scholarly journals Pollution with Cr6+ of groundwater and surface waters from the industrial dump Jugohrom - Jegunovce – Republic of North Macedonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Stojan Mihailovski ◽  
Vojo Mircovski ◽  
Zlatko Ilijovski
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Metallurgical Plant ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Unconfined Aquifers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
European Standards

In order to investigate the pollution with hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) of the groundwater and surface water around the industrial dump Jugohrom – Jegunovce, hydrogeological investigations were carried out during November 2019, where 16 samples of groundwater and 3 samples of surface water were taken. In most of the analyzed samples of groundwater and surface water, the concentration of Cr6+ exceeds the maximal allowed concentrations (MAC) of Cr6+ (0.01 mg/l) according to the Macedonian and European standards in drinking water. The highest contamination with Cr6+ which is in the range of 0.052 – 132.98 mg/l is registered near the dump in the shallow groundwater, i.e. in the unconfined aquifers. Cr6+ pollution ranging from 0.017 to 0.041 mg/l has also been registered in some of the samples at artesian aquifers with a sub-artesian level. Two tests were carried out on the surface water of the Vardar River, before and after the dump. A sevenfold increase in Cr6+ concentration of 0.069 was observed after the dump. Cr6+ content of 725 mg/l was found in the drainage of overflow water in the discharge. Pollution of the groundwater and surface water with Cr6+ is anthropogenic and is a result of the operation of the Metallurgical Plant Jugohrom in the period from 1955 to 1994.

scholarly journals Detection of enteric viruses in Hungarian surface waters: first steps towards environmental surveillance

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Kern ◽  
Mihaly Kadar ◽  
Katalin Szomor ◽  
György Berencsi ◽  
Beatrix Kapusinszky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Bathing Waters

Waterborne viruses infect the human population through the consumption of contaminated drinking water and by direct contact with polluted surface water during recreational activity. Although water related viral outbreaks are a major public health concern, virus detection is not a part of the water quality monitoring scheme, mainly due to the absence of routine analysis methods. In the present study, we implemented various approaches for water concentration and virus detection, and tested on Hungarian surface water samples. Eighty samples were collected from 16 sites in Hungary. Samples were concentrated by glass wool and membrane filtration. Human adenoviruses were detected by conventional and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods in 56% (45/80) of the samples; viral titers ranged from 8.60 × 101 to 3.91 × 104 genome copies per liter. Noroviruses and enteroviruses were detected in 30% (24/80) and 13% (10/80) of samples, respectively, by reverse transcription-PCR assays. Results indicate a high prevalence of viral human pathogens in surface waters, suggesting the necessity of a detailed survey focusing on the quality of natural bathing waters and drinking water sources.

A method for prioritization of areas for pesticides surveillance on surface waters: a study in Minas Gerais, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1693-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Menezes ◽  
L. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Environmental Surveillance ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World

The occurrence of pesticides in drinking water is a matter of growing concern in several parts of the world, mainly in developing countries, due the possible adverse effects on human health. Pesticides applied in the agriculture are an important source of contamination and are rarely monitored in surface water in developing countries, either by water supply operators or health authorities, often not accomplishing the legal issues regarding the quality control of raw waters. The paper discusses a method for prioritization of surveillance actions of pesticides in surface waters, through multicriteria analysis. Five criteria were defined and a range of weight was established for each criterion. For validation of the method, it was applied in five sub-basins of Grande River Basin—MG. This application allowed ordering priority sub-basins for pesticides surveillance, suggesting two sub-basins as priorities. The validation performed enabled the evaluation and adjustment of the method, mainly regarding the availability of information. The method showed a practical alternative for the environmental surveillance, targeting priority areas. Moreover, its structure allows the application in other different areas and for other pollutants.

scholarly journals Evaluating Fecal Indicator and Pathogen Relationships in Sewage Impacted Surface Waters to Blend with Reclaimed Water for Potable Reuse in North Carolina

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Emily S. Bailey ◽  
Margret Hopkins ◽  
Lisa Casanova ◽  
Mark D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms

Surface waters used for drinking water supply often receive upstream wastewater effluent inputs, resulting in de facto wastewater reuse for drinking water and recreation. As populations grow, demands on water supplies increase. As this trend continues, it creates the need to understand the risks associated with such reuse. In North Carolina, potable reuse has been proposed as a combination of at least 80% surface water with up to 20% tertiary-treated, dual-disinfected, reclaimed wastewater, which is then stored for 5 days and further treated using conventional drinking water treatment methods. The state of North Carolina has set standards for both intake surface water and for the reclaimed water produced by wastewater utilities, using indicator microorganisms to measure compliance. The goal of this study was to quantify fecal indicator microorganisms, specifically E. coli, coliphages, and C. perfringens as well as key pathogens, specifically Salmonella spp. bacteria, adenoviruses, noroviruses, and the protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium and Giardia, in two types of water representing potential candidates for potable reuse in North Carolina, (1) run of river surface water and (2) sewage-impacted surface waters, with the purpose of determining if there are predictive relationships between these two microorganism groups that support microbial indicator reliability.

scholarly journals OCCURENCE OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM IN THE OPHIOLITE RELATED AQUIFERS OF LOYTRAKI AND SCHINOS AREAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pyrgaki ◽  
A. Argyraki ◽  
E. Kelepertzis ◽  
V. Paraskevopoulou ◽  
F. Botsou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Permissible Level ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High

The main objective of the present study is to assess Cr(VI) concentrations in groundwater and surface water of Loutraki and Schinos areas. Totally, 38 samples were collected from both areas from April to May 2015. Both surface water and groundwater are of bicarbonate-magnesium type (Mg-HCO3 -) and present very high concentrations of Mg2+ (up to 266mg/L) whereas the Cr(VI) concentrations vary among the different water groups (<1,6μg/L-120μg/L). Only 2 out of 15 boreholes of Loutraki area have chromium concentrations above the permissible level for drinking water (50μg/L for Cr(tot)) with the maximum Cr(VI) concentration being 74μg/L. In the area of Schinos, three wells have also high concentrations of Cr(VI) ranging from 40μg/L to 120μg/L. The absence of industrial activity in both areas is indicative of the geogenic origin of Cr(VI) in groundwater which is probably related to the dissolution and oxidation of primary Cr bearing minerals derived from ophiolithic rocks of Geraneia Mountains.

scholarly journals On the issue of the Uzbekistan surface water quality assessment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Difficult Situation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the quality of surface water in Uzbekistan. Analyzed their impact on the living conditions and health of the population of the republic. The most difficult situation with drinking water supply and with the growth of diseases caused by the use of poor-quality drinking water falls on the Navoi, Khorezm, Surkhandarya regions and Karakalpakstan. The stated data makes it relevant to conduct research to determine the quality of surface waters and improve the methods of its assessment. The analysis of existing methods for assessing the quality of surface waters. The technique of assessment of the index of pollution of water applied now in Uzbekistan counted in compliance with “Methodical recommendations about the formalized complex evaluation test of the surface and ocean waters about hydro/chemical indexes” was developed in Soviet period and doesn’t meet the modern requirements. The need to improve the methods for assessing the quality of surface waters as compared with that currently used in Uzhydromet is indicated. One of the most promising at present is the “Method of integrated assessment of the degree of contamination of surface waters by hydro/chemical indicators” developed and used in operational practice in Russia. The most informative comprehensive estimat water pollution and the class of water quality. The author proposed methods for assessing the quality of surface waters, the calculation of which is based on the use of a larger amount of initial information and are more reliable than those used. In particular, the proposed methodology for assessing the quality of surface waters, taking into account the hazard class of ingredients.

scholarly journals UJI COBA FILTER KERAMIK DENGAN CAMPURAN SEKAM, BEKATUL, SERBUK GERGAJI dan KOLOID PERAK DALAM PENGOLHAN AIR

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slamet Hariyadi ◽  
Margono . ◽  
Didik Sugeng Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Flow Filtration

Many people commonly are using surface water as the main source for clean and drinking water.Ironically, the quality of surface water decreases from time to time due to domestic and industrialpollution. Earthen pots with colloidal silver applied on their surface created simple coated filters where thesilver coating serves as a disinfectant that render the product water ready for consumption.This is a descriptive pre-experimental research, using one group pretest-posttest design, that isto evaluate water treatment to produce water ready for consumption by analyzing the water quality,before and after treatment with the unit, especially with regard to physical and microbioloqical parametersaccording to PERMENKES/N0.492/ MENKES/PER/IV/2010re: drinking water quality requirements.Measurements indicated that pottery filter with a mixture of clay-bran 40% is fastest flowfiltration flow filtration, which meant 5 liters of filtrate out in 21 minutes. Meanwhile a mixture clay-wood20% with an average flow of (Q) 0.254 It / jm was slowest.However clay-rice bran mixture 20% was themost is stable. Result of microbiological examination on pond water (raw condition) indicated a Coli MPNIndex of >2400, and E Coli index of 1600. After filtration with six pots coated with colloidal silversignificant reduction ini microbiological parameter was observed, indicated by MPN. Coliand E Coli indicesof O. Initial (physical) condition of the pond water have indicated no odour, no colour, no taste, and theturbidity level was 11.78 NTU, TDS level was 142mg/L, temperature was 27°C and pH 5.5. After passingthrough six filter pots coated with silver colloids, physicsl parameter i.e. TDS and turbidity decreased, andpH was normal.With respect to Permenkes No. 416/1990 and Permenkes No. 492/2010 on requirements forpotable water and drinking water respectively, suggestion for follow up research on filter pots coated withcolloidal silver pertaining to the chemistry parameters.Keywords: clay pot tilters, colloidal sitver. Coliform, TDS, turbidity, pH, cotor; temperature,odour and taste.

How does land-use influence the composition of DOM in peatland surface waters?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Moody
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
The Uk

&lt;p&gt;Peatlands export large quantities of dissolved organic matter (DOM) into surface waters. The characteristics of the peatland (e.g. vegetation cover, scale, land use) effect the concentration and composition of DOM in the water. In the UK, water companies use surface water from peatlands as a source of drinking water, and the efficiency of the treatment process depends on the concentration and composition of DOM in the incoming water. In order to better understand the link between peatland characteristics and water treatment efficiency, the composition and concentration of DOM in surface waters draining peatlands across the UK was investigated. Water samples were collected from peatland surface waters from over 300 sites across the UK. Sites with different land uses, vegetation cover, management regimes and restoration states were included.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The DOM was extracted from the water and analysed, to determine the elemental composition of the DOM. In future, targeted restoration and revegetation of peatlands could be used to alter the composition of DOM in the surface water, to produce DOM that can be more easily treated for drinking water, or treatment processes can be improved to increase treatment efficiency, based on a better understanding of the composition of DOM.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Environmental determinants of E. coli, link with the diarrheal diseases, and indication of vulnerability criteria in tropical West Africa (Kapore, Burkina Faso)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0009634
Author(s):  
Elodie Robert ◽  
Manuela Grippa ◽  
Dayangnéwendé Edwige Nikiema ◽  
Laurent Kergoat ◽  
Hamidou Koudougou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases

In 2017, diarrheal diseases were responsible for 606 024 deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa. This situation is due to domestic and recreational use of polluted surface waters, deficits in hygiene, access to healthcare and drinking water, and to weak environmental and health monitoring infrastructures. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an indicator for the enteric pathogens that cause many diarrheal diseases. The links between E. coli, diarrheal diseases and environmental parameters have not received much attention in West Africa, and few studies have assessed health risks by taking into account hazards and socio-health vulnerabilities. This case study, carried out in Burkina Faso (Bagre Reservoir), aims at filling this knowledge gap by analyzing the environmental variables that play a role in the dynamics of E. coli, cases of diarrhea, and by identifying initial vulnerability criteria. A particular focus is given to satellite-derived parameters to assess whether remote sensing can provide a useful tool to assess the health hazard. Samples of surface water were routinely collected to measure E. coli, enterococci and suspended particulate matter (SPM) at a monitoring point (Kapore) during one year. In addition, satellite data were used to estimate precipitation, water level, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and SPM. Monthly epidemiological data for cases of diarrhea from three health centers were also collected and compared with microbiological and environmental data. Finally, semi-structured interviews were carried out to document the use of water resources, contact with elements of the hydrographic network, health behavior and condition, and water and health policy and prevention, in order to identify the initial vulnerability criteria. A positive correlation between E. coli and enterococci in surface waters was found indicating that E. coli is an acceptable indicator of fecal contamination in this region. E. coli and diarrheal diseases were strongly correlated with monsoonal precipitation, in situ SPM, and Near Infra-Red (NIR) band between March and November. Partial least squares regression showed that E. coli concentration was strongly associated with precipitation, Sentinel-2 reflectance in the NIR and SPM, and that the cases of diarrhea were strongly associated with precipitation, NIR, E. coli, SPM, and to a lesser extent with NDVI. Moreover, E. coli dynamics were reproduced using satellite data alone, particularly from February to mid-December (R2 = 0.60) as were cases of diarrhea throughout the year (R2 = 0.76). This implies that satellite data could provide an important contribution to water quality monitoring. Finally, the vulnerability of the population was found to increase during the rainy season due to reduced accessibility to healthcare and drinking water sources and increased use of water of poor quality. During this period, surface water is used because it is close to habitations, easy to use and free from monetary or political constraints. This vulnerability is aggravated by marginality and particularly affects the Fulani, whose concessions are often close to surface water (river, lake) and far from health centers.

scholarly journals Occurrence, human health and ecotoxicological risk assessment of pesticides in surface waters of the River Nile's Rosetta Branch, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawzy Ismail Eissa ◽  
Mahmoud Al-Sisi ◽  
Khaled Ghanem
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Abstract In Egypt, the shortage of freshwater resources and their pollution constitutes a growing concern. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (i) monitor the occurrence and spatiotemporal variations of 100 pesticides in surface water samples collected monthly (from July 2018 to June 2019) from El-Rahawy, Sabal, and Tala sampling sites along the Rosetta branch of the River Nile in Egypt, (ii) identify potential non-carcinogenic health risks for the local people through the lifetime consumption of contaminated drinking water, and (iii) perform an ecological risk assessment of aquatic organisms upon exposure to pesticides detected in surface waters based on the risk quotients (RQs) method. Of the 100 pesticides analyzed, 22 belonging to 11 chemical families were detected, and 75.5% of surface water samples were contaminated with one or more pesticide residues. The most frequently detected pesticide was malathion (57%), followed by chlorpyrifos (54%), atrazine (23%), and carbendazim (20%). Spatial distribution showed that the El-Rahawy site had the highest pesticide load (38.47 µg/L), and Sabal had the lowest (16.29 µg/L). Temporal variations revealed that the highest total pesticide concentrations were detected in summer (27.98 µg/L) compared to spring (23.16 µg/L), winter (19.18 µg/L), and autumn (11.85 µg/L). For non-carcinogenic risks of pesticides detected in surface water, the target hazard quotient (THQ) values were less than one. This implies that there is no potential human risk from exposure to drinking water at the sites under study. However, 13 pesticides presented high-risk quotients (RQ > 1), posing potential ecological risks to aquatic organisms.

Off-Flavors in Surface Waters - How Efficient is Bank Filtration for their Abatement in Drinking Water?

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Chorus ◽  
G. Klein ◽  
J. Fastner ◽  
W. Rotard
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Seasonal Succession ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Off Flavors

Surface water and bank filtrate were studied from three Berlin lakes of different trophic states, two of which are being restored by phosphate elimination at their main inflow. Surface water showed time patterns of nor-carotinoids, aldehydes, alkanes and octatriene-isomers, which in most cases can clearly be attributed to specific phytoplankton populations. The variety of substances produced by algae was highest in the mesotrophic lake, because as compared to its previous hypertrophic state, restoration has caused an increase in phytoplankton species diversity as well as a more rapid seasonal succession of species. Contrary to expectations, serious odor problems occurred only at this lake, due to Chrysophyceae not found in hypertrophic waters. Therefore it is concluded that further reduction of phosphate concentrations is necessary, if not only the blue-green algae, but also the the Chrysophyte populations are to be reduced below nuisance levels. However, for the purpose of gaining drinking water from surface water, slow bank filtration showed to be an effective measure for the elimination of terpenoids, ocatrienes and alkane molecules larger that dodecane; therefore it can be recomended as a treatment against odor problems in drinking water gained from surface waters.

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