scholarly journals Out-Group Trust of the Russians in Multicultural Regions of Russia: the Role of Values and Intercultural Contacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-92
Author(s):  
V.N. Galyapina
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intercultural Relations ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Group Trust ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship of values and intercultural contacts with intergroup trust among the Russian ethnic minority in two multicultural regions of Russia — the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (RNO-A), the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (KBR). Background. The study of out-group trust is important for multicultural societies. Out-trust contributes to the harmonization of intercultural relations, overcoming unstable social interactions and leads to important public benefits, including personal and social well-being. However, in Russia, trust was studied among the ethnic majority and in the context of acculturation problems. Study design. We conducted a socio-psychological survey. Data collection took place in towns and villages of North Ossetia-A and KBR, where the Russians live compactly. We used the “snowball” method. Respondents received blank questionnaires, completed them and returned them to the researcher. Participants. The sample included 593 Russian respondents. In RSO-A, the sample included 291 re¬spondents (29% of men, average age M=44,6); in KBR the sample included 302 respondents (36% of men, average age M=42,7). Measurements. We used Personal Values Questionnaire — Revised (Schwartz), the Yamagishi scale of trust, the scale of intercultural friendship contacts from the Mutual Intercultural Relations in Plural Societies project (MIRIPS). Results. The results showed that in RNO-A, Openness to change values, Conservation values were positively associated, and Self-Enhancement values were negatively related to out-group trust through intercultural contacts only. Intensive intercultural contacts of Russians also moderated the positive relationship between Openness to change values and out-group trust. In KBR, Self-Enhancement values had direct and indirect (through intercultural contacts) negative effects on out-group trust only. Intercultural contacts also moderated the negative relationship between Self-Enhancement values and out-group trust. Conclusions. In general, the results showed that the characteristics of the sociocultural context determine the significance of different values for out-group trust. In the situation of favorable intercultural relations and in “the close” religious context (RNO-A), if the Russians interact intensively with the dominant ethnic group representatives, then their values focused on the self-direction thought and action, openness to the world increase out-group trust. In “the distant” religious context in the situation of interethnic tension (KBR), if the Russians interact intensively with dominant ethnic groups representatives, then their values of achievement, power, “preserving their own face” reduce out-group trust.

Displaced Older Adults’ Reactions to and Coping With the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1346-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Kamo ◽  
Tammy L. Henderson ◽  
Karen A. Roberto
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

Guided by an ecological perspective, the authors examined event, individual, structural/cultural, and family/community factors that shaped the psychological well-being of older adults displaced from New Orleans by Hurricane Katrina. The authors first established the negative effects of displacement on psychological well-being by comparing displaced older adults with permanent Baton Rouge residents. Displaced older persons’ psychological well-being was positively related to their age and physical health. Older displaced women coped with displacement better than men. Avoidant coping was negatively related to the older adults’ well-being, whereas spiritual coping showed no effect. The functioning of older persons’ family was positively related to their psychological well-being, whereas dependence on people outside immediate family showed a negative relationship. Income, education, and race were largely unrelated to psychological well-being. Findings provide implications for future studies regarding the relationship between disaster and psychological well-being and provide practitioners with suggestions for work with older adults displaced by disasters.

scholarly journals Measuring Main Public Health Indicators of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-203
Author(s):  
A. S. Omir ◽  
N. A. Abilkaiyr
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
The Republic

The article analyzes the level of health indicators to predict the state of this social system and create a certain vision. The list includes coefficients reflecting the general socio-economic situation of the population: the total number of births, deaths, maternal mortality, and mortality of children under five years of age. For a more detailed study of the situation in the health sector, the amount of funds allocated for this direction was also determined. Such ratios reflect the social and economic well- being of the population. Another key indicator of health is the dynamics of mortality from diseases. According to this indicator, the highest mortality in Kazakhstan is observed from diseases of the circulatory system, but nevertheless, the incidence has decreased, reflecting the effectiveness of the health care system. One of the main goals of the article is a correlation analysis of factors influencing the life expectancy of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Correlation analysis revealed positive and negative factors. While digital literacy and health spending are positively correlated with population life expectancy, the number of hospital organizations and the number of hospital beds showed a negative relationship. This study showed that the level of digital literacy of the population has a significant impact on life expectancy and lifestyle. This is evidenced by the fact that in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have used digital tools to isolate people from each other for safety reasons, thus influencing the overall lifestyle. Today, developed countries are rapidly digitizing the healthcare sector.

scholarly journals Associando a atuação superficial dos gestores ao seu burnout e engagement: O papel moderador das crenças de bem-estar eudaimonicas

Psychologica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Esther Gracia ◽  
Yolanda Estreder ◽  
Vicente Martínez-Tur
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Personal Resource ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dissonance Theory ◽  
Moderating Role

Managers display emotional labor in their interactions with workers, including surface acting (faking emotions). One critical challenge of research is to identify the factors that increase or reduce the negative effects of surface acting on wellbeing at work. “Contribution-to-others” wellbeing beliefs (COWBs) could play a moderating role. COWBs refer to an eudaimonic belief that reflects the degree to which individuals think their own well‐being is based on helping others. To test the moderating role of COWBs, we measured the two central dimensions of burnout and engagement: exhaustion and vigor. Two competing hypotheses were considered. First, based on cognitive dissonance theory, COWBs accentuate the negative relationship between surface acting and wellbeing because individuals are forced to act in a way (surface acting) that is contrary to their beliefs. Second, based on the Job Demands-Resources model, COWBs are a personal resource that protects against the negative effects of surface acting. A total of 95 managers in organizations for individuals with intellectual disability participated in the study. Results supported COWBs as a positive resource, but only for vigor. COWBs mitigated the negative link from surface acting to vigor. By contrast, COWBs did not play a significant moderating role in the prediction of exhaustion.

scholarly journals Ranking the Russian Regions by the Technological Development of Retail Trade

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 4087-4094
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Online Trading ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The purpose of the study is to rank the Russian regions by the technological development of retail trade. The components of the technological development of retail trade are justified in the article; a method for calculating particular and general indicators of the technological development of retail trade in the region is proposed; the Russian regions are ranked based on the proposed indicators, the regions are grouped by the level of technological development of retail trade; and the regions representing "best practice", as well as the regions that require the improvement of trading technologies are revealed. The ranking outcomes indicated that trading technologies in the regions of Russia were developed unevenly and insufficiently in most regions. The online trading development is the most relevant area of the technological development of retail trade in the Russian regions. Out of the leaders in the ranking, the Tomsk and Novosibirsk regions demonstrate the best practices of the technological development of retail trade, which can be used in other regions of Russia. The regions of Russia that require the improvement of trading technologies primarily include the Republic of Dagestan, the Chechen Republic, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Republic of Buryatia, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, the Republic of Kalmykia, the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, the Sakhalin region, and the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. Besides, Sevastopol and the Republic of Ingushetia are the problem regions.

Some new and interesting mosses (Bryophyta) from Republic of North Ossetia — Alania

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 322-327
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Doroshina ◽  
I. A. Nikolajev ◽  
Yu. V. Lavrinenko
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Ossetia

Fissidens gracilifolius, Leptodontium flexifolium, Lindbergia dagestanica, Tortella bambergeri are recorded for the first time in the Republic of North Osetia — Alania. Rare species for the Republic are discussed: Fabronia ciliaris, F. pusilla, Lindbergia grandiretis, Tortula modica, Weissia wimmeriana, Zygodon rupestris.

Optimism

2009 ◽  
pp. 302-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Carver ◽  
Michael F. Scheier ◽  
Daniel Fulford
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Seriously Ill

Optimism is expecting good things to occur in one's life. Such positive expectations are associated with higher subjective well-being, even under conditions of stress or adversity. In contrast, pessimists respond to adversity with more intense negative feelings. There are also differences in the manner in which optimists and pessimists try to cope with adversity. Optimists tend to put the best face on the adversity, but they acknowledge its existence and its importance, and they try to do as much as possible to resolve whatever problems can be resolved. Pessimists are more likely to distance themselves from the problem and put off doing anything about it as long as possible. They are also more likely to give up trying, if things remain difficult. Some kinds of problem solution is proactive, engaged in before the problem arises. Optimists also tend to engage in such proactive efforts, including taking actions to minimize various kinds of health risks. Perhaps, as a consequence of these preventive steps, optimists also tend to have better health than pessimists. They seem to heal faster from wounds, and there is some evidence that when they are seriously ill they experience slower disease progression. It has been suggested that optimists sometimes are no better off than pessimists, and sometimes are worse off: that their confidence can get them into situations where it is difficult to cope effectively. Evidence of such negative effects of optimism does exist, but it is relatively sparse.

scholarly journals School-Based Mind–Body Interventions: A Research Review

Human Arenas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Cozzolino ◽  
Deborah R. Vivo ◽  
Giovanna Celia
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Twelfth Graders ◽  
School Based ◽  
Current Review ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
School Curricula

AbstractThis paper contains a narrative review of the literature in the field of school-based mind–body interventions (MBIs). The aim of the current review is to verify whether the school-based MBI programs implemented in primary and secondary schools over the past 5 years are effective in helping schoolchildren cope with stress-related, behavioral, and affective issues, as well as improve stress response and school performance. All articles were retrieved using a number of databases. Inclusion criteria comprised qualitative and quantitative, English language, and peer-reviewed studies among third graders (8–9 years old) to twelfth graders (17–18 years old), including special needs pupils. Qualitative studies were limited to pupils’ experience only. Ten studies meeting the criteria for this review were assessed. The school-based interventions included yoga-based programs and mindfulness training. Evidence was evaluated and summarized. Across the reviewed studies, we found support for MBIs as part of school curricula to reduce negative effects of stress and promote overall well-being with caveats to consider in choosing specific programs. The practical implications of the current review include considerations related to the incorporation of MBIs in school curricula, which would likely benefit schoolchildren.

Sexual harassment and psychological complaints: student- and class-level associations

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Brolin Låftman ◽  
Y Bjereld ◽  
B Modin ◽  
P Löfstedt
Keyword(s):  
School Climate ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
School Class ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Students who are subjected to sexual harassment at school report lower psychological well-being than those who are not exposed. Yet, it is possible that the occurrence of sexual harassment in the school class is stressful also for those who are not directly targeted, with potential negative effects on well-being for all students. The aim was to examine whether sexual harassment at the student- and at the class-level was associated with students' psychological complaints. Methods Data from the Swedish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) of 2017/18 was used, with information from students aged 11, 13 and 15 years (n = 3,720 distributed across 209 classes). Psychological complaints were constructed as a summative index of four items capturing how often the student had felt low, felt irritable or bad tempered, felt nervous, or had difficulties to fall asleep, during the past six months (Cronbach's alpha=0.78). Sexual harassment at the student-level was measured by one item concerning bullying at school: “Other students have exposed me to sexual jokes”. Students who reported that this had happened at least “2 or 3 times a month” were classified as exposed to sexual harassment at school. Sexual harassment at the class-level was defined as the school class proportion of students exposed to sexual harassment, reported in per cent. Two-level linear regression analysis was applied. Results Students who had been exposed to sexual harassment had higher levels of psychological complaints (b = 2.74, p < 0.001). The proportion of students in the school class who had been exposed to sexual harassment was also associated with higher levels of psychological complaints, even when adjusting for sexual harassment at the student-level, gender and grade (b = 0.03, p = 0.015). Conclusions Sexual harassment is harmful for those who are exposed, but may also affect other students negatively. Thus, a school climate free from sexual harassment will profit all students. Key messages Using data collected among students aged 11, 13 and 15 years, this study showed that sexual harassment at the student- and class-level was associated with higher levels of psychological complaints. Sexual harassment is harmful for those who are exposed, but may also affect other students negatively. Thus, a school climate free from sexual harassment will profit all students.

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