scholarly journals THE GENESIS OF EUTHANASIA IN EVOLUTION OF STATE AND LAW

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (70) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Armens Gabrieljans
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
General Description ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
History Of

The aim of this article is to analyze the epistemological study of euthanasia, as well as provides the general description of euthanasia in the historical development of the country and legislation. Euthanasia being a socio-legal phenomenon has very ancient historical roots. However, euthanasia has been highlighted as a scientific research object only at the end of the nineteenth century; thus, euthanasia has been classified as an independent scientific approach. In the history of state and law attitude towards euthanasia phenomenon can be divided into four main periods which coincide with global stages in history of mankind. Each of these stages had specific traditions concerning the issue of this kind of ending one’s life.

scholarly journals «GERMAN GRAMMAR» BY JACOB GRIMM AND SCHOOL GERMAN GRAMMAR BOOKS IN THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY GERMANY

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Lukin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Native Language ◽  
German Language ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
History Of Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The article is devoted to the place of J. Grimm's «German grammar» among school German grammar books of the XIX century Germany. The work that appeared at the beginning of the century opened a new page in the history of linguistics – the development of comparative historical language study and the formation of linguistics as a science. The paper provides information on some of the most important German grammar textbooks in Germany of the XIX century, used in secondary schools. They were grammar books by J. Ch. Gottsched, J. Ch. Adelung, J. Ch. A. Heyse, J. G. Radlof, S. G. A. Herling, F. J. Schmitthenner, M. W. Götzinger, etc. The author of the article compares J. Grimm's «German grammar» with the above-mentioned grammar works of that time and puts forward a hypothesis that in the XIX century Germany there appeared an opposition between scientific approach to grammar and that of school grammar books, which, according to the author, reflects dramatically different goals set by both sides. Unlike school textbooks which task is to consistently initiate students into the system of their native language, often on the basis of the matrix created by Alexandrian grammarians, scientific grammar is based on the results of linguistic research and seeks to answer questions about language phenomena. J. Grimm rejected any normative grammar based on logics, that resulting in the aversion on the part of the pedagogical community. Nevertheless, the publication of «German grammar» resulted in appearance of German language textbooks the writers of which tried to build their work on the basis of Grimm’s work, thereby contributing to the popularization of the ideas of the great linguist both among the pedagogical community and the students (A. F. H. Vilmar and K. A. J. Hoffmann).

Population Movements and Political Changes in Nineteenth Century France

1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
G. de Bertier de Sauvigny
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Political History ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
History Of

The political history of France, as usually recorded, appears to be a conflict of parties, ideologies and ideologists: liberals against conservatives, royalists against republicans, and radicals against politicians of moderate tendencies. The Marxian conception of history has fortunately contributed to directing scientific research toward economic factors which might explain the attitude taken by this or that social group in certain circumstances, or might account for the progress of some parties in a specific region. Yet, research in that direction does not appear to have achieved any sensational discovery: to reduce all political history to a struggle between the “haves” and the “have-nots” is oversimplification and does not account for the disconcerting complexity of political strife in nineteenth century France.

The Creative Response in Economic History

1947 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Schumpeter
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
History Of

Economic historians and economic theorists can make an interesting and socially valuable journey together, if they will. It would be an investigation into the sadly neglected area of economic change.As anyone familiar with the history of economic thought will immediately recognize, practically all the economists of the nineteenth century and many of the twentieth have believed uncritically that all that is needed to explain a given historical development is to indicate conditioning or causal factors, such as an increase in population or the supply of capital. But this is sufficient only in the rarest of cases.

PER UN ARCHIVIO DELLA CORRISPONDENZA DEGLI SCIENZIATI ITALIANI

Nuncius ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 681-719
Author(s):  
LUCIANO CARBONE ◽  
FRANCO PALLADINO ◽  
ROMANO GATTO
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Mathematical Research ◽  
Conic Sections ◽  
Kingdom Of Naples ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mathematical Sciences ◽  
The University

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title Federico Amodeo (1859-1946) was a mathematician and a historian of the mathematical sciences. As a mathematician he was "libero docente" at the University of Naples. His interests extended from projective to algebric geometry and his mathematical research was carried out for the most part from the mid-1880s until the end of the nineteenth century. As a historian he was active from the first years of the twentieth century until his death. In this capacity he was interested in mathematics, mathematicians and institutions in the Kingdom of Naples (later the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, from 1815), and also in the historical development of analytical and projective geometry and the history of conic sections. He held the chair in History of Mathematics in the University of Naples from 1905 until 1910, the year in which the chair was suppressed. Nonetheless he continued to teach this subject as a "libero docente" until 1923. Here we present the list of more than 1.300 writings, constituting his Correspondence, amongst which the letters of Castelnuovo, Pascal, Peano, Segre and Achille Sannia are of particular significance. We also present the complete list of his publications, reconstructed thanks to the consultation of incomplete printed bibliographies and a manuscript list.

History of instruments used for mastoidectomy

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mudry
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Mastoid Surgery

AbstractAim:To present the historical development of specific instruments used for mastoidectomy and their resulting implications for this surgery.Method:Compilation of original written documents, trade catalogues and collections of instruments used in mastoid surgery, with a review of the secondary literature on the subject.Results:The first surgical opening of the mastoid was performed by Petit in 1736 with a trepanation system. More than one and a half centuries later, in 1873, Schwartze codified the operation using chisels and gouges. At the end of the nineteenth century, Macewen introduced the electrical dental burr for mastoid surgery, but it remained largely unrecognised. At the beginning of the 1950s, the systematic use of the microscope in ear surgery allowed generalised use of the drill and improvement of the suction-irrigation system.Conclusion:Three instrumental periods are recognisable in the history of mastoidectomy: the trepan period, the chisel and gouge period, and the electrical drill period.

scholarly journals Scientific Bibliographic Description of the Collections of Russian Literature Abroad in the Russian State Library (to the History of Problem)

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja E. Babicheva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Electronic Form ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Library

Scientific bibliographic description of collections, which includes bibliographic description of the holding items, their systematization and scientific research, serves to disclose the library holdings. The purpose of the article is to study the process of scientific bibliographic description of the collections of Russian literature abroad in the Russian State Library (RSL) in its historical development. The author shows the evolution of this activity carried out by specialists of various departments of the RSL, and using reference to specific scientific articles on the theory of bibliography explains the importance of scientific bibliographic description of collections for creation of retrospective national bibliography.The author analyses and systematizes several dozen works related to the scientific bibliographic description of the Russian literature abroad in the RSL. This part of Rossika in the Library is mainly a single array. The work on its scientific bibliographic description is carried out in the traditional (printed) form, in modern (electronic) form, responding to contemporary trends, as well as in parallel in both forms.The article presents the consolidated list of local databases (DB) of Russian literature abroad, created in the RSL. Two main types of DB are distinguished: 1) Established on the basis of the collections of Russian literature abroad and intended mainly for their disclosure. The names of these resources fully reflect their essence: “Photographs in the Collection...”, “Publications with the owner’s marks from the Collections...”, “Displaced cultural values in the Collection...”; 2) Consolidated databases based on the collections of Russian literature abroad and a number of other sources. It is reflected and even underlined in the title, for example: “Consolidated catalogue of periodicals and continuing editions of Russian abroad in Moscow libraries”.The author collected and analysed scientific articles of the RSL researchers, revealing the history of these databases, the principles of their construction, the goals, objectives, opportunities and prospects. The article presents correlation between the database and traditional bibliographic indexes of Russian literature abroad in the RSL, as well as lists the cases when the DB is based on the index or, conversely, database serves as the basis for it. The author lists, systematizes and briefly describes traditional bibliographic indexes of the collections of Russian literature abroad created by the staff of the Russian State Library, as well as shows how to use technical possibilities in the indexes placed on electronic media.

scholarly journals Some questions of the history of the formation of the system of criminalistic knowledge

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
V. O. V. O.
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Special Part ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Periods

The article discusses the problematic issues of the historical preconditions for the formation of the system of criminalistics knowledge. Analyzed the scientific works of scientists and practitioners of law enforcement agencies regarding the system of criminalistics knowledge and criminalistics science. The importance of taking into account the historical period regarding the formation of the structure and system of criminalistics knowledge is emphasized. Systematization of criminalistics knowledge took place in several stages. Thus, one of the first to summarize and classify criminalistics knowledge was Hans Gross. Similarly, SM Tregubov and RA Reiss attempted to form a system of criminalistics knowledge in their scientific works. A. I. Vinberg and B. M. Shaver in their work argued for the need to distinguish in criminalistics science of the general and special part. In certain historical periods, different views were proposed on the formation of a system of criminalistics knowledge, which is associated with the historical development of society at that time, the state of scientific research on the detection, detection and investigation of criminal offenses. Depending on the historical stages, practitioners and scientists offered their own system of criminalistics knowledge and criminalistic science.

La visión de Carmen Rovira sobre la filosofía mexicana

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Ambrosio Velasco Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Outstanding Contribution ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Original Works ◽  
Mexican Philosophy ◽  
History Of

The main purpose of this paper is to interpret the main contributions of Carmen Rovira to the study of the historical development of Mexican philosophy in its hermeneutical aspects as well as in the rescue and interpretation of the original works of Mexican philosophers since the XVI Century. In first place I analyze her hermeneutical methodology for the history of Mexican philosophy that highlights the importance of interactions between texts and contexts. Secondly, I refer to the archives rescue made by Carmen Rovira to reconstruct a Mexican philosophical corpus, especially for XIX and XX centuries. But the most relevant ofCarmen Rovira’s philosophical work is her original and critical interpretations of Mexican and Iberoamerican works, both from colonial and independent period. The most outstanding thesis of these interpretations is that during the colonial epoch Mexican philosophy was determinant for the construction of an idea of authentic nation that was very important for Mexican independence in the first decades of Nineteenth Century. Unfortunately, after Mexican independence the great cultural and political relevance of Mexican philosophydecayed. The most outstanding contribution of Carmen Rovira is precisely to recover the cultural and political relevance of philosophy in present Mexico.

The History of Sexuality in Context: National Sexological Traditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Nye
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Social History ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Historical Explanation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Variations ◽  
Population Crisis ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Medical Concepts

The ArgumentI argue here that in its historical development, sexology developed differently in France than elsewhere in Europe. Though I concur that the modern notion of “sexuality” arose some time in the last half of the nineteenth century, the older notion of ”sex” persisted in French science and medicine for a far longer time than elsewhere because of a fear that nonreproductive sexual behavior would deepen the country's population crisis. I argue that the scientific and medical concepts of the sexual perversions, particularly homosexuality, were considered by French sexologists to be abnormal deviations from heterosexuality, whereas some English, German, and Austrian sexologists — including Freud — viewed the perversions more tolerantly as natural variations of the norm. I also address here the inadequacies of historical accounts of these developments that favor discursive ruptures in the Foucauldian manner, and stress the advantages of social history and causal historical explanation.

scholarly journals ZMIIV AND ZMIIV POVIT IN REFLECTION OF THE LOCAL NOBILITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
O. M. Obchenko
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Local History ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Town

The study of local communities is important in modern history. Local history helps to understand the peculiarities of the historical development of the regions and their inhabitants. The article examines statistical and socio-cultural information about the small town of Zmiiv in the early nineteenth century. The article analyzes the plan of the town of Zmiiv and the seal of the town of Zmiiv. The composition of the city’s residents is also analyzed and compared with the Chuhuiv town. Town Zmiiv is located in the Kharkiv region. In the XIX century Zmiiv was the district (povit) center. Analysis of the town’s development shows that gradual processes of modernization have begun in Zmiiv. Beyond to statistics, the ideas of the local gentleman Fedir Krychevsky about the town and its history are analyzed. Krychevsky lived in Zmiv in the early nineteenth century. Krychevsky’s reasoning helps us to understand how provincial nobles imagined an ideal city in the early nineteenth century. The local nobility formed the local urban identity. It was a premodern town in reality and in their imagination as well. He was the head of the local nobility. It is possible to reconstruct the stereotypes of this nobleman about the town of Zmiiv. The province is a place where urban and rural cultures interact. Nowhere is this more visible than in province town. Zmiiv is a typical town in eastern Ukraine. Exploring its features will help to better understand the history of this region.

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