scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant capacities of Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Monodora myristica using in vitro and in vivo models

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Chioma E. Irozuru Irozuru ◽  
Janet O. Olugbodi ◽  
Uche Okuu Arunsi ◽  
Olusola Ladeji
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Monodora Myristica

Background: Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Monodora myristica are commonly sourced food condiments in every household in Nigeria. In the present study, we investigated the phytochemical compositions, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of these plants. Methods: The aqueous extracts from the A. cepa, A. sativum, and M. myristica were evaluated for phytochemical composition using standard protocols while the antioxidant activities were evaluated using the reducing power assay. Forty-five (45) Male Wistar rats (weighing 185±10 g) were divided into five groups (n=9) and were orally administered with 100 mg/kg BW each of A. sativum, M. myristica, A. cepa, and ascorbic acid while the control group received 0.5 mL/kg BW distilled water alone. Animals (n=3) from each group were sacrificed after the 20th, 25th, and 30th days of oral administration. The blood and tissue samples were collected for the analysis of biochemical parameters. Result: Our results revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and terpenes in the plant extracts. A. sativum had the highest reducing power capacity followed by M. myristica and then A. cepa. The in vitro antioxidants activities demonstrated by the plant extracts were higher than that of ascorbic acid but less than butylated hydroxytoluene. In vivo antioxidant studies showed a marked increase (p<0.05) in the level of catalase with a concurrent decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of MDA and H2O2 in the liver and kidney of rats administered with aqueous extracts of the condiments compared to the normal control and ascorbic acid in the following order control < ascorbic acid < A. cepa < M. myristica < A. sativum. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we infer that the aqueous extracts of A. cepa, A. sativum, and M. myristica are rich in antioxidants and as a result could serve as promising novel functional foods and nutraceuticals

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties ofPhaulopsis fascisepalaC.B.Cl. (Acanthaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Adesegun ◽  
A. Fajana ◽  
C. I. Orabueze ◽  
H. A. B. Coker
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chelating Ability

The antioxidant activities of crude extract ofPhaulopsis fascisepalaleaf were evaluated and compared with α-tocopherol and BHT as synthetic antioxidants and ascorbic acid as natural-based antioxidant.In vitro, we studied its antioxidative activities, radical-scavenging effects, Fe2+-chelating ability and reducing power. The total phenolic content was determined and expressed in gallic acid equivalent. The extract showed variable activities in all of thesein vitrotests. The antioxidant effect ofP. fascisepalawas strongly dose dependent, increased with increasing leaf extract dose and then leveled off with further increase in extract dose. Compared to other antioxidants used in the study, α-Tocopherol, ascorbic acid and BHT,P. fascisepalaleaf extract showed less scavenging effect on α,α,-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and less reducing power on Fe3+/ferricyanide complex but better Fe2+-chelating ability. These results revealed thein vitroantioxidant activity ofP.fascisepala.Further investigations are necessary to verify these activitiesin vivo.

IN VITRO HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECTS OF CAESALPINIA BONDUCELLA AND MYRISTICA FRAGRANS SEED EXTRACTS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (02) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
M. A Bhutkar ◽  
◽  
S. D Bhinge ◽  
D. S. Randive ◽  
G. H Wadkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
Glucose Diffusion ◽  
Caesalpinia Bonducella

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the hypoglycemic potential of Caesalpinia bonducella (C.bonducella) and Myristica fragrans (M.fragrans), employing various in vitro techniques. The extracts of seeds of C. bonducella and M. fragrans were studied for their effects on glucose adsorption capacity, in vitro glucose diffusion, in vitro amylolysis kinetics and glucose transport across the yeast cells. It was observed that the plant extracts under study adsorbed glucose and the adsorption of glucose increased remarkably with an increase in glucose concentration. There were no significant (p≤0.05) differences between their adsorption capacities. The results of amylolysis kinetic experimental model revealed that the rate of glucose diffusion was found to be increased with time from 30 to 180 min and both the plant extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on movement of glucose into external solution across dialysis membrane as compared to control. Also, the plant extracts promoted glucose uptake by the yeast cells. It was observed that the enhancement of glucose uptake was dependent on both the sample and glucose concentration. C. bonducella extract exhibited significantly higher (p≤0.05) activity than the extract of M. fragrans at all concentrations. The results of the study verified the hypoglycemic activity of the extracts of C. bonducella and M. fragrans. However, the observed effects exhibited by the extracts of seeds of C. bonducella and M. fragrans need to be confirmed by using different in vivo models and clinical trials for their effective utilization as therapeutic agents in better management of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Ajuga Bracteosa Transgenic Regenerants Display Better Pharmacological Potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samina Rubnawaz ◽  
Waqas Khan Kayani ◽  
Nosheen Akhtar ◽  
Rashid Mahmood ◽  
Furrukh Mehmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Hydroxyl Ion ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Endangered Medicinal Herb

Abstract Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth is an endangered medicinal herb used against different ailments in folklore medicines. Here, we aimed to create a new insight to the fundamental mechanisms of genetic transformation in the ethnomedicinal usage of this plant. We transformed the plant with rol genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and raised the regenerants from the hairy roots. The transgenic regenerants were screened for in vitro antioxidant activities, a range of in vivo assays, and linked the activities with elemental analysis, polyphenol content and different phytochemicals found through HPLC. Among 18 polyphenolic standards, kaempferol was found most abundant in all transgenic lines (up to 101.26 ± 6 µg/mg). Furthermore, among all tested plant extracts, transgenic line 3 (ABRL3) showed maximum phenolics (13.39 ± 2µg GAE/mg) and flavonoids content (4.75 ± 0.16 µg QE/mg). ABRL3 also demonstrated potent total antioxidant capacity (8.16 ± 1 µg AAE/mg), total reducing power, (6.60 ± 1.17 µg AAE/mg), DPPH activity (IC50 = 59.5 ± 0.8µg/mL), hydroxyl ion scavenging (IC50 = 122.5 ± 0.90 µg/mL), and iron chelating power (IC50 = 154.8 ± 2 µg/mL) among all plants. Transformed plant extracts also produced significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and antidepressant properties in in vivo mice model as compared to control untransformed plant material. Additionally, no abnormal behavior or lethality was observed in any animal tested. In conclusion, transgenic regenerants of A. bracteosa pose better pharmacological properties under the effect of rol genes as compared to wild type plants.

scholarly journals Polyphenol Rich Ajuga bracteosa Transgenic Regenerants Display Better Pharmacological Potential

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4874
Author(s):  
Samina Rubnawaz ◽  
Nosheen Akhtar ◽  
Rashid Mahmood ◽  
Asif Khan ◽  
Mohammad K. Okla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Rol Genes ◽  
Hydroxyl Ion ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Endangered Medicinal Herb

Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth. is an endangered medicinal herb traditionally used against different ailments. The present study aimed to create new insight into the fundamental mechanisms of genetic transformation and the biological activities of this plant. We transformed the A. bracteosa plant with rol genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and raised the regenerants from the hairy roots. These transgenic regenerants were screened for in vitro antioxidant activities, a range of in vivo assays, elemental analysis, polyphenol content, and different phytochemicals found through HPLC. Among 18 polyphenolic standards, kaempferol was most abundant in all transgenic lines. Furthermore, transgenic line 3 (ABRL3) showed maximum phenolics and flavonoids content among all tested plant extracts. ABRL3 also demonstrated the highest total antioxidant capacity (8.16 ± 1 μg AAE/mg), total reducing power, (6.60 ± 1.17 μg AAE/mg), DPPH activity (IC50 = 59.5 ± 0.8 μg/mL), hydroxyl ion scavenging (IC50 = 122.5 ± 0.90 μg/mL), and iron-chelating power (IC50 = 154.8 ± 2 μg/mL). Moreover, transformed plant extracts produced significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and antidepressant activities in BALB/c mice models. In conclusion, transgenic regenerants of A. bracteosa pose better antioxidant and pharmacological properties under the effect of rol genes as compared to wild-type plants.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Fungi Associated with Onion (Allium cepa) Bulb Rot during Post Harvest

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Theresa E. Omara- Achong ◽  
Peggy A. Okey ◽  
Edward N. Okey ◽  
Patience M. Ukpong
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Onion Bulb ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Bulb Rot

Post-harvest deterioration is a major problem of onions (Allium cepa) in Nigeria. The use of chemicals has been the main control measure. Chemicals are hazardous and environmentally unfriendly. There is therefore, a need for search for effective bio-pesticides as alternatives. A survey of fungal onions diseases was conducted in two markets in Mkpat Enin Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Two hundred onions bulbs (100 from each market) were collected separately from the two markets. The collected bulbs were put into separate polythene bags before taken to the laboratory for macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Fungal isolates were obtained from naturally infected bulbs and their pathogenicity confirmed using Kochs’ postulate. In vivo and in vitro testing based on growth inhibition were also carried out to determine the efficacy of the aqueous plant extracts. Phytochemical analysis of alcohol extracts was conducted following standard procedures. Results of market surveys indicated disease incidences of 26% and 23% from Akpaden and Ukam markets, respectively. Three fungal species were isolated and identified as Botrytis allii, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria porri. Pathogenicity tests confirmed these isolates to be common agents of onion bulb rot. In vitro testing of Chromolaena odorata and Mangiferia indica leaf extracts at 10, 20 and 30% concentrations showed inhibitory effects of both extracts with increasing concentrations on the pathogens. C. odorata extracts indicated significantly higher inhibition, compared to M. indica. In vivo tests of the extracts also showed a significant growth inhibition of the pathogens on onion bulb rot, compared to the control. Phytochemical screening of the extracts indicated the presence of tannins, saponins, polyphenols and flavonoids. The antifungal activities of these extracts and their availability makes them potential control agents of fungal onion rot. C. odorata and M. indica plant extracts should therefore, be further explored as alternatives bio-control agents or onions fungal rot.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Antifungal Activity of Some Traditional Medicinal Plant Extracts against Alternaria solani (Tomato Early Blight Pathogen) in Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meseret Tadelo ◽  
Tamirat Wato ◽  
Tilahun Negash
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

Background: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) belongs to the family Solanaceae. In Ethiopia, control of early blight is largely dependent on fungicidal application. There is a research need to identify effective botanical extracts to control Alternaria solani that cause early blight of tomato and for evaluation of plant extracts through different solvents on the target pathogen. Methods: In vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of crude extracts of 16 selected medicinal plants against Alternaria solani. Thus, crude extracts were extracted from medicinal plants with different solvents (methanol, ethanol and petroleum at (25%, 50% and 100%) concentrations. The Alternaria solani was isolated from infected tomato leaves showing early blight symptoms. Evaluation of plant extracts was carried out against Alternaria solani using food poisoned technique on PDA. Result: Results showed that most of the methanolic extract plants were showed significant inhibition of the mycelial growth as compared to ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts. A higher rate of mycelial reduction was recorded by ethanol extracts of Allium sativum at all concentrations (100%) followed by methanol extracts of Allium sativum at 25%, 50%, 100% concentration (90.02%, 97.01%, 100% respectively). The effectiveness of extracts against Alternaria solani depends on use at the higher concentrations and various solvents. For crude extracts that have shown higher inhibitory effects against Alternaria solani in vitro conditions, actual chemical compounds should be identified. Furthermore, it is also important to evaluate these plants on other microbes, study to test in vivo and to assess their real potential field condition wherever early blight is an important disease of tomato.

scholarly journals ATIVIDADE DE BIOEXTRATOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PHOMOPSIS PHASEOLI VAR. SOJAE, FUSARIUM SP. E NO TRATAMENTO DE SEMENTES DE SOJA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Pascuali ◽  
José Wilson Pires Carvalho ◽  
Aniele Arvani Souza ◽  
Larissa Regina Ballerini Gonçales ◽  
Armando da Silva Filho
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Phomopsis Phaseoli

As doenças de plantas são responsáveis por perdas econômicas em todos os cultivos, afetam as plantas no campo e as sementes durante o armazenamento. Diferentes técnicas de controle de patógenos são utilizadas para minimizar impactos negativos, entre elas têm-se usado bioextratos, os quais se apresentam como alternativas desejáveis comparados ao controle químico convencional. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a atividade antifúngica in vitro e in vivo de extratos de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.), cipreste (Cupressus sp.) e tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.), alho (Allium sativum L.) cebola (Allium cepa L.) e gengibre (Zingiber officinalis L.) com diferentes processos de elaboração, contra Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae, Fusarium sp., e a influência na germinação e no vigor de sementes de soja. Os bioextratos foram preparados utilizando-se 40 g de plantas (in natura e seco a 55± 2°C) e solução água-metanol (1:3). Os extratos, após filtrados e evaporado o álcool, foram divididos em duas frações, uma delas foi autoclavada e ambas aplicadas nos isolados de culturas puras e diretamente nas sementes de soja. A secagem promoveu melhora na eficiência dos bioextratos de alho, cebola e gengibre no controle in vitro de Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae enquanto que os de cipestre e pinhão manso foram menos efetivos. A autoclavagem resultou em perda da capacidade fungitóxica do bioextrato de alho, enquanto no de cebola afetou negativamente o vigor das sementes a 10% v/v. O extrato de alho seco não autoclavado controlou eficientemente o desenvolvimento de Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae in vitro. Os demais bioextratos não apresentaram eficiência significativa no controle dos patógenos. Todos os bioextratos conferiram à semente de soja índice de germinação inferior quando comparado ao tratamento com Carbendazin+Tiran. O bioextrato de cebola, gengibre ambos in natura não autoclavado e de tiririca desidratada não autoclavado melhoraram significativamente o percentual de plântulas normais, comparado à testemunha. Entretanto, os bioextratos não diminuíram a contaminação das sementes por Fusarium spp. e Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae. Portanto, o processo de autoclavagem é uma etapa importante podendo afetar de maneira diferente a eficiência dos bioextratos estudados, assim como o processo de secagem da matéria vegetal antes da preparação dos bioextratos.

Biological Nature Of Platelet Inhibitors From Allium Cepa, Allium Sativum And Auricularia Polytrica

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar N Makheja ◽  
Chow Eng Low ◽  
J Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Lipoxygenase Pathway ◽  
Dimethyl Trisulfide ◽  
Dependent Inhibition

Several lines of evidence indicate that extracts of onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum) or Chinese black tree fungus (Auricularia polytrica) inhibit platelet aggregation both in-vitro and in-vivo.A systematic study showed that aqueous extracts of these vegetables produced a dose-dependent inhibition of ADP, arachidonic acid (AA) or collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Onion and garlic juices were extracted sequentially into petroleum ether and diethyl ether. The anti-platelet activity in the aqueous phases was completely inactivated by purified adenosine deaminase. The activity in the petroleum ether layer was further characterised by its effects on the metabolism of 14C-AA by platelets. This oily fraction of onion and garlic suppressed thromboxane synthesis completely and induced a redistribution in the products of the lipoxygenase pathway. Adenosine and allicin (found in the ether layer) inhibited aggregation without affecting AA metabolism. Preparative GC and GC/MS studies showed that the activity of the oily fraction was due principally to paraffinic polysulfides (PPS) of which dimethyl trisulfide was one of the most active. Authentic samples of dimethyl trisulfide duplicated the effects of onion and garlic oils on both aggregation and AA metabolism.

scholarly journals Role of Natural Products in Aging Skin

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendran Sekar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments

Aging is an unavoidable progression in everyone's life and influenced by lifestyle, genetic as well as environmental factors. Herbal and plant extracts are used as antiaging since ancient times, but the evidence are still limited. Recent developments in antiaging investigation anticipated the use of natural products as the main ingredient in the formulations. Hence, this presentation focused to highlight the importance of twelve most popular medicinal plant extracts that have reported to have skin aging prevention potential. All these natural product extracts have a capacity to scavenge free radicals and defend skin matrix over the inhibition of enzymatic degradation. Some of the extracts promotes collagen synthesis in the skin and also affect the skin tightness and elasticity. However, the use of natural product extracts as an antiaging and anti-wrinkling it should be further explored using a wide range of in-vitro and in-vivo models to confirm its safety and efficacy before proceeding into the development of cosmetic products.  

scholarly journals Cognitive Enhancing, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase and Antioxidant Properties of Tagetes erecta against Diazepam Induced Amnesia in Rodents.

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ganga Raju ◽  
S. Srilakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Oxidative stress can be involved in cognitive dysfunction associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Diazepam (DZP) administration has been chosen to simulate the memory impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate Anti-amnesic activity of methanolic extract of Tagetes erecta flower heads using in-vitro and in-vivo models. The extract was also evaluated for its anti-oxidant potential. Anti-amnesic activity of the extract was screened by using diazepam induced (acute) amnesic model using actophotometer and cook’s pole climbing apparatus. In-vitro anticholinesterase (AChE) using Ellman’s assay was estimated. Anti-oxidant potential of the extract was evaluated by using reducing power and lipid peroxidation assays. The acute toxicity studies revealed that the extract was safe up to 2000 mg/kg bd. wt. The METE at two doses levels 200 and 400 mg/kg bd. wt reversed the memory deficit induced by diazepam in mice models. The extract significantly scavenged the free radicals in dose dependant manner. The presence of active constituents like flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids and phenols in methanolic extract of flower heads of Tagetes erecta might be responsible for its anti-amnesic, anti-cholinesterase and anti-oxidant activity.

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