como una guía para la enseñanza y para optimizar el impacto del desarrollo del aprendiz, una noción que ha sido investigada de forma enfática en educación. El campo de la lingüística aplicada toma como punto de partida una lectura dialéctica de Vygotsky, una evaluación comprensiva de la Zona de Desarrollo Próxima y una enseñanza en dicha Zona para convertirlo en un proceso unificado. Este trabajo se ha focalizado en el contexto del aula, donde la provisión de la mediación se ha producido durante las interacciones entre el profesor y los estudiantes, lo cual permite iluminar simultáneamente las habilidades de los estudiantes e incrementar su desarrollo. Se presentan ejemplos relativos a estudiantes de Francés. La Zona di Sviluppo Prossimale (ZPD), sin dalla sua prima presentazione in Occidente da parte di Luria (1961) collega di Vygotsky, ha ispirato l’approccio di valutazione del potenziale di apprendimento noto come Valutazione Dinamica (DA). Tuttavia Vygotsky (1986) aveva anche concepito la ZPD come un principio guida per un insegnamento che abbia un impatto ottimale sullo sviluppo dello studente, una idea che è stata oggetto di ricerche entusiastiche in educazione. Il campo della linguistica applicata considera come punto di partenza una lettura dialettica di Vygotsky, intendendo la valutazione della ZPD e l’insegnamento nella ZPD come un processo unificato. Finora questo lavoro si è focalizzato sui contesti di classe, in cui la mediazione durante le interazioni docente-studente pu ò nello stesso tempo mettere in luce le abilit à dello studente e promuovere lo sviluppo. Vengono presentati esempi che coinvolgono studenti francesi.


Author(s):  
Barbara Bassot

RESUMENEste artículo explora un enfoque socio-constructivista emergente en la orientación para la carrera, centrándose en el concepto de ‘zona de desarrollo próximo’. Esto se realiza a través del análisis de una metáfora usada por uno de los estudiantes que participó en un estudio cualitativo en profundidad, a pequeña escala, sobre el proceso de toma de decisiones acerca de las opciones universitarias. Primero se contextualiza este estudio de caso dentro del estudio más amplio así como su fundamentación teórica, en la que se hace énfasis en la naturaleza activa y social del aprendizaje. La metáfora usada por el estudiante (“yo y mi futuro”, y “unir los puntos”) se describe a continuación para acercarnos al uso del concepto de la zona de desarrollo próximo en el contexto de la orientación de la carrera. Se hace énfasis en particular, en el rol del sujeto como agente y su participación activa como formas en que las personas pueden desarrollarse más allá de las expectativas de la sociedad.ABSTRACTThis article examines an emerging social constructivist approach to career guidance, with a particular focus on the concept of the zone of proximal development. This is done by examining a metaphor used by one of the students who took part in a small scale in-depth qualitative study, all of whom were in the process of making their university choices. Some background to the study is given in order to set the scene and the theoretical lens for the study is then described, emphasising the active and social nature of learning. The metaphor used by the student (“me and my future” and “joining the dots”) is then described and interpreted in order to put forward understandings of the zone of proximal development in the context of career guidance. In particular the role of agency and participation are highlighted as ways in which people can develop beyond the expectations of society.


2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. Zaretsky ◽  
I.A. Nikolaevskaia

This paper describes the possibility of using a multi-dimensional model of the zone of proximal development for a qualitative analysis of the cognitive-personal dynamics of a child’s development in the process of overcoming learning difficulties. The model was developed in the framework of the reflective activity approach to the provision of advisory assistance. The use of this model for analyzing the dynamics of the cognitive-personal development of a child makes it possible to establish “developmental steps” recorded as new formations in the cognitive abilities of the child and to determine the personal characteristics associated with the primary cognitive changes. A case of providing counseling psychological and pedagogical assistance by means of a reflective-activity approach was considered, the situation was assessed at the beginning of the counseling process and after 8 sessions, the main changes were reflected. To describe the initial and subsequent picture and the changes that occurred, a multi-dimensional model of the zone of proximal development was used.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Anauate ◽  
E Peters Kahhale

Caregiver orientation is very important to promote neurodevelopment on babies. Considering that relations are the key for this development of superior mental functions, we believe that all caregivers, teachers and parents should be present and paying attention to the children, providing opportunity for an ideal neurodevelopmentand humanization. It is important to orientate caregivers so that they can provide qualitative conditions, which integrate affection, conscience and action to promote development to occur according to the potential of the child. We believe that the individual constitutes himself by means of social contact. This work has the goal toapproach the theory which orientates, with specific guidelines and practical work, caregivers aiming a better child neurodevelopment. Bonds are necessary for a better and trustful relation. When you are present in a relation nervous connections are promoted and these lead to a more effective motor, cognitive and affectivedevelopment of the superior mental functions such as memory, attention, language, psychomotricity and executive functions. It uses didactically the following principles of the Social Historical theory of Luria and Vygotsky: mediation, functional units and zone of proximal development. Interactions between the brain and the formation of mental functions require the maturity of the nervous system as well as an active process that emphasizes relations of two or more human beings. Keywords: neurodevelopment, childhood, relation


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samran Daneshfar ◽  
Mehdi Moharami

Language assessment is the significant component of foreign language learning/ teaching. An aim of language assessment is to find about how much the process of education improves learners’ knowledge of the target language. One alternative to standardized testing, Dynamic Assessment derived from Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory offers a new insight into the field of assessment through integrating instruction and assessment. Dynamic assessment is a method of conducting a language testing to investigate and highlight the individual learner's possessed skills and potential development. The present study is going to display an overview of the importance of dynamic assessment in L2 learning, emphasizing the origins and principal concepts involved in the process. The study highlights the derivation of dynamic assessment from Vygotsky’s prominent sociocultural theory. Then it brings about an introduction to zone of proximal development the concept of which learner's cognitive development results through the application of dynamic assessment. Later the study discusses dynamic assessment in detail and introduces its differences with the traditional testing formats as well as introducing forms of dynamic assessment.


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